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-rw-r--r--.mailmap1
-rw-r--r--src/libcore/num/f32.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libcore/num/f64.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/region.rs886
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0477.md45
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_interface/passes.rs1
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_passes/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_passes/region.rs835
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_session/config.rs6
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_session/options.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_session/session.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustdoc/config.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustdoc/lib.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/issues/issue-26217.stderr1
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/issues/issue-54943.stderr1
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-impl-type-params.stderr3
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-send-object1.stderr3
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-by-trait-requiring-static.stderr1
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-method-type-parameters.stderr1
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/ui-testing-optout.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs12
-rw-r--r--src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs8
23 files changed, 921 insertions, 909 deletions
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index 8b5e9f96b3d..1634c2da518 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ Jorge Aparicio <japaric@linux.com> <japaricious@gmail.com>
 Joseph Martin <pythoner6@gmail.com>
 Joseph T. Lyons <JosephTLyons@gmail.com> <josephtlyons@gmail.com>
 Joseph T. Lyons <JosephTLyons@gmail.com> <JosephTLyons@users.noreply.github.com>
+jumbatm <jumbatm@gmail.com> <30644300+jumbatm@users.noreply.github.com>
 Junyoung Cho <june0.cho@samsung.com>
 Jyun-Yan You <jyyou.tw@gmail.com> <jyyou@cs.nctu.edu.tw>
 Kang Seonghoon <kang.seonghoon@mearie.org> <public+git@mearie.org>
diff --git a/src/libcore/num/f32.rs b/src/libcore/num/f32.rs
index f1f1bb13f0f..505484c2a49 100644
--- a/src/libcore/num/f32.rs
+++ b/src/libcore/num/f32.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub const NAN: f32 = 0.0_f32 / 0.0_f32;
 /// Infinity (∞).
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub const INFINITY: f32 = 1.0_f32 / 0.0_f32;
-/// Negative infinity (-∞).
+/// Negative infinity (−∞).
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub const NEG_INFINITY: f32 = -1.0_f32 / 0.0_f32;
 
diff --git a/src/libcore/num/f64.rs b/src/libcore/num/f64.rs
index 5f9dc541b7d..8f3af42d25d 100644
--- a/src/libcore/num/f64.rs
+++ b/src/libcore/num/f64.rs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub const NAN: f64 = 0.0_f64 / 0.0_f64;
 /// Infinity (∞).
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub const INFINITY: f64 = 1.0_f64 / 0.0_f64;
-/// Negative infinity (-∞).
+/// Negative infinity (−∞).
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub const NEG_INFINITY: f64 = -1.0_f64 / 0.0_f64;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/region.rs b/src/librustc/middle/region.rs
index 5126d3f7fde..a4c489735a9 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/region.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/region.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! This file builds up the `ScopeTree`, which describes
+//! This file declares the `ScopeTree` type, which describes
 //! the parent links in the region hierarchy.
 //!
 //! For more information about how MIR-based region-checking works,
@@ -8,22 +8,17 @@
 
 use crate::hir;
 use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
-use crate::hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
 use crate::hir::Node;
-use crate::hir::{Arm, Block, Expr, Local, Pat, PatKind, Stmt};
 use crate::ich::{NodeIdHashingMode, StableHashingContext};
-use crate::ty::query::Providers;
 use crate::ty::{self, DefIdTree, TyCtxt};
-use crate::util::nodemap::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use crate::util::nodemap::FxHashMap;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
-use syntax::source_map;
 use syntax_pos::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 use std::fmt;
-use std::mem;
 
 /// Represents a statically-describable scope that can be used to
 /// bound the lifetime/region for values.
@@ -232,12 +227,12 @@ pub type ScopeDepth = u32;
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct ScopeTree {
     /// If not empty, this body is the root of this region hierarchy.
-    root_body: Option<hir::HirId>,
+    pub root_body: Option<hir::HirId>,
 
     /// The parent of the root body owner, if the latter is an
     /// an associated const or method, as impls/traits can also
     /// have lifetime parameters free in this body.
-    root_parent: Option<hir::HirId>,
+    pub root_parent: Option<hir::HirId>,
 
     /// Maps from a scope ID to the enclosing scope id;
     /// this is usually corresponding to the lexical nesting, though
@@ -245,7 +240,7 @@ pub struct ScopeTree {
     /// conditional expression or repeating block. (Note that the
     /// enclosing scope ID for the block associated with a closure is
     /// the closure itself.)
-    parent_map: FxHashMap<Scope, (Scope, ScopeDepth)>,
+    pub parent_map: FxHashMap<Scope, (Scope, ScopeDepth)>,
 
     /// Maps from a variable or binding ID to the block in which that
     /// variable is declared.
@@ -345,12 +340,12 @@ pub struct ScopeTree {
     /// The reason is that semantically, until the `box` expression returns,
     /// the values are still owned by their containing expressions. So
     /// we'll see that `&x`.
-    yield_in_scope: FxHashMap<Scope, YieldData>,
+    pub yield_in_scope: FxHashMap<Scope, YieldData>,
 
     /// The number of visit_expr and visit_pat calls done in the body.
     /// Used to sanity check visit_expr/visit_pat call count when
     /// calculating generator interiors.
-    body_expr_count: FxHashMap<hir::BodyId, usize>,
+    pub body_expr_count: FxHashMap<hir::BodyId, usize>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, HashStable)]
@@ -362,101 +357,6 @@ pub struct YieldData {
     pub source: hir::YieldSource,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct Context {
-    /// The root of the current region tree. This is typically the id
-    /// of the innermost fn body. Each fn forms its own disjoint tree
-    /// in the region hierarchy. These fn bodies are themselves
-    /// arranged into a tree. See the "Modeling closures" section of
-    /// the README in `infer::region_constraints` for more
-    /// details.
-    root_id: Option<hir::ItemLocalId>,
-
-    /// The scope that contains any new variables declared, plus its depth in
-    /// the scope tree.
-    var_parent: Option<(Scope, ScopeDepth)>,
-
-    /// Region parent of expressions, etc., plus its depth in the scope tree.
-    parent: Option<(Scope, ScopeDepth)>,
-}
-
-struct RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx> {
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-    // The number of expressions and patterns visited in the current body.
-    expr_and_pat_count: usize,
-    // When this is `true`, we record the `Scopes` we encounter
-    // when processing a Yield expression. This allows us to fix
-    // up their indices.
-    pessimistic_yield: bool,
-    // Stores scopes when `pessimistic_yield` is `true`.
-    fixup_scopes: Vec<Scope>,
-    // The generated scope tree.
-    scope_tree: ScopeTree,
-
-    cx: Context,
-
-    /// `terminating_scopes` is a set containing the ids of each
-    /// statement, or conditional/repeating expression. These scopes
-    /// are calling "terminating scopes" because, when attempting to
-    /// find the scope of a temporary, by default we search up the
-    /// enclosing scopes until we encounter the terminating scope. A
-    /// conditional/repeating expression is one which is not
-    /// guaranteed to execute exactly once upon entering the parent
-    /// scope. This could be because the expression only executes
-    /// conditionally, such as the expression `b` in `a && b`, or
-    /// because the expression may execute many times, such as a loop
-    /// body. The reason that we distinguish such expressions is that,
-    /// upon exiting the parent scope, we cannot statically know how
-    /// many times the expression executed, and thus if the expression
-    /// creates temporaries we cannot know statically how many such
-    /// temporaries we would have to cleanup. Therefore, we ensure that
-    /// the temporaries never outlast the conditional/repeating
-    /// expression, preventing the need for dynamic checks and/or
-    /// arbitrary amounts of stack space. Terminating scopes end
-    /// up being contained in a DestructionScope that contains the
-    /// destructor's execution.
-    terminating_scopes: FxHashSet<hir::ItemLocalId>,
-}
-
-struct ExprLocatorVisitor {
-    hir_id: hir::HirId,
-    result: Option<usize>,
-    expr_and_pat_count: usize,
-}
-
-// This visitor has to have the same `visit_expr` calls as `RegionResolutionVisitor`
-// since `expr_count` is compared against the results there.
-impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for ExprLocatorVisitor {
-    fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'tcx> {
-        NestedVisitorMap::None
-    }
-
-    fn visit_pat(&mut self, pat: &'tcx Pat<'tcx>) {
-        intravisit::walk_pat(self, pat);
-
-        self.expr_and_pat_count += 1;
-
-        if pat.hir_id == self.hir_id {
-            self.result = Some(self.expr_and_pat_count);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
-        debug!("ExprLocatorVisitor - pre-increment {} expr = {:?}", self.expr_and_pat_count, expr);
-
-        intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
-
-        self.expr_and_pat_count += 1;
-
-        debug!("ExprLocatorVisitor - post-increment {} expr = {:?}", self.expr_and_pat_count, expr);
-
-        if expr.hir_id == self.hir_id {
-            self.result = Some(self.expr_and_pat_count);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> ScopeTree {
     pub fn record_scope_parent(&mut self, child: Scope, parent: Option<(Scope, ScopeDepth)>) {
         debug!("{:?}.parent = {:?}", child, parent);
@@ -497,7 +397,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ScopeTree {
     /// Records that `sub_closure` is defined within `sup_closure`. These IDs
     /// should be the ID of the block that is the fn body, which is
     /// also the root of the region hierarchy for that fn.
-    fn record_closure_parent(
+    pub fn record_closure_parent(
         &mut self,
         sub_closure: hir::ItemLocalId,
         sup_closure: hir::ItemLocalId,
@@ -511,13 +411,13 @@ impl<'tcx> ScopeTree {
         assert!(previous.is_none());
     }
 
-    fn record_var_scope(&mut self, var: hir::ItemLocalId, lifetime: Scope) {
+    pub fn record_var_scope(&mut self, var: hir::ItemLocalId, lifetime: Scope) {
         debug!("record_var_scope(sub={:?}, sup={:?})", var, lifetime);
         assert!(var != lifetime.item_local_id());
         self.var_map.insert(var, lifetime);
     }
 
-    fn record_rvalue_scope(&mut self, var: hir::ItemLocalId, lifetime: Option<Scope>) {
+    pub fn record_rvalue_scope(&mut self, var: hir::ItemLocalId, lifetime: Option<Scope>) {
         debug!("record_rvalue_scope(sub={:?}, sup={:?})", var, lifetime);
         if let Some(lifetime) = lifetime {
             assert!(var != lifetime.item_local_id());
@@ -732,23 +632,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ScopeTree {
         self.yield_in_scope.get(&scope).cloned()
     }
 
-    /// Checks whether the given scope contains a `yield` and if that yield could execute
-    /// after `expr`. If so, it returns the span of that `yield`.
-    /// `scope` must be inside the body.
-    pub fn yield_in_scope_for_expr(
-        &self,
-        scope: Scope,
-        expr_hir_id: hir::HirId,
-        body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Option<Span> {
-        self.yield_in_scope(scope).and_then(|YieldData { span, expr_and_pat_count, .. }| {
-            let mut visitor =
-                ExprLocatorVisitor { hir_id: expr_hir_id, result: None, expr_and_pat_count: 0 };
-            visitor.visit_body(body);
-            if expr_and_pat_count >= visitor.result.unwrap() { Some(span) } else { None }
-        })
-    }
-
     /// Gives the number of expressions visited in a body.
     /// Used to sanity check visit_expr call count when
     /// calculating generator interiors.
@@ -757,755 +640,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ScopeTree {
     }
 }
 
-/// Records the lifetime of a local variable as `cx.var_parent`
-fn record_var_lifetime(
-    visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'_>,
-    var_id: hir::ItemLocalId,
-    _sp: Span,
-) {
-    match visitor.cx.var_parent {
-        None => {
-            // this can happen in extern fn declarations like
-            //
-            // extern fn isalnum(c: c_int) -> c_int
-        }
-        Some((parent_scope, _)) => visitor.scope_tree.record_var_scope(var_id, parent_scope),
-    }
-}
-
-fn resolve_block<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, blk: &'tcx hir::Block<'tcx>) {
-    debug!("resolve_block(blk.hir_id={:?})", blk.hir_id);
-
-    let prev_cx = visitor.cx;
-
-    // We treat the tail expression in the block (if any) somewhat
-    // differently from the statements. The issue has to do with
-    // temporary lifetimes. Consider the following:
-    //
-    //    quux({
-    //        let inner = ... (&bar()) ...;
-    //
-    //        (... (&foo()) ...) // (the tail expression)
-    //    }, other_argument());
-    //
-    // Each of the statements within the block is a terminating
-    // scope, and thus a temporary (e.g., the result of calling
-    // `bar()` in the initializer expression for `let inner = ...;`)
-    // will be cleaned up immediately after its corresponding
-    // statement (i.e., `let inner = ...;`) executes.
-    //
-    // On the other hand, temporaries associated with evaluating the
-    // tail expression for the block are assigned lifetimes so that
-    // they will be cleaned up as part of the terminating scope
-    // *surrounding* the block expression. Here, the terminating
-    // scope for the block expression is the `quux(..)` call; so
-    // those temporaries will only be cleaned up *after* both
-    // `other_argument()` has run and also the call to `quux(..)`
-    // itself has returned.
-
-    visitor.enter_node_scope_with_dtor(blk.hir_id.local_id);
-    visitor.cx.var_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
-
-    {
-        // This block should be kept approximately in sync with
-        // `intravisit::walk_block`. (We manually walk the block, rather
-        // than call `walk_block`, in order to maintain precise
-        // index information.)
-
-        for (i, statement) in blk.stmts.iter().enumerate() {
-            match statement.kind {
-                hir::StmtKind::Local(..) | hir::StmtKind::Item(..) => {
-                    // Each declaration introduces a subscope for bindings
-                    // introduced by the declaration; this subscope covers a
-                    // suffix of the block. Each subscope in a block has the
-                    // previous subscope in the block as a parent, except for
-                    // the first such subscope, which has the block itself as a
-                    // parent.
-                    visitor.enter_scope(Scope {
-                        id: blk.hir_id.local_id,
-                        data: ScopeData::Remainder(FirstStatementIndex::new(i)),
-                    });
-                    visitor.cx.var_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
-                }
-                hir::StmtKind::Expr(..) | hir::StmtKind::Semi(..) => {}
-            }
-            visitor.visit_stmt(statement)
-        }
-        walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, &blk.expr);
-    }
-
-    visitor.cx = prev_cx;
-}
-
-fn resolve_arm<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, arm: &'tcx hir::Arm<'tcx>) {
-    let prev_cx = visitor.cx;
-
-    visitor.enter_scope(Scope { id: arm.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Node });
-    visitor.cx.var_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
-
-    visitor.terminating_scopes.insert(arm.body.hir_id.local_id);
-
-    if let Some(hir::Guard::If(ref expr)) = arm.guard {
-        visitor.terminating_scopes.insert(expr.hir_id.local_id);
-    }
-
-    intravisit::walk_arm(visitor, arm);
-
-    visitor.cx = prev_cx;
-}
-
-fn resolve_pat<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, pat: &'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>) {
-    visitor.record_child_scope(Scope { id: pat.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Node });
-
-    // If this is a binding then record the lifetime of that binding.
-    if let PatKind::Binding(..) = pat.kind {
-        record_var_lifetime(visitor, pat.hir_id.local_id, pat.span);
-    }
-
-    debug!("resolve_pat - pre-increment {} pat = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, pat);
-
-    intravisit::walk_pat(visitor, pat);
-
-    visitor.expr_and_pat_count += 1;
-
-    debug!("resolve_pat - post-increment {} pat = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, pat);
-}
-
-fn resolve_stmt<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, stmt: &'tcx hir::Stmt<'tcx>) {
-    let stmt_id = stmt.hir_id.local_id;
-    debug!("resolve_stmt(stmt.id={:?})", stmt_id);
-
-    // Every statement will clean up the temporaries created during
-    // execution of that statement. Therefore each statement has an
-    // associated destruction scope that represents the scope of the
-    // statement plus its destructors, and thus the scope for which
-    // regions referenced by the destructors need to survive.
-    visitor.terminating_scopes.insert(stmt_id);
-
-    let prev_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
-    visitor.enter_node_scope_with_dtor(stmt_id);
-
-    intravisit::walk_stmt(visitor, stmt);
-
-    visitor.cx.parent = prev_parent;
-}
-
-fn resolve_expr<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>) {
-    debug!("resolve_expr - pre-increment {} expr = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, expr);
-
-    let prev_cx = visitor.cx;
-    visitor.enter_node_scope_with_dtor(expr.hir_id.local_id);
-
-    {
-        let terminating_scopes = &mut visitor.terminating_scopes;
-        let mut terminating = |id: hir::ItemLocalId| {
-            terminating_scopes.insert(id);
-        };
-        match expr.kind {
-            // Conditional or repeating scopes are always terminating
-            // scopes, meaning that temporaries cannot outlive them.
-            // This ensures fixed size stacks.
-            hir::ExprKind::Binary(
-                source_map::Spanned { node: hir::BinOpKind::And, .. },
-                _,
-                ref r,
-            )
-            | hir::ExprKind::Binary(
-                source_map::Spanned { node: hir::BinOpKind::Or, .. },
-                _,
-                ref r,
-            ) => {
-                // For shortcircuiting operators, mark the RHS as a terminating
-                // scope since it only executes conditionally.
-                terminating(r.hir_id.local_id);
-            }
-
-            hir::ExprKind::Loop(ref body, _, _) => {
-                terminating(body.hir_id.local_id);
-            }
-
-            hir::ExprKind::DropTemps(ref expr) => {
-                // `DropTemps(expr)` does not denote a conditional scope.
-                // Rather, we want to achieve the same behavior as `{ let _t = expr; _t }`.
-                terminating(expr.hir_id.local_id);
-            }
-
-            hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Index(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Unary(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Call(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => {
-                // FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/811) Nested method calls
-                //
-                // The lifetimes for a call or method call look as follows:
-                //
-                // call.id
-                // - arg0.id
-                // - ...
-                // - argN.id
-                // - call.callee_id
-                //
-                // The idea is that call.callee_id represents *the time when
-                // the invoked function is actually running* and call.id
-                // represents *the time to prepare the arguments and make the
-                // call*.  See the section "Borrows in Calls" borrowck/README.md
-                // for an extended explanation of why this distinction is
-                // important.
-                //
-                // record_superlifetime(new_cx, expr.callee_id);
-            }
-
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    let prev_pessimistic = visitor.pessimistic_yield;
-
-    // Ordinarily, we can rely on the visit order of HIR intravisit
-    // to correspond to the actual execution order of statements.
-    // However, there's a weird corner case with compund assignment
-    // operators (e.g. `a += b`). The evaluation order depends on whether
-    // or not the operator is overloaded (e.g. whether or not a trait
-    // like AddAssign is implemented).
-
-    // For primitive types (which, despite having a trait impl, don't actually
-    // end up calling it), the evluation order is right-to-left. For example,
-    // the following code snippet:
-    //
-    //    let y = &mut 0;
-    //    *{println!("LHS!"); y} += {println!("RHS!"); 1};
-    //
-    // will print:
-    //
-    // RHS!
-    // LHS!
-    //
-    // However, if the operator is used on a non-primitive type,
-    // the evaluation order will be left-to-right, since the operator
-    // actually get desugared to a method call. For example, this
-    // nearly identical code snippet:
-    //
-    //     let y = &mut String::new();
-    //    *{println!("LHS String"); y} += {println!("RHS String"); "hi"};
-    //
-    // will print:
-    // LHS String
-    // RHS String
-    //
-    // To determine the actual execution order, we need to perform
-    // trait resolution. Unfortunately, we need to be able to compute
-    // yield_in_scope before type checking is even done, as it gets
-    // used by AST borrowcheck.
-    //
-    // Fortunately, we don't need to know the actual execution order.
-    // It suffices to know the 'worst case' order with respect to yields.
-    // Specifically, we need to know the highest 'expr_and_pat_count'
-    // that we could assign to the yield expression. To do this,
-    // we pick the greater of the two values from the left-hand
-    // and right-hand expressions. This makes us overly conservative
-    // about what types could possibly live across yield points,
-    // but we will never fail to detect that a type does actually
-    // live across a yield point. The latter part is critical -
-    // we're already overly conservative about what types will live
-    // across yield points, as the generated MIR will determine
-    // when things are actually live. However, for typecheck to work
-    // properly, we can't miss any types.
-
-    match expr.kind {
-        // Manually recurse over closures, because they are the only
-        // case of nested bodies that share the parent environment.
-        hir::ExprKind::Closure(.., body, _, _) => {
-            let body = visitor.tcx.hir().body(body);
-            visitor.visit_body(body);
-        }
-        hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(_, ref left_expr, ref right_expr) => {
-            debug!(
-                "resolve_expr - enabling pessimistic_yield, was previously {}",
-                prev_pessimistic
-            );
-
-            let start_point = visitor.fixup_scopes.len();
-            visitor.pessimistic_yield = true;
-
-            // If the actual execution order turns out to be right-to-left,
-            // then we're fine. However, if the actual execution order is left-to-right,
-            // then we'll assign too low a count to any `yield` expressions
-            // we encounter in 'right_expression' - they should really occur after all of the
-            // expressions in 'left_expression'.
-            visitor.visit_expr(&right_expr);
-            visitor.pessimistic_yield = prev_pessimistic;
-
-            debug!("resolve_expr - restoring pessimistic_yield to {}", prev_pessimistic);
-            visitor.visit_expr(&left_expr);
-            debug!("resolve_expr - fixing up counts to {}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count);
-
-            // Remove and process any scopes pushed by the visitor
-            let target_scopes = visitor.fixup_scopes.drain(start_point..);
-
-            for scope in target_scopes {
-                let mut yield_data = visitor.scope_tree.yield_in_scope.get_mut(&scope).unwrap();
-                let count = yield_data.expr_and_pat_count;
-                let span = yield_data.span;
-
-                // expr_and_pat_count never decreases. Since we recorded counts in yield_in_scope
-                // before walking the left-hand side, it should be impossible for the recorded
-                // count to be greater than the left-hand side count.
-                if count > visitor.expr_and_pat_count {
-                    bug!(
-                        "Encountered greater count {} at span {:?} - expected no greater than {}",
-                        count,
-                        span,
-                        visitor.expr_and_pat_count
-                    );
-                }
-                let new_count = visitor.expr_and_pat_count;
-                debug!(
-                    "resolve_expr - increasing count for scope {:?} from {} to {} at span {:?}",
-                    scope, count, new_count, span
-                );
-
-                yield_data.expr_and_pat_count = new_count;
-            }
-        }
-
-        _ => intravisit::walk_expr(visitor, expr),
-    }
-
-    visitor.expr_and_pat_count += 1;
-
-    debug!("resolve_expr post-increment {}, expr = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, expr);
-
-    if let hir::ExprKind::Yield(_, source) = &expr.kind {
-        // Mark this expr's scope and all parent scopes as containing `yield`.
-        let mut scope = Scope { id: expr.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Node };
-        loop {
-            let data = YieldData {
-                span: expr.span,
-                expr_and_pat_count: visitor.expr_and_pat_count,
-                source: *source,
-            };
-            visitor.scope_tree.yield_in_scope.insert(scope, data);
-            if visitor.pessimistic_yield {
-                debug!("resolve_expr in pessimistic_yield - marking scope {:?} for fixup", scope);
-                visitor.fixup_scopes.push(scope);
-            }
-
-            // Keep traversing up while we can.
-            match visitor.scope_tree.parent_map.get(&scope) {
-                // Don't cross from closure bodies to their parent.
-                Some(&(superscope, _)) => match superscope.data {
-                    ScopeData::CallSite => break,
-                    _ => scope = superscope,
-                },
-                None => break,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    visitor.cx = prev_cx;
-}
-
-fn resolve_local<'tcx>(
-    visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>,
-    pat: Option<&'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>>,
-    init: Option<&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>>,
-) {
-    debug!("resolve_local(pat={:?}, init={:?})", pat, init);
-
-    let blk_scope = visitor.cx.var_parent.map(|(p, _)| p);
-
-    // As an exception to the normal rules governing temporary
-    // lifetimes, initializers in a let have a temporary lifetime
-    // of the enclosing block. This means that e.g., a program
-    // like the following is legal:
-    //
-    //     let ref x = HashMap::new();
-    //
-    // Because the hash map will be freed in the enclosing block.
-    //
-    // We express the rules more formally based on 3 grammars (defined
-    // fully in the helpers below that implement them):
-    //
-    // 1. `E&`, which matches expressions like `&<rvalue>` that
-    //    own a pointer into the stack.
-    //
-    // 2. `P&`, which matches patterns like `ref x` or `(ref x, ref
-    //    y)` that produce ref bindings into the value they are
-    //    matched against or something (at least partially) owned by
-    //    the value they are matched against. (By partially owned,
-    //    I mean that creating a binding into a ref-counted or managed value
-    //    would still count.)
-    //
-    // 3. `ET`, which matches both rvalues like `foo()` as well as places
-    //    based on rvalues like `foo().x[2].y`.
-    //
-    // A subexpression `<rvalue>` that appears in a let initializer
-    // `let pat [: ty] = expr` has an extended temporary lifetime if
-    // any of the following conditions are met:
-    //
-    // A. `pat` matches `P&` and `expr` matches `ET`
-    //    (covers cases where `pat` creates ref bindings into an rvalue
-    //     produced by `expr`)
-    // B. `ty` is a borrowed pointer and `expr` matches `ET`
-    //    (covers cases where coercion creates a borrow)
-    // C. `expr` matches `E&`
-    //    (covers cases `expr` borrows an rvalue that is then assigned
-    //     to memory (at least partially) owned by the binding)
-    //
-    // Here are some examples hopefully giving an intuition where each
-    // rule comes into play and why:
-    //
-    // Rule A. `let (ref x, ref y) = (foo().x, 44)`. The rvalue `(22, 44)`
-    // would have an extended lifetime, but not `foo()`.
-    //
-    // Rule B. `let x = &foo().x`. The rvalue `foo()` would have extended
-    // lifetime.
-    //
-    // In some cases, multiple rules may apply (though not to the same
-    // rvalue). For example:
-    //
-    //     let ref x = [&a(), &b()];
-    //
-    // Here, the expression `[...]` has an extended lifetime due to rule
-    // A, but the inner rvalues `a()` and `b()` have an extended lifetime
-    // due to rule C.
-
-    if let Some(expr) = init {
-        record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &expr, blk_scope);
-
-        if let Some(pat) = pat {
-            if is_binding_pat(pat) {
-                record_rvalue_scope(visitor, &expr, blk_scope);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Make sure we visit the initializer first, so expr_and_pat_count remains correct
-    if let Some(expr) = init {
-        visitor.visit_expr(expr);
-    }
-    if let Some(pat) = pat {
-        visitor.visit_pat(pat);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if `pat` match the `P&` non-terminal.
-    ///
-    ///     P& = ref X
-    ///        | StructName { ..., P&, ... }
-    ///        | VariantName(..., P&, ...)
-    ///        | [ ..., P&, ... ]
-    ///        | ( ..., P&, ... )
-    ///        | ... "|" P& "|" ...
-    ///        | box P&
-    fn is_binding_pat(pat: &hir::Pat<'_>) -> bool {
-        // Note that the code below looks for *explicit* refs only, that is, it won't
-        // know about *implicit* refs as introduced in #42640.
-        //
-        // This is not a problem. For example, consider
-        //
-        //      let (ref x, ref y) = (Foo { .. }, Bar { .. });
-        //
-        // Due to the explicit refs on the left hand side, the below code would signal
-        // that the temporary value on the right hand side should live until the end of
-        // the enclosing block (as opposed to being dropped after the let is complete).
-        //
-        // To create an implicit ref, however, you must have a borrowed value on the RHS
-        // already, as in this example (which won't compile before #42640):
-        //
-        //      let Foo { x, .. } = &Foo { x: ..., ... };
-        //
-        // in place of
-        //
-        //      let Foo { ref x, .. } = Foo { ... };
-        //
-        // In the former case (the implicit ref version), the temporary is created by the
-        // & expression, and its lifetime would be extended to the end of the block (due
-        // to a different rule, not the below code).
-        match pat.kind {
-            PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Ref, ..)
-            | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::RefMut, ..) => true,
-
-            PatKind::Struct(_, ref field_pats, _) => {
-                field_pats.iter().any(|fp| is_binding_pat(&fp.pat))
-            }
-
-            PatKind::Slice(ref pats1, ref pats2, ref pats3) => {
-                pats1.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p))
-                    || pats2.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p))
-                    || pats3.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p))
-            }
-
-            PatKind::Or(ref subpats)
-            | PatKind::TupleStruct(_, ref subpats, _)
-            | PatKind::Tuple(ref subpats, _) => subpats.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p)),
-
-            PatKind::Box(ref subpat) => is_binding_pat(&subpat),
-
-            PatKind::Ref(_, _)
-            | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Unannotated, ..)
-            | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Mutable, ..)
-            | PatKind::Wild
-            | PatKind::Path(_)
-            | PatKind::Lit(_)
-            | PatKind::Range(_, _, _) => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// If `expr` matches the `E&` grammar, then records an extended rvalue scope as appropriate:
-    ///
-    ///     E& = & ET
-    ///        | StructName { ..., f: E&, ... }
-    ///        | [ ..., E&, ... ]
-    ///        | ( ..., E&, ... )
-    ///        | {...; E&}
-    ///        | box E&
-    ///        | E& as ...
-    ///        | ( E& )
-    fn record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr<'tcx>(
-        visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>,
-        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
-        blk_id: Option<Scope>,
-    ) {
-        match expr.kind {
-            hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, ref subexpr) => {
-                record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
-                record_rvalue_scope(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::Struct(_, fields, _) => {
-                for field in fields {
-                    record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &field.expr, blk_id);
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::Array(subexprs) | hir::ExprKind::Tup(subexprs) => {
-                for subexpr in subexprs {
-                    record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::Cast(ref subexpr, _) => {
-                record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id)
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::Block(ref block, _) => {
-                if let Some(ref subexpr) = block.expr {
-                    record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Applied to an expression `expr` if `expr` -- or something owned or partially owned by
-    /// `expr` -- is going to be indirectly referenced by a variable in a let statement. In that
-    /// case, the "temporary lifetime" or `expr` is extended to be the block enclosing the `let`
-    /// statement.
-    ///
-    /// More formally, if `expr` matches the grammar `ET`, record the rvalue scope of the matching
-    /// `<rvalue>` as `blk_id`:
-    ///
-    ///     ET = *ET
-    ///        | ET[...]
-    ///        | ET.f
-    ///        | (ET)
-    ///        | <rvalue>
-    ///
-    /// Note: ET is intended to match "rvalues or places based on rvalues".
-    fn record_rvalue_scope<'tcx>(
-        visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>,
-        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
-        blk_scope: Option<Scope>,
-    ) {
-        let mut expr = expr;
-        loop {
-            // Note: give all the expressions matching `ET` with the
-            // extended temporary lifetime, not just the innermost rvalue,
-            // because in codegen if we must compile e.g., `*rvalue()`
-            // into a temporary, we request the temporary scope of the
-            // outer expression.
-            visitor.scope_tree.record_rvalue_scope(expr.hir_id.local_id, blk_scope);
-
-            match expr.kind {
-                hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, ref subexpr)
-                | hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnDeref, ref subexpr)
-                | hir::ExprKind::Field(ref subexpr, _)
-                | hir::ExprKind::Index(ref subexpr, _) => {
-                    expr = &subexpr;
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx> {
-    /// Records the current parent (if any) as the parent of `child_scope`.
-    /// Returns the depth of `child_scope`.
-    fn record_child_scope(&mut self, child_scope: Scope) -> ScopeDepth {
-        let parent = self.cx.parent;
-        self.scope_tree.record_scope_parent(child_scope, parent);
-        // If `child_scope` has no parent, it must be the root node, and so has
-        // a depth of 1. Otherwise, its depth is one more than its parent's.
-        parent.map_or(1, |(_p, d)| d + 1)
-    }
-
-    /// Records the current parent (if any) as the parent of `child_scope`,
-    /// and sets `child_scope` as the new current parent.
-    fn enter_scope(&mut self, child_scope: Scope) {
-        let child_depth = self.record_child_scope(child_scope);
-        self.cx.parent = Some((child_scope, child_depth));
-    }
-
-    fn enter_node_scope_with_dtor(&mut self, id: hir::ItemLocalId) {
-        // If node was previously marked as a terminating scope during the
-        // recursive visit of its parent node in the AST, then we need to
-        // account for the destruction scope representing the scope of
-        // the destructors that run immediately after it completes.
-        if self.terminating_scopes.contains(&id) {
-            self.enter_scope(Scope { id, data: ScopeData::Destruction });
-        }
-        self.enter_scope(Scope { id, data: ScopeData::Node });
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx> {
-    fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'tcx> {
-        NestedVisitorMap::None
-    }
-
-    fn visit_block(&mut self, b: &'tcx Block<'tcx>) {
-        resolve_block(self, b);
-    }
-
-    fn visit_body(&mut self, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>) {
-        let body_id = body.id();
-        let owner_id = self.tcx.hir().body_owner(body_id);
-
-        debug!(
-            "visit_body(id={:?}, span={:?}, body.id={:?}, cx.parent={:?})",
-            owner_id,
-            self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_string(body.value.span),
-            body_id,
-            self.cx.parent
-        );
-
-        let outer_ec = mem::replace(&mut self.expr_and_pat_count, 0);
-        let outer_cx = self.cx;
-        let outer_ts = mem::take(&mut self.terminating_scopes);
-        self.terminating_scopes.insert(body.value.hir_id.local_id);
-
-        if let Some(root_id) = self.cx.root_id {
-            self.scope_tree.record_closure_parent(body.value.hir_id.local_id, root_id);
-        }
-        self.cx.root_id = Some(body.value.hir_id.local_id);
-
-        self.enter_scope(Scope { id: body.value.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::CallSite });
-        self.enter_scope(Scope { id: body.value.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Arguments });
-
-        // The arguments and `self` are parented to the fn.
-        self.cx.var_parent = self.cx.parent.take();
-        for param in body.params {
-            self.visit_pat(&param.pat);
-        }
-
-        // The body of the every fn is a root scope.
-        self.cx.parent = self.cx.var_parent;
-        if self.tcx.hir().body_owner_kind(owner_id).is_fn_or_closure() {
-            self.visit_expr(&body.value)
-        } else {
-            // Only functions have an outer terminating (drop) scope, while
-            // temporaries in constant initializers may be 'static, but only
-            // according to rvalue lifetime semantics, using the same
-            // syntactical rules used for let initializers.
-            //
-            // e.g., in `let x = &f();`, the temporary holding the result from
-            // the `f()` call lives for the entirety of the surrounding block.
-            //
-            // Similarly, `const X: ... = &f();` would have the result of `f()`
-            // live for `'static`, implying (if Drop restrictions on constants
-            // ever get lifted) that the value *could* have a destructor, but
-            // it'd get leaked instead of the destructor running during the
-            // evaluation of `X` (if at all allowed by CTFE).
-            //
-            // However, `const Y: ... = g(&f());`, like `let y = g(&f());`,
-            // would *not* let the `f()` temporary escape into an outer scope
-            // (i.e., `'static`), which means that after `g` returns, it drops,
-            // and all the associated destruction scope rules apply.
-            self.cx.var_parent = None;
-            resolve_local(self, None, Some(&body.value));
-        }
-
-        if body.generator_kind.is_some() {
-            self.scope_tree.body_expr_count.insert(body_id, self.expr_and_pat_count);
-        }
-
-        // Restore context we had at the start.
-        self.expr_and_pat_count = outer_ec;
-        self.cx = outer_cx;
-        self.terminating_scopes = outer_ts;
-    }
-
-    fn visit_arm(&mut self, a: &'tcx Arm<'tcx>) {
-        resolve_arm(self, a);
-    }
-    fn visit_pat(&mut self, p: &'tcx Pat<'tcx>) {
-        resolve_pat(self, p);
-    }
-    fn visit_stmt(&mut self, s: &'tcx Stmt<'tcx>) {
-        resolve_stmt(self, s);
-    }
-    fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
-        resolve_expr(self, ex);
-    }
-    fn visit_local(&mut self, l: &'tcx Local<'tcx>) {
-        resolve_local(self, Some(&l.pat), l.init.as_ref().map(|e| &**e));
-    }
-}
-
-fn region_scope_tree(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ScopeTree {
-    let closure_base_def_id = tcx.closure_base_def_id(def_id);
-    if closure_base_def_id != def_id {
-        return tcx.region_scope_tree(closure_base_def_id);
-    }
-
-    let id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id).unwrap();
-    let scope_tree = if let Some(body_id) = tcx.hir().maybe_body_owned_by(id) {
-        let mut visitor = RegionResolutionVisitor {
-            tcx,
-            scope_tree: ScopeTree::default(),
-            expr_and_pat_count: 0,
-            cx: Context { root_id: None, parent: None, var_parent: None },
-            terminating_scopes: Default::default(),
-            pessimistic_yield: false,
-            fixup_scopes: vec![],
-        };
-
-        let body = tcx.hir().body(body_id);
-        visitor.scope_tree.root_body = Some(body.value.hir_id);
-
-        // If the item is an associated const or a method,
-        // record its impl/trait parent, as it can also have
-        // lifetime parameters free in this body.
-        match tcx.hir().get(id) {
-            Node::ImplItem(_) | Node::TraitItem(_) => {
-                visitor.scope_tree.root_parent = Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(id));
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        visitor.visit_body(body);
-
-        visitor.scope_tree
-    } else {
-        ScopeTree::default()
-    };
-
-    tcx.arena.alloc(scope_tree)
-}
-
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
-    *providers = Providers { region_scope_tree, ..*providers };
-}
-
 impl<'a> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ScopeTree {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut StableHashingContext<'a>, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         let ScopeTree {
diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs
index 18d58d9d19e..272147e28a4 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ E0463: include_str!("./error_codes/E0463.md"),
 E0466: include_str!("./error_codes/E0466.md"),
 E0468: include_str!("./error_codes/E0468.md"),
 E0469: include_str!("./error_codes/E0469.md"),
+E0477: include_str!("./error_codes/E0477.md"),
 E0478: include_str!("./error_codes/E0478.md"),
 E0491: include_str!("./error_codes/E0491.md"),
 E0492: include_str!("./error_codes/E0492.md"),
@@ -531,7 +532,6 @@ E0745: include_str!("./error_codes/E0745.md"),
     E0474, // captured variable `..` does not outlive the enclosing closure
     E0475, // index of slice outside its lifetime
     E0476, // lifetime of the source pointer does not outlive lifetime bound...
-    E0477, // the type `..` does not fulfill the required lifetime...
     E0479, // the type `..` (provided as the value of a type parameter) is...
     E0480, // lifetime of method receiver does not outlive the method call
     E0481, // lifetime of function argument does not outlive the function call
diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0477.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0477.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..794456451ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0477.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+The type does not fulfill the required lifetime.
+
+Erroneous code example:
+
+```compile_fail,E0477
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+struct MyString<'a> {
+    data: &'a str,
+}
+
+fn i_want_static_closure<F>(a: F)
+    where F: Fn() + 'static {}
+
+fn print_string<'a>(s: Mutex<MyString<'a>>) {
+
+    i_want_static_closure(move || {     // error: this closure has lifetime 'a
+                                        //        rather than 'static
+        println!("{}", s.lock().unwrap().data);
+    });
+}
+```
+
+In this example, the closure does not satisfy the `'static` lifetime constraint.
+To fix this error, you need to double check the lifetime of the type. Here, we
+can fix this problem by giving `s` a static lifetime:
+
+```
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+struct MyString<'a> {
+    data: &'a str,
+}
+
+fn i_want_static_closure<F>(a: F)
+    where F: Fn() + 'static {}
+
+fn print_string(s: Mutex<MyString<'static>>) {
+
+    i_want_static_closure(move || {     // error: this closure has lifetime 'a
+                                        //        rather than 'static
+        println!("{}", s.lock().unwrap().data);
+    });
+}
+```
diff --git a/src/librustc_interface/passes.rs b/src/librustc_interface/passes.rs
index 57fd2fb6d27..c30f3e68110 100644
--- a/src/librustc_interface/passes.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_interface/passes.rs
@@ -686,7 +686,6 @@ pub fn default_provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers<'_>) {
     stability::provide(providers);
     rustc_passes::provide(providers);
     rustc_traits::provide(providers);
-    middle::region::provide(providers);
     rustc_metadata::provide(providers);
     lint::provide(providers);
     rustc_lint::provide(providers);
diff --git a/src/librustc_passes/lib.rs b/src/librustc_passes/lib.rs
index da781f2bae5..8a10c8fe89d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_passes/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_passes/lib.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ mod lib_features;
 mod liveness;
 pub mod loops;
 mod reachable;
+mod region;
 
 pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
     check_const::provide(providers);
@@ -41,4 +42,5 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
     liveness::provide(providers);
     intrinsicck::provide(providers);
     reachable::provide(providers);
+    region::provide(providers);
 }
diff --git a/src/librustc_passes/region.rs b/src/librustc_passes/region.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7630e3e8950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/librustc_passes/region.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,835 @@
+//! This file builds up the `ScopeTree`, which describes
+//! the parent links in the region hierarchy.
+//!
+//! For more information about how MIR-based region-checking works,
+//! see the [rustc guide].
+//!
+//! [rustc guide]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rustc-guide/mir/borrowck.html
+
+use rustc::hir;
+use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc::hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
+use rustc::hir::Node;
+use rustc::hir::{Arm, Block, Expr, Local, Pat, PatKind, Stmt};
+use rustc::middle::region::*;
+use rustc::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc::ty::TyCtxt;
+use rustc::util::nodemap::FxHashSet;
+
+use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
+use syntax::source_map;
+use syntax_pos::Span;
+
+use std::mem;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Context {
+    /// The root of the current region tree. This is typically the id
+    /// of the innermost fn body. Each fn forms its own disjoint tree
+    /// in the region hierarchy. These fn bodies are themselves
+    /// arranged into a tree. See the "Modeling closures" section of
+    /// the README in `infer::region_constraints` for more
+    /// details.
+    root_id: Option<hir::ItemLocalId>,
+
+    /// The scope that contains any new variables declared, plus its depth in
+    /// the scope tree.
+    var_parent: Option<(Scope, ScopeDepth)>,
+
+    /// Region parent of expressions, etc., plus its depth in the scope tree.
+    parent: Option<(Scope, ScopeDepth)>,
+}
+
+struct RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+
+    // The number of expressions and patterns visited in the current body.
+    expr_and_pat_count: usize,
+    // When this is `true`, we record the `Scopes` we encounter
+    // when processing a Yield expression. This allows us to fix
+    // up their indices.
+    pessimistic_yield: bool,
+    // Stores scopes when `pessimistic_yield` is `true`.
+    fixup_scopes: Vec<Scope>,
+    // The generated scope tree.
+    scope_tree: ScopeTree,
+
+    cx: Context,
+
+    /// `terminating_scopes` is a set containing the ids of each
+    /// statement, or conditional/repeating expression. These scopes
+    /// are calling "terminating scopes" because, when attempting to
+    /// find the scope of a temporary, by default we search up the
+    /// enclosing scopes until we encounter the terminating scope. A
+    /// conditional/repeating expression is one which is not
+    /// guaranteed to execute exactly once upon entering the parent
+    /// scope. This could be because the expression only executes
+    /// conditionally, such as the expression `b` in `a && b`, or
+    /// because the expression may execute many times, such as a loop
+    /// body. The reason that we distinguish such expressions is that,
+    /// upon exiting the parent scope, we cannot statically know how
+    /// many times the expression executed, and thus if the expression
+    /// creates temporaries we cannot know statically how many such
+    /// temporaries we would have to cleanup. Therefore, we ensure that
+    /// the temporaries never outlast the conditional/repeating
+    /// expression, preventing the need for dynamic checks and/or
+    /// arbitrary amounts of stack space. Terminating scopes end
+    /// up being contained in a DestructionScope that contains the
+    /// destructor's execution.
+    terminating_scopes: FxHashSet<hir::ItemLocalId>,
+}
+
+/// Records the lifetime of a local variable as `cx.var_parent`
+fn record_var_lifetime(
+    visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'_>,
+    var_id: hir::ItemLocalId,
+    _sp: Span,
+) {
+    match visitor.cx.var_parent {
+        None => {
+            // this can happen in extern fn declarations like
+            //
+            // extern fn isalnum(c: c_int) -> c_int
+        }
+        Some((parent_scope, _)) => visitor.scope_tree.record_var_scope(var_id, parent_scope),
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_block<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, blk: &'tcx hir::Block<'tcx>) {
+    debug!("resolve_block(blk.hir_id={:?})", blk.hir_id);
+
+    let prev_cx = visitor.cx;
+
+    // We treat the tail expression in the block (if any) somewhat
+    // differently from the statements. The issue has to do with
+    // temporary lifetimes. Consider the following:
+    //
+    //    quux({
+    //        let inner = ... (&bar()) ...;
+    //
+    //        (... (&foo()) ...) // (the tail expression)
+    //    }, other_argument());
+    //
+    // Each of the statements within the block is a terminating
+    // scope, and thus a temporary (e.g., the result of calling
+    // `bar()` in the initializer expression for `let inner = ...;`)
+    // will be cleaned up immediately after its corresponding
+    // statement (i.e., `let inner = ...;`) executes.
+    //
+    // On the other hand, temporaries associated with evaluating the
+    // tail expression for the block are assigned lifetimes so that
+    // they will be cleaned up as part of the terminating scope
+    // *surrounding* the block expression. Here, the terminating
+    // scope for the block expression is the `quux(..)` call; so
+    // those temporaries will only be cleaned up *after* both
+    // `other_argument()` has run and also the call to `quux(..)`
+    // itself has returned.
+
+    visitor.enter_node_scope_with_dtor(blk.hir_id.local_id);
+    visitor.cx.var_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
+
+    {
+        // This block should be kept approximately in sync with
+        // `intravisit::walk_block`. (We manually walk the block, rather
+        // than call `walk_block`, in order to maintain precise
+        // index information.)
+
+        for (i, statement) in blk.stmts.iter().enumerate() {
+            match statement.kind {
+                hir::StmtKind::Local(..) | hir::StmtKind::Item(..) => {
+                    // Each declaration introduces a subscope for bindings
+                    // introduced by the declaration; this subscope covers a
+                    // suffix of the block. Each subscope in a block has the
+                    // previous subscope in the block as a parent, except for
+                    // the first such subscope, which has the block itself as a
+                    // parent.
+                    visitor.enter_scope(Scope {
+                        id: blk.hir_id.local_id,
+                        data: ScopeData::Remainder(FirstStatementIndex::new(i)),
+                    });
+                    visitor.cx.var_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
+                }
+                hir::StmtKind::Expr(..) | hir::StmtKind::Semi(..) => {}
+            }
+            visitor.visit_stmt(statement)
+        }
+        walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, &blk.expr);
+    }
+
+    visitor.cx = prev_cx;
+}
+
+fn resolve_arm<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, arm: &'tcx hir::Arm<'tcx>) {
+    let prev_cx = visitor.cx;
+
+    visitor.enter_scope(Scope { id: arm.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Node });
+    visitor.cx.var_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
+
+    visitor.terminating_scopes.insert(arm.body.hir_id.local_id);
+
+    if let Some(hir::Guard::If(ref expr)) = arm.guard {
+        visitor.terminating_scopes.insert(expr.hir_id.local_id);
+    }
+
+    intravisit::walk_arm(visitor, arm);
+
+    visitor.cx = prev_cx;
+}
+
+fn resolve_pat<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, pat: &'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>) {
+    visitor.record_child_scope(Scope { id: pat.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Node });
+
+    // If this is a binding then record the lifetime of that binding.
+    if let PatKind::Binding(..) = pat.kind {
+        record_var_lifetime(visitor, pat.hir_id.local_id, pat.span);
+    }
+
+    debug!("resolve_pat - pre-increment {} pat = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, pat);
+
+    intravisit::walk_pat(visitor, pat);
+
+    visitor.expr_and_pat_count += 1;
+
+    debug!("resolve_pat - post-increment {} pat = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, pat);
+}
+
+fn resolve_stmt<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, stmt: &'tcx hir::Stmt<'tcx>) {
+    let stmt_id = stmt.hir_id.local_id;
+    debug!("resolve_stmt(stmt.id={:?})", stmt_id);
+
+    // Every statement will clean up the temporaries created during
+    // execution of that statement. Therefore each statement has an
+    // associated destruction scope that represents the scope of the
+    // statement plus its destructors, and thus the scope for which
+    // regions referenced by the destructors need to survive.
+    visitor.terminating_scopes.insert(stmt_id);
+
+    let prev_parent = visitor.cx.parent;
+    visitor.enter_node_scope_with_dtor(stmt_id);
+
+    intravisit::walk_stmt(visitor, stmt);
+
+    visitor.cx.parent = prev_parent;
+}
+
+fn resolve_expr<'tcx>(visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>) {
+    debug!("resolve_expr - pre-increment {} expr = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, expr);
+
+    let prev_cx = visitor.cx;
+    visitor.enter_node_scope_with_dtor(expr.hir_id.local_id);
+
+    {
+        let terminating_scopes = &mut visitor.terminating_scopes;
+        let mut terminating = |id: hir::ItemLocalId| {
+            terminating_scopes.insert(id);
+        };
+        match expr.kind {
+            // Conditional or repeating scopes are always terminating
+            // scopes, meaning that temporaries cannot outlive them.
+            // This ensures fixed size stacks.
+            hir::ExprKind::Binary(
+                source_map::Spanned { node: hir::BinOpKind::And, .. },
+                _,
+                ref r,
+            )
+            | hir::ExprKind::Binary(
+                source_map::Spanned { node: hir::BinOpKind::Or, .. },
+                _,
+                ref r,
+            ) => {
+                // For shortcircuiting operators, mark the RHS as a terminating
+                // scope since it only executes conditionally.
+                terminating(r.hir_id.local_id);
+            }
+
+            hir::ExprKind::Loop(ref body, _, _) => {
+                terminating(body.hir_id.local_id);
+            }
+
+            hir::ExprKind::DropTemps(ref expr) => {
+                // `DropTemps(expr)` does not denote a conditional scope.
+                // Rather, we want to achieve the same behavior as `{ let _t = expr; _t }`.
+                terminating(expr.hir_id.local_id);
+            }
+
+            hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(..)
+            | hir::ExprKind::Index(..)
+            | hir::ExprKind::Unary(..)
+            | hir::ExprKind::Call(..)
+            | hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => {
+                // FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/811) Nested method calls
+                //
+                // The lifetimes for a call or method call look as follows:
+                //
+                // call.id
+                // - arg0.id
+                // - ...
+                // - argN.id
+                // - call.callee_id
+                //
+                // The idea is that call.callee_id represents *the time when
+                // the invoked function is actually running* and call.id
+                // represents *the time to prepare the arguments and make the
+                // call*.  See the section "Borrows in Calls" borrowck/README.md
+                // for an extended explanation of why this distinction is
+                // important.
+                //
+                // record_superlifetime(new_cx, expr.callee_id);
+            }
+
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    let prev_pessimistic = visitor.pessimistic_yield;
+
+    // Ordinarily, we can rely on the visit order of HIR intravisit
+    // to correspond to the actual execution order of statements.
+    // However, there's a weird corner case with compund assignment
+    // operators (e.g. `a += b`). The evaluation order depends on whether
+    // or not the operator is overloaded (e.g. whether or not a trait
+    // like AddAssign is implemented).
+
+    // For primitive types (which, despite having a trait impl, don't actually
+    // end up calling it), the evluation order is right-to-left. For example,
+    // the following code snippet:
+    //
+    //    let y = &mut 0;
+    //    *{println!("LHS!"); y} += {println!("RHS!"); 1};
+    //
+    // will print:
+    //
+    // RHS!
+    // LHS!
+    //
+    // However, if the operator is used on a non-primitive type,
+    // the evaluation order will be left-to-right, since the operator
+    // actually get desugared to a method call. For example, this
+    // nearly identical code snippet:
+    //
+    //     let y = &mut String::new();
+    //    *{println!("LHS String"); y} += {println!("RHS String"); "hi"};
+    //
+    // will print:
+    // LHS String
+    // RHS String
+    //
+    // To determine the actual execution order, we need to perform
+    // trait resolution. Unfortunately, we need to be able to compute
+    // yield_in_scope before type checking is even done, as it gets
+    // used by AST borrowcheck.
+    //
+    // Fortunately, we don't need to know the actual execution order.
+    // It suffices to know the 'worst case' order with respect to yields.
+    // Specifically, we need to know the highest 'expr_and_pat_count'
+    // that we could assign to the yield expression. To do this,
+    // we pick the greater of the two values from the left-hand
+    // and right-hand expressions. This makes us overly conservative
+    // about what types could possibly live across yield points,
+    // but we will never fail to detect that a type does actually
+    // live across a yield point. The latter part is critical -
+    // we're already overly conservative about what types will live
+    // across yield points, as the generated MIR will determine
+    // when things are actually live. However, for typecheck to work
+    // properly, we can't miss any types.
+
+    match expr.kind {
+        // Manually recurse over closures, because they are the only
+        // case of nested bodies that share the parent environment.
+        hir::ExprKind::Closure(.., body, _, _) => {
+            let body = visitor.tcx.hir().body(body);
+            visitor.visit_body(body);
+        }
+        hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(_, ref left_expr, ref right_expr) => {
+            debug!(
+                "resolve_expr - enabling pessimistic_yield, was previously {}",
+                prev_pessimistic
+            );
+
+            let start_point = visitor.fixup_scopes.len();
+            visitor.pessimistic_yield = true;
+
+            // If the actual execution order turns out to be right-to-left,
+            // then we're fine. However, if the actual execution order is left-to-right,
+            // then we'll assign too low a count to any `yield` expressions
+            // we encounter in 'right_expression' - they should really occur after all of the
+            // expressions in 'left_expression'.
+            visitor.visit_expr(&right_expr);
+            visitor.pessimistic_yield = prev_pessimistic;
+
+            debug!("resolve_expr - restoring pessimistic_yield to {}", prev_pessimistic);
+            visitor.visit_expr(&left_expr);
+            debug!("resolve_expr - fixing up counts to {}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count);
+
+            // Remove and process any scopes pushed by the visitor
+            let target_scopes = visitor.fixup_scopes.drain(start_point..);
+
+            for scope in target_scopes {
+                let mut yield_data = visitor.scope_tree.yield_in_scope.get_mut(&scope).unwrap();
+                let count = yield_data.expr_and_pat_count;
+                let span = yield_data.span;
+
+                // expr_and_pat_count never decreases. Since we recorded counts in yield_in_scope
+                // before walking the left-hand side, it should be impossible for the recorded
+                // count to be greater than the left-hand side count.
+                if count > visitor.expr_and_pat_count {
+                    bug!(
+                        "Encountered greater count {} at span {:?} - expected no greater than {}",
+                        count,
+                        span,
+                        visitor.expr_and_pat_count
+                    );
+                }
+                let new_count = visitor.expr_and_pat_count;
+                debug!(
+                    "resolve_expr - increasing count for scope {:?} from {} to {} at span {:?}",
+                    scope, count, new_count, span
+                );
+
+                yield_data.expr_and_pat_count = new_count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        _ => intravisit::walk_expr(visitor, expr),
+    }
+
+    visitor.expr_and_pat_count += 1;
+
+    debug!("resolve_expr post-increment {}, expr = {:?}", visitor.expr_and_pat_count, expr);
+
+    if let hir::ExprKind::Yield(_, source) = &expr.kind {
+        // Mark this expr's scope and all parent scopes as containing `yield`.
+        let mut scope = Scope { id: expr.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Node };
+        loop {
+            let data = YieldData {
+                span: expr.span,
+                expr_and_pat_count: visitor.expr_and_pat_count,
+                source: *source,
+            };
+            visitor.scope_tree.yield_in_scope.insert(scope, data);
+            if visitor.pessimistic_yield {
+                debug!("resolve_expr in pessimistic_yield - marking scope {:?} for fixup", scope);
+                visitor.fixup_scopes.push(scope);
+            }
+
+            // Keep traversing up while we can.
+            match visitor.scope_tree.parent_map.get(&scope) {
+                // Don't cross from closure bodies to their parent.
+                Some(&(superscope, _)) => match superscope.data {
+                    ScopeData::CallSite => break,
+                    _ => scope = superscope,
+                },
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    visitor.cx = prev_cx;
+}
+
+fn resolve_local<'tcx>(
+    visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>,
+    pat: Option<&'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>>,
+    init: Option<&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>>,
+) {
+    debug!("resolve_local(pat={:?}, init={:?})", pat, init);
+
+    let blk_scope = visitor.cx.var_parent.map(|(p, _)| p);
+
+    // As an exception to the normal rules governing temporary
+    // lifetimes, initializers in a let have a temporary lifetime
+    // of the enclosing block. This means that e.g., a program
+    // like the following is legal:
+    //
+    //     let ref x = HashMap::new();
+    //
+    // Because the hash map will be freed in the enclosing block.
+    //
+    // We express the rules more formally based on 3 grammars (defined
+    // fully in the helpers below that implement them):
+    //
+    // 1. `E&`, which matches expressions like `&<rvalue>` that
+    //    own a pointer into the stack.
+    //
+    // 2. `P&`, which matches patterns like `ref x` or `(ref x, ref
+    //    y)` that produce ref bindings into the value they are
+    //    matched against or something (at least partially) owned by
+    //    the value they are matched against. (By partially owned,
+    //    I mean that creating a binding into a ref-counted or managed value
+    //    would still count.)
+    //
+    // 3. `ET`, which matches both rvalues like `foo()` as well as places
+    //    based on rvalues like `foo().x[2].y`.
+    //
+    // A subexpression `<rvalue>` that appears in a let initializer
+    // `let pat [: ty] = expr` has an extended temporary lifetime if
+    // any of the following conditions are met:
+    //
+    // A. `pat` matches `P&` and `expr` matches `ET`
+    //    (covers cases where `pat` creates ref bindings into an rvalue
+    //     produced by `expr`)
+    // B. `ty` is a borrowed pointer and `expr` matches `ET`
+    //    (covers cases where coercion creates a borrow)
+    // C. `expr` matches `E&`
+    //    (covers cases `expr` borrows an rvalue that is then assigned
+    //     to memory (at least partially) owned by the binding)
+    //
+    // Here are some examples hopefully giving an intuition where each
+    // rule comes into play and why:
+    //
+    // Rule A. `let (ref x, ref y) = (foo().x, 44)`. The rvalue `(22, 44)`
+    // would have an extended lifetime, but not `foo()`.
+    //
+    // Rule B. `let x = &foo().x`. The rvalue `foo()` would have extended
+    // lifetime.
+    //
+    // In some cases, multiple rules may apply (though not to the same
+    // rvalue). For example:
+    //
+    //     let ref x = [&a(), &b()];
+    //
+    // Here, the expression `[...]` has an extended lifetime due to rule
+    // A, but the inner rvalues `a()` and `b()` have an extended lifetime
+    // due to rule C.
+
+    if let Some(expr) = init {
+        record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &expr, blk_scope);
+
+        if let Some(pat) = pat {
+            if is_binding_pat(pat) {
+                record_rvalue_scope(visitor, &expr, blk_scope);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Make sure we visit the initializer first, so expr_and_pat_count remains correct
+    if let Some(expr) = init {
+        visitor.visit_expr(expr);
+    }
+    if let Some(pat) = pat {
+        visitor.visit_pat(pat);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `pat` match the `P&` non-terminal.
+    ///
+    /// ```text
+    ///     P& = ref X
+    ///        | StructName { ..., P&, ... }
+    ///        | VariantName(..., P&, ...)
+    ///        | [ ..., P&, ... ]
+    ///        | ( ..., P&, ... )
+    ///        | ... "|" P& "|" ...
+    ///        | box P&
+    /// ```
+    fn is_binding_pat(pat: &hir::Pat<'_>) -> bool {
+        // Note that the code below looks for *explicit* refs only, that is, it won't
+        // know about *implicit* refs as introduced in #42640.
+        //
+        // This is not a problem. For example, consider
+        //
+        //      let (ref x, ref y) = (Foo { .. }, Bar { .. });
+        //
+        // Due to the explicit refs on the left hand side, the below code would signal
+        // that the temporary value on the right hand side should live until the end of
+        // the enclosing block (as opposed to being dropped after the let is complete).
+        //
+        // To create an implicit ref, however, you must have a borrowed value on the RHS
+        // already, as in this example (which won't compile before #42640):
+        //
+        //      let Foo { x, .. } = &Foo { x: ..., ... };
+        //
+        // in place of
+        //
+        //      let Foo { ref x, .. } = Foo { ... };
+        //
+        // In the former case (the implicit ref version), the temporary is created by the
+        // & expression, and its lifetime would be extended to the end of the block (due
+        // to a different rule, not the below code).
+        match pat.kind {
+            PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Ref, ..)
+            | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::RefMut, ..) => true,
+
+            PatKind::Struct(_, ref field_pats, _) => {
+                field_pats.iter().any(|fp| is_binding_pat(&fp.pat))
+            }
+
+            PatKind::Slice(ref pats1, ref pats2, ref pats3) => {
+                pats1.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p))
+                    || pats2.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p))
+                    || pats3.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p))
+            }
+
+            PatKind::Or(ref subpats)
+            | PatKind::TupleStruct(_, ref subpats, _)
+            | PatKind::Tuple(ref subpats, _) => subpats.iter().any(|p| is_binding_pat(&p)),
+
+            PatKind::Box(ref subpat) => is_binding_pat(&subpat),
+
+            PatKind::Ref(_, _)
+            | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Unannotated, ..)
+            | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Mutable, ..)
+            | PatKind::Wild
+            | PatKind::Path(_)
+            | PatKind::Lit(_)
+            | PatKind::Range(_, _, _) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If `expr` matches the `E&` grammar, then records an extended rvalue scope as appropriate:
+    ///
+    /// ```text
+    ///     E& = & ET
+    ///        | StructName { ..., f: E&, ... }
+    ///        | [ ..., E&, ... ]
+    ///        | ( ..., E&, ... )
+    ///        | {...; E&}
+    ///        | box E&
+    ///        | E& as ...
+    ///        | ( E& )
+    /// ```
+    fn record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr<'tcx>(
+        visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>,
+        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
+        blk_id: Option<Scope>,
+    ) {
+        match expr.kind {
+            hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, ref subexpr) => {
+                record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
+                record_rvalue_scope(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
+            }
+            hir::ExprKind::Struct(_, fields, _) => {
+                for field in fields {
+                    record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &field.expr, blk_id);
+                }
+            }
+            hir::ExprKind::Array(subexprs) | hir::ExprKind::Tup(subexprs) => {
+                for subexpr in subexprs {
+                    record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
+                }
+            }
+            hir::ExprKind::Cast(ref subexpr, _) => {
+                record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id)
+            }
+            hir::ExprKind::Block(ref block, _) => {
+                if let Some(ref subexpr) = block.expr {
+                    record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, &subexpr, blk_id);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Applied to an expression `expr` if `expr` -- or something owned or partially owned by
+    /// `expr` -- is going to be indirectly referenced by a variable in a let statement. In that
+    /// case, the "temporary lifetime" or `expr` is extended to be the block enclosing the `let`
+    /// statement.
+    ///
+    /// More formally, if `expr` matches the grammar `ET`, record the rvalue scope of the matching
+    /// `<rvalue>` as `blk_id`:
+    ///
+    /// ```text
+    ///     ET = *ET
+    ///        | ET[...]
+    ///        | ET.f
+    ///        | (ET)
+    ///        | <rvalue>
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Note: ET is intended to match "rvalues or places based on rvalues".
+    fn record_rvalue_scope<'tcx>(
+        visitor: &mut RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx>,
+        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
+        blk_scope: Option<Scope>,
+    ) {
+        let mut expr = expr;
+        loop {
+            // Note: give all the expressions matching `ET` with the
+            // extended temporary lifetime, not just the innermost rvalue,
+            // because in codegen if we must compile e.g., `*rvalue()`
+            // into a temporary, we request the temporary scope of the
+            // outer expression.
+            visitor.scope_tree.record_rvalue_scope(expr.hir_id.local_id, blk_scope);
+
+            match expr.kind {
+                hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, ref subexpr)
+                | hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnDeref, ref subexpr)
+                | hir::ExprKind::Field(ref subexpr, _)
+                | hir::ExprKind::Index(ref subexpr, _) => {
+                    expr = &subexpr;
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx> {
+    /// Records the current parent (if any) as the parent of `child_scope`.
+    /// Returns the depth of `child_scope`.
+    fn record_child_scope(&mut self, child_scope: Scope) -> ScopeDepth {
+        let parent = self.cx.parent;
+        self.scope_tree.record_scope_parent(child_scope, parent);
+        // If `child_scope` has no parent, it must be the root node, and so has
+        // a depth of 1. Otherwise, its depth is one more than its parent's.
+        parent.map_or(1, |(_p, d)| d + 1)
+    }
+
+    /// Records the current parent (if any) as the parent of `child_scope`,
+    /// and sets `child_scope` as the new current parent.
+    fn enter_scope(&mut self, child_scope: Scope) {
+        let child_depth = self.record_child_scope(child_scope);
+        self.cx.parent = Some((child_scope, child_depth));
+    }
+
+    fn enter_node_scope_with_dtor(&mut self, id: hir::ItemLocalId) {
+        // If node was previously marked as a terminating scope during the
+        // recursive visit of its parent node in the AST, then we need to
+        // account for the destruction scope representing the scope of
+        // the destructors that run immediately after it completes.
+        if self.terminating_scopes.contains(&id) {
+            self.enter_scope(Scope { id, data: ScopeData::Destruction });
+        }
+        self.enter_scope(Scope { id, data: ScopeData::Node });
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for RegionResolutionVisitor<'tcx> {
+    fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'tcx> {
+        NestedVisitorMap::None
+    }
+
+    fn visit_block(&mut self, b: &'tcx Block<'tcx>) {
+        resolve_block(self, b);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_body(&mut self, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>) {
+        let body_id = body.id();
+        let owner_id = self.tcx.hir().body_owner(body_id);
+
+        debug!(
+            "visit_body(id={:?}, span={:?}, body.id={:?}, cx.parent={:?})",
+            owner_id,
+            self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_string(body.value.span),
+            body_id,
+            self.cx.parent
+        );
+
+        let outer_ec = mem::replace(&mut self.expr_and_pat_count, 0);
+        let outer_cx = self.cx;
+        let outer_ts = mem::take(&mut self.terminating_scopes);
+        self.terminating_scopes.insert(body.value.hir_id.local_id);
+
+        if let Some(root_id) = self.cx.root_id {
+            self.scope_tree.record_closure_parent(body.value.hir_id.local_id, root_id);
+        }
+        self.cx.root_id = Some(body.value.hir_id.local_id);
+
+        self.enter_scope(Scope { id: body.value.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::CallSite });
+        self.enter_scope(Scope { id: body.value.hir_id.local_id, data: ScopeData::Arguments });
+
+        // The arguments and `self` are parented to the fn.
+        self.cx.var_parent = self.cx.parent.take();
+        for param in body.params {
+            self.visit_pat(&param.pat);
+        }
+
+        // The body of the every fn is a root scope.
+        self.cx.parent = self.cx.var_parent;
+        if self.tcx.hir().body_owner_kind(owner_id).is_fn_or_closure() {
+            self.visit_expr(&body.value)
+        } else {
+            // Only functions have an outer terminating (drop) scope, while
+            // temporaries in constant initializers may be 'static, but only
+            // according to rvalue lifetime semantics, using the same
+            // syntactical rules used for let initializers.
+            //
+            // e.g., in `let x = &f();`, the temporary holding the result from
+            // the `f()` call lives for the entirety of the surrounding block.
+            //
+            // Similarly, `const X: ... = &f();` would have the result of `f()`
+            // live for `'static`, implying (if Drop restrictions on constants
+            // ever get lifted) that the value *could* have a destructor, but
+            // it'd get leaked instead of the destructor running during the
+            // evaluation of `X` (if at all allowed by CTFE).
+            //
+            // However, `const Y: ... = g(&f());`, like `let y = g(&f());`,
+            // would *not* let the `f()` temporary escape into an outer scope
+            // (i.e., `'static`), which means that after `g` returns, it drops,
+            // and all the associated destruction scope rules apply.
+            self.cx.var_parent = None;
+            resolve_local(self, None, Some(&body.value));
+        }
+
+        if body.generator_kind.is_some() {
+            self.scope_tree.body_expr_count.insert(body_id, self.expr_and_pat_count);
+        }
+
+        // Restore context we had at the start.
+        self.expr_and_pat_count = outer_ec;
+        self.cx = outer_cx;
+        self.terminating_scopes = outer_ts;
+    }
+
+    fn visit_arm(&mut self, a: &'tcx Arm<'tcx>) {
+        resolve_arm(self, a);
+    }
+    fn visit_pat(&mut self, p: &'tcx Pat<'tcx>) {
+        resolve_pat(self, p);
+    }
+    fn visit_stmt(&mut self, s: &'tcx Stmt<'tcx>) {
+        resolve_stmt(self, s);
+    }
+    fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
+        resolve_expr(self, ex);
+    }
+    fn visit_local(&mut self, l: &'tcx Local<'tcx>) {
+        resolve_local(self, Some(&l.pat), l.init.as_ref().map(|e| &**e));
+    }
+}
+
+fn region_scope_tree(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ScopeTree {
+    let closure_base_def_id = tcx.closure_base_def_id(def_id);
+    if closure_base_def_id != def_id {
+        return tcx.region_scope_tree(closure_base_def_id);
+    }
+
+    let id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id).unwrap();
+    let scope_tree = if let Some(body_id) = tcx.hir().maybe_body_owned_by(id) {
+        let mut visitor = RegionResolutionVisitor {
+            tcx,
+            scope_tree: ScopeTree::default(),
+            expr_and_pat_count: 0,
+            cx: Context { root_id: None, parent: None, var_parent: None },
+            terminating_scopes: Default::default(),
+            pessimistic_yield: false,
+            fixup_scopes: vec![],
+        };
+
+        let body = tcx.hir().body(body_id);
+        visitor.scope_tree.root_body = Some(body.value.hir_id);
+
+        // If the item is an associated const or a method,
+        // record its impl/trait parent, as it can also have
+        // lifetime parameters free in this body.
+        match tcx.hir().get(id) {
+            Node::ImplItem(_) | Node::TraitItem(_) => {
+                visitor.scope_tree.root_parent = Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(id));
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        visitor.visit_body(body);
+
+        visitor.scope_tree
+    } else {
+        ScopeTree::default()
+    };
+
+    tcx.arena.alloc(scope_tree)
+}
+
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers<'_>) {
+    *providers = Providers { region_scope_tree, ..*providers };
+}
diff --git a/src/librustc_session/config.rs b/src/librustc_session/config.rs
index 4fce25cafad..75bd6babe16 100644
--- a/src/librustc_session/config.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_session/config.rs
@@ -593,6 +593,12 @@ impl Options {
     }
 }
 
+impl DebuggingOptions {
+    pub fn ui_testing(&self) -> bool {
+        self.ui_testing.unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+}
+
 // The type of entry function, so users can have their own entry functions
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum EntryFnType {
diff --git a/src/librustc_session/options.rs b/src/librustc_session/options.rs
index 38c17bbbde7..3683daf7a87 100644
--- a/src/librustc_session/options.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_session/options.rs
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ options! {DebuggingOptions, DebuggingSetter, basic_debugging_options,
         `mir` (the MIR), or `mir-cfg` (graphviz formatted MIR)"),
     run_dsymutil: Option<bool> = (None, parse_opt_bool, [TRACKED],
         "run `dsymutil` and delete intermediate object files"),
-    ui_testing: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
+    ui_testing: Option<bool> = (None, parse_opt_bool, [UNTRACKED],
         "format compiler diagnostics in a way that's better suitable for UI testing"),
     embed_bitcode: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
         "embed LLVM bitcode in object files"),
diff --git a/src/librustc_session/session.rs b/src/librustc_session/session.rs
index 34149c22d2e..8e9de69539a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_session/session.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_session/session.rs
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ fn default_emitter(
                     short,
                     external_macro_backtrace,
                 );
-                Box::new(emitter.ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing))
+                Box::new(emitter.ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing()))
             } else {
                 let emitter = match dst {
                     None => EmitterWriter::stderr(
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ fn default_emitter(
                         external_macro_backtrace,
                     ),
                 };
-                Box::new(emitter.ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing))
+                Box::new(emitter.ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing()))
             }
         }
         (config::ErrorOutputType::Json { pretty, json_rendered }, None) => Box::new(
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ fn default_emitter(
                 json_rendered,
                 external_macro_backtrace,
             )
-            .ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing),
+            .ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing()),
         ),
         (config::ErrorOutputType::Json { pretty, json_rendered }, Some(dst)) => Box::new(
             JsonEmitter::new(
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ fn default_emitter(
                 json_rendered,
                 external_macro_backtrace,
             )
-            .ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing),
+            .ui_testing(sopts.debugging_opts.ui_testing()),
         ),
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/config.rs b/src/librustdoc/config.rs
index 7a3cf88f65e..25a892062fc 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/config.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/config.rs
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ impl Options {
             error_format,
             None,
             debugging_options.treat_err_as_bug,
-            debugging_options.ui_testing,
+            debugging_options.ui_testing(),
         );
 
         // check for deprecated options
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/lib.rs b/src/librustdoc/lib.rs
index fb289f8ab8a..b0496dabc72 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/lib.rs
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ fn main_options(options: config::Options) -> i32 {
         options.error_format,
         None,
         options.debugging_options.treat_err_as_bug,
-        options.debugging_options.ui_testing,
+        options.debugging_options.ui_testing(),
     );
 
     match (options.should_test, options.markdown_input()) {
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ fn main_options(options: config::Options) -> i32 {
     let diag_opts = (
         options.error_format,
         options.debugging_options.treat_err_as_bug,
-        options.debugging_options.ui_testing,
+        options.debugging_options.ui_testing(),
         options.edition,
     );
     let show_coverage = options.show_coverage;
diff --git a/src/test/ui/issues/issue-26217.stderr b/src/test/ui/issues/issue-26217.stderr
index 8bcc62ab2e7..be9da569f8b 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/issues/issue-26217.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/issues/issue-26217.stderr
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ LL |     foo::<&'a i32>();
 
 error: aborting due to previous error
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0477`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/issues/issue-54943.stderr b/src/test/ui/issues/issue-54943.stderr
index d0f03f90c83..62aacee8111 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/issues/issue-54943.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/issues/issue-54943.stderr
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ LL |     let x = foo::<&'a u32>();
 
 error: aborting due to previous error
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0477`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-impl-type-params.stderr b/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-impl-type-params.stderr
index 777a553c2a5..2075fdd311e 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-impl-type-params.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-impl-type-params.stderr
@@ -76,4 +76,5 @@ LL |     let a: Box<dyn Gettable<Foo>> = t;
 
 error: aborting due to 7 previous errors
 
-For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
+Some errors have detailed explanations: E0277, E0477.
+For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-send-object1.stderr b/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-send-object1.stderr
index 436b92637aa..b2e89087e38 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-send-object1.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/kindck/kindck-send-object1.stderr
@@ -33,4 +33,5 @@ LL |     assert_send::<Box<dyn Dummy + 'a>>();
 
 error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
 
-For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
+Some errors have detailed explanations: E0277, E0477.
+For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-by-trait-requiring-static.stderr b/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-by-trait-requiring-static.stderr
index fcd7332cf39..c72d6483c28 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-by-trait-requiring-static.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-by-trait-requiring-static.stderr
@@ -48,3 +48,4 @@ LL |     assert_send::<*mut &'a isize>();
 
 error: aborting due to 6 previous errors
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0477`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-method-type-parameters.stderr b/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-method-type-parameters.stderr
index f77f97f44f2..66b61b1349d 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-method-type-parameters.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/regions/regions-bounded-method-type-parameters.stderr
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ LL |     Foo.some_method::<&'a isize>();
 
 error: aborting due to previous error
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0477`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/ui-testing-optout.rs b/src/test/ui/ui-testing-optout.rs
index 041c0b0a85a..901263c5bf8 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/ui-testing-optout.rs
+++ b/src/test/ui/ui-testing-optout.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// disable-ui-testing-normalization
+// compile-flags: -Z ui-testing=no
 
 // Line number < 10
 type A = B; //~ ERROR
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
index 093ee662ce4..691b8d3ccfd 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
@@ -376,8 +376,6 @@ pub struct TestProps {
     pub fail_mode: Option<FailMode>,
     // rustdoc will test the output of the `--test` option
     pub check_test_line_numbers_match: bool,
-    // Do not pass `-Z ui-testing` to UI tests
-    pub disable_ui_testing_normalization: bool,
     // customized normalization rules
     pub normalize_stdout: Vec<(String, String)>,
     pub normalize_stderr: Vec<(String, String)>,
@@ -422,7 +420,6 @@ impl TestProps {
             fail_mode: None,
             ignore_pass: false,
             check_test_line_numbers_match: false,
-            disable_ui_testing_normalization: false,
             normalize_stdout: vec![],
             normalize_stderr: vec![],
             failure_status: -1,
@@ -569,11 +566,6 @@ impl TestProps {
                 self.ignore_pass = config.parse_ignore_pass(ln);
             }
 
-            if !self.disable_ui_testing_normalization {
-                self.disable_ui_testing_normalization =
-                    config.parse_disable_ui_testing_normalization(ln);
-            }
-
             if let Some(rule) = config.parse_custom_normalization(ln, "normalize-stdout") {
                 self.normalize_stdout.push(rule);
             }
@@ -826,10 +818,6 @@ impl Config {
         }
     }
 
-    fn parse_disable_ui_testing_normalization(&self, line: &str) -> bool {
-        self.parse_name_directive(line, "disable-ui-testing-normalization")
-    }
-
     fn parse_check_test_line_numbers_match(&self, line: &str) -> bool {
         self.parse_name_directive(line, "check-test-line-numbers-match")
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
index 02225d0ea01..226a12c6734 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
@@ -1863,17 +1863,13 @@ impl<'test> TestCx<'test> {
                 if self.props.error_patterns.is_empty() {
                     rustc.args(&["--error-format", "json"]);
                 }
-                if !self.props.disable_ui_testing_normalization {
-                    rustc.arg("-Zui-testing");
-                }
+                rustc.arg("-Zui-testing");
             }
             Ui => {
                 if !self.props.compile_flags.iter().any(|s| s.starts_with("--error-format")) {
                     rustc.args(&["--error-format", "json"]);
                 }
-                if !self.props.disable_ui_testing_normalization {
-                    rustc.arg("-Zui-testing");
-                }
+                rustc.arg("-Zui-testing");
             }
             MirOpt => {
                 rustc.args(&[