RIIR update lints: Add check mode (update_lints.py rewrite complete)

This finishes up the rewrite of `update_lints.py` in Rust. More
specifically, this

* adds the `--check` flag and handling to clippy_dev
* tracks file changes over the different calls to `replace_region_in_file`
* only writes changes to files if the `--check` flag is *not* used
* runs `./util/dev update_lints --check` on CI instead of the old script
* replaces usage of the `update_lints.py` script with an error

`./util/dev update_lints` behaves 99% the same as the python script.
The only difference that I'm aware of is an ordering change to
`clippy_lints/src/lib.rs` because underscores seem to be sorted
differently in Rust and in Python.

:checkered_flag:

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