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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs158
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs721
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs225
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/consts/const_in_pattern/issue-78057.stderr5
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/consts-opaque.stderr58
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/integer-ranges/reachability.stderr4
6 files changed, 667 insertions, 504 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
index 42645fca3aa..08f8850e78e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+use super::deconstruct_pat::{Constructor, DeconstructedPat};
 use super::usefulness::{
-    compute_match_usefulness, expand_pattern, is_wildcard, MatchArm, MatchCheckCtxt, Reachability,
-    UsefulnessReport,
+    compute_match_usefulness, MatchArm, MatchCheckCtxt, Reachability, UsefulnessReport,
 };
 use super::{PatCtxt, PatternError};
 
@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@ use rustc_hir::def::*;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{HirId, Pat};
-use rustc_middle::thir::PatKind;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtDef, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
     BINDINGS_WITH_VARIANT_NAME, IRREFUTABLE_LET_PATTERNS, UNREACHABLE_PATTERNS,
 };
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::{DesugaringKind, ExpnKind, Span};
-use std::slice;
 
 crate fn check_match(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) {
     let body_id = match def_id.as_local() {
@@ -27,11 +25,12 @@ crate fn check_match(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) {
         Some(id) => tcx.hir().body_owned_by(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(id)),
     };
 
+    let pattern_arena = TypedArena::default();
     let mut visitor = MatchVisitor {
         tcx,
         typeck_results: tcx.typeck_body(body_id),
         param_env: tcx.param_env(def_id),
-        pattern_arena: TypedArena::default(),
+        pattern_arena: &pattern_arena,
     };
     visitor.visit_body(tcx.hir().body(body_id));
 }
@@ -40,14 +39,14 @@ fn create_e0004(sess: &Session, sp: Span, error_message: String) -> DiagnosticBu
     struct_span_err!(sess, sp, E0004, "{}", &error_message)
 }
 
-struct MatchVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
+struct MatchVisitor<'a, 'p, 'tcx> {
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     typeck_results: &'a ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    pattern_arena: TypedArena<super::Pat<'tcx>>,
+    pattern_arena: &'p TypedArena<DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for MatchVisitor<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
     type Map = intravisit::ErasedMap<'tcx>;
 
     fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
@@ -113,31 +112,30 @@ impl PatCtxt<'_, '_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
+impl<'p, 'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'p, 'tcx> {
     fn check_patterns(&self, pat: &Pat<'_>) {
         pat.walk_always(|pat| check_borrow_conflicts_in_at_patterns(self, pat));
         check_for_bindings_named_same_as_variants(self, pat);
     }
 
-    fn lower_pattern<'p>(
+    fn lower_pattern(
         &self,
         cx: &mut MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
         pat: &'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>,
         have_errors: &mut bool,
-    ) -> (&'p super::Pat<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>) {
+    ) -> &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
         let mut patcx = PatCtxt::new(self.tcx, self.param_env, self.typeck_results);
         patcx.include_lint_checks();
         let pattern = patcx.lower_pattern(pat);
-        let pattern_ty = pattern.ty;
-        let pattern: &_ = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(expand_pattern(pattern));
+        let pattern: &_ = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(DeconstructedPat::from_pat(cx, &pattern));
         if !patcx.errors.is_empty() {
             *have_errors = true;
             patcx.report_inlining_errors();
         }
-        (pattern, pattern_ty)
+        pattern
     }
 
-    fn new_cx(&self, hir_id: HirId) -> MatchCheckCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
+    fn new_cx(&self, hir_id: HirId) -> MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx> {
         MatchCheckCtxt {
             tcx: self.tcx,
             param_env: self.param_env,
@@ -149,8 +147,8 @@ impl<'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
     fn check_let(&mut self, pat: &'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, span: Span) {
         self.check_patterns(pat);
         let mut cx = self.new_cx(expr.hir_id);
-        let tpat = self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut false).0;
-        check_let_reachability(&mut cx, pat.hir_id, &tpat, span);
+        let tpat = self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut false);
+        check_let_reachability(&mut cx, pat.hir_id, tpat, span);
     }
 
     fn check_match(
@@ -166,8 +164,8 @@ impl<'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
             self.check_patterns(&arm.pat);
             if let Some(hir::Guard::IfLet(ref pat, _)) = arm.guard {
                 self.check_patterns(pat);
-                let tpat = self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut false).0;
-                check_let_reachability(&mut cx, pat.hir_id, &tpat, tpat.span);
+                let tpat = self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut false);
+                check_let_reachability(&mut cx, pat.hir_id, tpat, tpat.span());
             }
         }
 
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
         let arms: Vec<_> = arms
             .iter()
             .map(|hir::Arm { pat, guard, .. }| MatchArm {
-                pat: self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut have_errors).0,
+                pat: self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut have_errors),
                 hir_id: pat.hir_id,
                 has_guard: guard.is_some(),
             })
@@ -210,7 +208,8 @@ impl<'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
     fn check_irrefutable(&self, pat: &'tcx Pat<'tcx>, origin: &str, sp: Option<Span>) {
         let mut cx = self.new_cx(pat.hir_id);
 
-        let (pattern, pattern_ty) = self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut false);
+        let pattern = self.lower_pattern(&mut cx, pat, &mut false);
+        let pattern_ty = pattern.ty();
         let arms = vec![MatchArm { pat: pattern, hir_id: pat.hir_id, has_guard: false }];
         let report = compute_match_usefulness(&cx, &arms, pat.hir_id, pattern_ty);
 
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
             return;
         }
 
-        let joined_patterns = joined_uncovered_patterns(&witnesses);
+        let joined_patterns = joined_uncovered_patterns(&cx, &witnesses);
         let mut err = struct_span_err!(
             self.tcx.sess,
             pat.span,
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ fn const_not_var(
     }
 }
 
-fn check_for_bindings_named_same_as_variants(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_>, pat: &Pat<'_>) {
+fn check_for_bindings_named_same_as_variants(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_, '_>, pat: &Pat<'_>) {
     pat.walk_always(|p| {
         if let hir::PatKind::Binding(_, _, ident, None) = p.kind {
             if let Some(ty::BindByValue(hir::Mutability::Not)) =
@@ -340,12 +339,11 @@ fn check_for_bindings_named_same_as_variants(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_>, pat: &Pa
 }
 
 /// Checks for common cases of "catchall" patterns that may not be intended as such.
-fn pat_is_catchall(pat: &super::Pat<'_>) -> bool {
-    use PatKind::*;
-    match &*pat.kind {
-        Binding { subpattern: None, .. } => true,
-        Binding { subpattern: Some(s), .. } | Deref { subpattern: s } => pat_is_catchall(s),
-        Leaf { subpatterns: s } => s.iter().all(|p| pat_is_catchall(&p.pattern)),
+fn pat_is_catchall(pat: &DeconstructedPat<'_, '_>) -> bool {
+    use Constructor::*;
+    match pat.ctor() {
+        Wildcard => true,
+        Single => pat.iter_fields().all(|pat| pat_is_catchall(pat)),
         _ => false,
     }
 }
@@ -424,11 +422,11 @@ fn irrefutable_let_pattern(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, id: HirId, span: Span) {
 fn check_let_reachability<'p, 'tcx>(
     cx: &mut MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
     pat_id: HirId,
-    pat: &'p super::Pat<'tcx>,
+    pat: &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>,
     span: Span,
 ) {
     let arms = [MatchArm { pat, hir_id: pat_id, has_guard: false }];
-    let report = compute_match_usefulness(&cx, &arms, pat_id, pat.ty);
+    let report = compute_match_usefulness(&cx, &arms, pat_id, pat.ty());
 
     // Report if the pattern is unreachable, which can only occur when the type is uninhabited.
     // This also reports unreachable sub-patterns though, so we can't just replace it with an
@@ -450,7 +448,7 @@ fn report_arm_reachability<'p, 'tcx>(
     let mut catchall = None;
     for (arm, is_useful) in report.arm_usefulness.iter() {
         match is_useful {
-            Unreachable => unreachable_pattern(cx.tcx, arm.pat.span, arm.hir_id, catchall),
+            Unreachable => unreachable_pattern(cx.tcx, arm.pat.span(), arm.hir_id, catchall),
             Reachable(unreachables) if unreachables.is_empty() => {}
             // The arm is reachable, but contains unreachable subpatterns (from or-patterns).
             Reachable(unreachables) => {
@@ -463,7 +461,7 @@ fn report_arm_reachability<'p, 'tcx>(
             }
         }
         if !arm.has_guard && catchall.is_none() && pat_is_catchall(arm.pat) {
-            catchall = Some(arm.pat.span);
+            catchall = Some(arm.pat.span());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -473,7 +471,7 @@ fn non_exhaustive_match<'p, 'tcx>(
     cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
     scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     sp: Span,
-    witnesses: Vec<super::Pat<'tcx>>,
+    witnesses: Vec<DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
     is_empty_match: bool,
 ) {
     let non_empty_enum = match scrut_ty.kind() {
@@ -490,7 +488,7 @@ fn non_exhaustive_match<'p, 'tcx>(
             format!("non-exhaustive patterns: type `{}` is non-empty", scrut_ty),
         );
     } else {
-        let joined_patterns = joined_uncovered_patterns(&witnesses);
+        let joined_patterns = joined_uncovered_patterns(cx, &witnesses);
         err = create_e0004(
             cx.tcx.sess,
             sp,
@@ -517,7 +515,7 @@ fn non_exhaustive_match<'p, 'tcx>(
     if (scrut_ty == cx.tcx.types.usize || scrut_ty == cx.tcx.types.isize)
         && !is_empty_match
         && witnesses.len() == 1
-        && is_wildcard(&witnesses[0])
+        && matches!(witnesses[0].ctor(), Constructor::NonExhaustive)
     {
         err.note(&format!(
             "`{}` does not have a fixed maximum value, \
@@ -540,33 +538,40 @@ fn non_exhaustive_match<'p, 'tcx>(
     err.emit();
 }
 
-crate fn joined_uncovered_patterns(witnesses: &[super::Pat<'_>]) -> String {
+crate fn joined_uncovered_patterns<'p, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
+    witnesses: &[DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>],
+) -> String {
     const LIMIT: usize = 3;
+    let pat_to_str = |pat: &DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>| pat.to_pat(cx).to_string();
     match witnesses {
         [] => bug!(),
-        [witness] => format!("`{}`", witness),
+        [witness] => format!("`{}`", witness.to_pat(cx)),
         [head @ .., tail] if head.len() < LIMIT => {
-            let head: Vec<_> = head.iter().map(<_>::to_string).collect();
-            format!("`{}` and `{}`", head.join("`, `"), tail)
+            let head: Vec<_> = head.iter().map(pat_to_str).collect();
+            format!("`{}` and `{}`", head.join("`, `"), tail.to_pat(cx))
         }
         _ => {
             let (head, tail) = witnesses.split_at(LIMIT);
-            let head: Vec<_> = head.iter().map(<_>::to_string).collect();
+            let head: Vec<_> = head.iter().map(pat_to_str).collect();
             format!("`{}` and {} more", head.join("`, `"), tail.len())
         }
     }
 }
 
-crate fn pattern_not_covered_label(witnesses: &[super::Pat<'_>], joined_patterns: &str) -> String {
+crate fn pattern_not_covered_label(
+    witnesses: &[DeconstructedPat<'_, '_>],
+    joined_patterns: &str,
+) -> String {
     format!("pattern{} {} not covered", rustc_errors::pluralize!(witnesses.len()), joined_patterns)
 }
 
 /// Point at the definition of non-covered `enum` variants.
-fn adt_defined_here(
-    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'_, '_>,
+fn adt_defined_here<'p, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
     err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-    ty: Ty<'_>,
-    witnesses: &[super::Pat<'_>],
+    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    witnesses: &[DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>],
 ) {
     let ty = ty.peel_refs();
     if let ty::Adt(def, _) = ty.kind() {
@@ -575,57 +580,42 @@ fn adt_defined_here(
         }
 
         if witnesses.len() < 4 {
-            for sp in maybe_point_at_variant(ty, &witnesses) {
+            for sp in maybe_point_at_variant(cx, def, witnesses.iter()) {
                 err.span_label(sp, "not covered");
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn maybe_point_at_variant(ty: Ty<'_>, patterns: &[super::Pat<'_>]) -> Vec<Span> {
+fn maybe_point_at_variant<'a, 'p: 'a, 'tcx: 'a>(
+    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
+    def: &AdtDef,
+    patterns: impl Iterator<Item = &'a DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
+) -> Vec<Span> {
+    use Constructor::*;
     let mut covered = vec![];
-    if let ty::Adt(def, _) = ty.kind() {
-        // Don't point at variants that have already been covered due to other patterns to avoid
-        // visual clutter.
-        for pattern in patterns {
-            use PatKind::{AscribeUserType, Deref, Leaf, Or, Variant};
-            match &*pattern.kind {
-                AscribeUserType { subpattern, .. } | Deref { subpattern } => {
-                    covered.extend(maybe_point_at_variant(ty, slice::from_ref(&subpattern)));
-                }
-                Variant { adt_def, variant_index, subpatterns, .. } if adt_def.did == def.did => {
-                    let sp = def.variants[*variant_index].ident.span;
-                    if covered.contains(&sp) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    covered.push(sp);
-
-                    let pats = subpatterns
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|field_pattern| field_pattern.pattern.clone())
-                        .collect::<Box<[_]>>();
-                    covered.extend(maybe_point_at_variant(ty, &pats));
-                }
-                Leaf { subpatterns } => {
-                    let pats = subpatterns
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|field_pattern| field_pattern.pattern.clone())
-                        .collect::<Box<[_]>>();
-                    covered.extend(maybe_point_at_variant(ty, &pats));
+    for pattern in patterns {
+        if let Variant(variant_index) = pattern.ctor() {
+            if let ty::Adt(this_def, _) = pattern.ty().kind() {
+                if this_def.did != def.did {
+                    continue;
                 }
-                Or { pats } => {
-                    let pats = pats.iter().cloned().collect::<Box<[_]>>();
-                    covered.extend(maybe_point_at_variant(ty, &pats));
-                }
-                _ => {}
             }
+            let sp = def.variants[*variant_index].ident.span;
+            if covered.contains(&sp) {
+                // Don't point at variants that have already been covered due to other patterns to avoid
+                // visual clutter.
+                continue;
+            }
+            covered.push(sp);
         }
+        covered.extend(maybe_point_at_variant(cx, def, pattern.iter_fields()));
     }
     covered
 }
 
 /// Check if a by-value binding is by-value. That is, check if the binding's type is not `Copy`.
-fn is_binding_by_move(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_>, hir_id: HirId, span: Span) -> bool {
+fn is_binding_by_move(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_, '_>, hir_id: HirId, span: Span) -> bool {
     !cx.typeck_results.node_type(hir_id).is_copy_modulo_regions(cx.tcx.at(span), cx.param_env)
 }
 
@@ -639,7 +629,7 @@ fn is_binding_by_move(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_>, hir_id: HirId, span: Span) -> b
 /// - `x @ Some(ref mut? y)`.
 ///
 /// This analysis is *not* subsumed by NLL.
-fn check_borrow_conflicts_in_at_patterns(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_>, pat: &Pat<'_>) {
+fn check_borrow_conflicts_in_at_patterns(cx: &MatchVisitor<'_, '_, '_>, pat: &Pat<'_>) {
     // Extract `sub` in `binding @ sub`.
     let (name, sub) = match &pat.kind {
         hir::PatKind::Binding(.., name, Some(sub)) => (*name, sub),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
index 96425381b6b..b217aa7cc3f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ use self::Constructor::*;
 use self::SliceKind::*;
 
 use super::compare_const_vals;
-use super::usefulness::{is_wildcard, MatchCheckCtxt, PatCtxt};
+use super::usefulness::{MatchCheckCtxt, PatCtxt};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
 use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
@@ -62,10 +62,29 @@ use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::abi::{Integer, Size, VariantIdx};
 
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::cmp::{self, max, min, Ordering};
+use std::fmt;
 use std::iter::{once, IntoIterator};
 use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
 
+/// Recursively expand this pattern into its subpatterns. Only useful for or-patterns.
+fn expand_or_pat<'p, 'tcx>(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Vec<&'p Pat<'tcx>> {
+    fn expand<'p, 'tcx>(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>, vec: &mut Vec<&'p Pat<'tcx>>) {
+        if let PatKind::Or { pats } = pat.kind.as_ref() {
+            for pat in pats {
+                expand(pat, vec);
+            }
+        } else {
+            vec.push(pat)
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut pats = Vec::new();
+    expand(pat, &mut pats);
+    pats
+}
+
 /// An inclusive interval, used for precise integer exhaustiveness checking.
 /// `IntRange`s always store a contiguous range. This means that values are
 /// encoded such that `0` encodes the minimum value for the integer,
@@ -76,9 +95,13 @@ use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
 ///
 /// `IntRange` is never used to encode an empty range or a "range" that wraps
 /// around the (offset) space: i.e., `range.lo <= range.hi`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) struct IntRange {
     range: RangeInclusive<u128>,
+    /// Keeps the bias used for encoding the range. It depends on the type of the range and
+    /// possibly the pointer size of the current architecture. The algorithm ensures we never
+    /// compare `IntRange`s with different types/architectures.
+    bias: u128,
 }
 
 impl IntRange {
@@ -131,7 +154,7 @@ impl IntRange {
                 value.try_eval_bits(tcx, param_env, ty)
             })()?;
             let val = val ^ bias;
-            Some(IntRange { range: val..=val })
+            Some(IntRange { range: val..=val, bias })
         } else {
             None
         }
@@ -155,7 +178,7 @@ impl IntRange {
                 // This should have been caught earlier by E0030.
                 bug!("malformed range pattern: {}..={}", lo, (hi - offset));
             }
-            Some(IntRange { range: lo..=(hi - offset) })
+            Some(IntRange { range: lo..=(hi - offset), bias })
         } else {
             None
         }
@@ -180,7 +203,7 @@ impl IntRange {
         let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
         let (other_lo, other_hi) = other.boundaries();
         if lo <= other_hi && other_lo <= hi {
-            Some(IntRange { range: max(lo, other_lo)..=min(hi, other_hi) })
+            Some(IntRange { range: max(lo, other_lo)..=min(hi, other_hi), bias: self.bias })
         } else {
             None
         }
@@ -203,10 +226,11 @@ impl IntRange {
         (lo == other_hi || hi == other_lo) && !self.is_singleton() && !other.is_singleton()
     }
 
+    /// Only used for displaying the range properly.
     fn to_pat<'tcx>(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
         let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
 
-        let bias = IntRange::signed_bias(tcx, ty);
+        let bias = self.bias;
         let (lo, hi) = (lo ^ bias, hi ^ bias);
 
         let env = ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(ty);
@@ -223,10 +247,10 @@ impl IntRange {
     }
 
     /// Lint on likely incorrect range patterns (#63987)
-    pub(super) fn lint_overlapping_range_endpoints<'a, 'tcx: 'a>(
+    pub(super) fn lint_overlapping_range_endpoints<'a, 'p: 'a, 'tcx: 'a>(
         &self,
-        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, '_, 'tcx>,
-        ctors: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a Constructor<'tcx>, Span)>,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
+        pats: impl Iterator<Item = &'a DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
         column_count: usize,
         hir_id: HirId,
     ) {
@@ -248,8 +272,8 @@ impl IntRange {
             return;
         }
 
-        let overlaps: Vec<_> = ctors
-            .filter_map(|(ctor, span)| Some((ctor.as_int_range()?, span)))
+        let overlaps: Vec<_> = pats
+            .filter_map(|pat| Some((pat.ctor().as_int_range()?, pat.span())))
             .filter(|(range, _)| self.suspicious_intersection(range))
             .map(|(range, span)| (self.intersection(&range).unwrap(), span))
             .collect();
@@ -291,6 +315,19 @@ impl IntRange {
     }
 }
 
+/// Note: this is often not what we want: e.g. `false` is converted into the range `0..=0` and
+/// would be displayed as such. To render properly, convert to a pattern first.
+impl fmt::Debug for IntRange {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
+        let bias = self.bias;
+        let (lo, hi) = (lo ^ bias, hi ^ bias);
+        write!(f, "{}", lo)?;
+        write!(f, "{}", RangeEnd::Included)?;
+        write!(f, "{}", hi)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Represents a border between 2 integers. Because the intervals spanning borders must be able to
 /// cover every integer, we need to be able to represent 2^128 + 1 such borders.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -375,13 +412,13 @@ impl SplitIntRange {
             // Skip duplicates.
             .filter(|(prev_border, border)| prev_border != border)
             // Finally, convert to ranges.
-            .map(|(prev_border, border)| {
+            .map(move |(prev_border, border)| {
                 let range = match (prev_border, border) {
                     (JustBefore(n), JustBefore(m)) if n < m => n..=(m - 1),
                     (JustBefore(n), AfterMax) => n..=u128::MAX,
                     _ => unreachable!(), // Ruled out by the sorting and filtering we did
                 };
-                IntRange { range }
+                IntRange { range, bias: self.range.bias }
             })
     }
 }
@@ -611,6 +648,8 @@ pub(super) enum Constructor<'tcx> {
     Missing { nonexhaustive_enum_missing_real_variants: bool },
     /// Wildcard pattern.
     Wildcard,
+    /// Or-pattern.
+    Or,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
@@ -647,61 +686,34 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Determines the constructor that the given pattern can be specialized to.
-    pub(super) fn from_pat<'p>(cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>, pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
-        match pat.kind.as_ref() {
-            PatKind::AscribeUserType { .. } => bug!(), // Handled by `expand_pattern`
-            PatKind::Binding { .. } | PatKind::Wild => Wildcard,
-            PatKind::Leaf { .. } | PatKind::Deref { .. } => Single,
-            &PatKind::Variant { variant_index, .. } => Variant(variant_index),
-            PatKind::Constant { value } => {
-                if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_const(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, value) {
-                    IntRange(int_range)
-                } else {
-                    match pat.ty.kind() {
-                        ty::Float(_) => FloatRange(value, value, RangeEnd::Included),
-                        // We make `&str` constants behave like `Deref` patterns, to be compatible
-                        // with other `Deref` patterns. See also `Fields::extract_pattern_arguments`.
-                        ty::Ref(_, t, _) if t.is_str() => Single,
-                        // In truth this carries a constant of type `&str`.
-                        ty::Str => Str(value),
-                        // All constants that can be structurally matched have already been expanded
-                        // into the corresponding `Pat`s by `const_to_pat`. Constants that remain are
-                        // opaque.
-                        _ => Opaque,
+    /// The number of fields for this constructor. This must be kept in sync with
+    /// `Fields::wildcards`.
+    pub(super) fn arity(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, '_, 'tcx>) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Single | Variant(_) => match pcx.ty.kind() {
+                ty::Tuple(fs) => fs.len(),
+                ty::Ref(..) => 1,
+                ty::Adt(adt, ..) => {
+                    if adt.is_box() {
+                        // The only legal patterns of type `Box` (outside `std`) are `_` and box
+                        // patterns. If we're here we can assume this is a box pattern.
+                        1
+                    } else {
+                        let variant = &adt.variants[self.variant_index_for_adt(adt)];
+                        Fields::list_variant_nonhidden_fields(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, variant).count()
                     }
                 }
-            }
-            &PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }) => {
-                let ty = lo.ty;
-                if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_range(
-                    cx.tcx,
-                    lo.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, lo.ty),
-                    hi.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, hi.ty),
-                    ty,
-                    &end,
-                ) {
-                    IntRange(int_range)
-                } else {
-                    FloatRange(lo, hi, end)
-                }
-            }
-            PatKind::Array { prefix, slice, suffix } | PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice, suffix } => {
-                let array_len = match pat.ty.kind() {
-                    ty::Array(_, length) => Some(length.eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env) as usize),
-                    ty::Slice(_) => None,
-                    _ => span_bug!(pat.span, "bad ty {:?} for slice pattern", pat.ty),
-                };
-                let prefix = prefix.len();
-                let suffix = suffix.len();
-                let kind = if slice.is_some() {
-                    VarLen(prefix, suffix)
-                } else {
-                    FixedLen(prefix + suffix)
-                };
-                Slice(Slice::new(array_len, kind))
-            }
-            PatKind::Or { .. } => bug!("Or-pattern should have been expanded earlier on."),
+                _ => bug!("Unexpected type for `Single` constructor: {:?}", pcx.ty),
+            },
+            Slice(slice) => slice.arity(),
+            Str(..)
+            | FloatRange(..)
+            | IntRange(..)
+            | NonExhaustive
+            | Opaque
+            | Missing { .. }
+            | Wildcard => 0,
+            Or => bug!("The `Or` constructor doesn't have a fixed arity"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -824,7 +836,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
         match self {
             // If `self` is `Single`, `used_ctors` cannot contain anything else than `Single`s.
             Single => !used_ctors.is_empty(),
-            Variant(_) => used_ctors.iter().any(|c| c == self),
+            Variant(vid) => used_ctors.iter().any(|c| matches!(c, Variant(i) if i == vid)),
             IntRange(range) => used_ctors
                 .iter()
                 .filter_map(|c| c.as_int_range())
@@ -835,7 +847,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
                 .any(|other| slice.is_covered_by(other)),
             // This constructor is never covered by anything else
             NonExhaustive => false,
-            Str(..) | FloatRange(..) | Opaque | Missing { .. } | Wildcard => {
+            Str(..) | FloatRange(..) | Opaque | Missing { .. } | Wildcard | Or => {
                 span_bug!(pcx.span, "found unexpected ctor in all_ctors: {:?}", self)
             }
         }
@@ -1097,7 +1109,7 @@ impl<'tcx> SplitWildcard<'tcx> {
 /// `index_with_declared_idx`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fields: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>,
+    fields: SmallVec<[&'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>; 2]>,
 }
 
 impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
@@ -1105,19 +1117,30 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
         Fields { fields: SmallVec::new() }
     }
 
-    fn from_iter(
+    fn singleton(cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>, field: DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>) -> Self {
+        let field: &_ = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(field);
+        Fields { fields: smallvec![field] }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn from_iter(
         cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-        fields: impl IntoIterator<Item = Pat<'tcx>>,
+        fields: impl IntoIterator<Item = DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let fields: &_ = cx.pattern_arena.alloc_from_iter(fields);
-        Fields { fields: fields.iter().collect() }
+        Fields { fields: fields.into_iter().collect() }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn from_ref_iter(
+        fields: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Fields { fields: fields.into_iter().collect() }
     }
 
     fn wildcards_from_tys(
         cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
         tys: impl IntoIterator<Item = Ty<'tcx>>,
     ) -> Self {
-        Fields::from_iter(cx, tys.into_iter().map(Pat::wildcard_from_ty))
+        Fields::from_iter(cx, tys.into_iter().map(DeconstructedPat::wildcard))
     }
 
     // In the cases of either a `#[non_exhaustive]` field list or a non-public field, we hide
@@ -1148,7 +1171,8 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
         })
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new list of wildcard fields for a given constructor.
+    /// Creates a new list of wildcard fields for a given constructor. The result must have a
+    /// length of `constructor.arity()`.
     pub(super) fn wildcards(
         cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
@@ -1156,15 +1180,12 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
     ) -> Self {
         let ret = match constructor {
             Single | Variant(_) => match ty.kind() {
-                ty::Tuple(ref fs) => {
-                    Fields::wildcards_from_tys(cx, fs.into_iter().map(|ty| ty.expect_ty()))
-                }
+                ty::Tuple(fs) => Fields::wildcards_from_tys(cx, fs.iter().map(|ty| ty.expect_ty())),
                 ty::Ref(_, rty, _) => Fields::wildcards_from_tys(cx, once(*rty)),
                 ty::Adt(adt, substs) => {
                     if adt.is_box() {
-                        // Use T as the sub pattern type of Box<T>.
-                        // FIXME(Nadrieril): This is to make box-patterns work even though `Box` is
-                        // actually a struct with 2 private fields. Hacky.
+                        // The only legal patterns of type `Box` (outside `std`) are `_` and box
+                        // patterns. If we're here we can assume this is a box pattern.
                         Fields::wildcards_from_tys(cx, once(substs.type_at(0)))
                     } else {
                         let variant = &adt.variants[constructor.variant_index_for_adt(adt)];
@@ -1189,47 +1210,193 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
             | Opaque
             | Missing { .. }
             | Wildcard => Fields::empty(),
+            Or => {
+                bug!("called `Fields::wildcards` on an `Or` ctor")
+            }
         };
         debug!("Fields::wildcards({:?}, {:?}) = {:#?}", constructor, ty, ret);
         ret
     }
 
-    /// Returns the number of patterns. This is the same as the arity of the constructor used to
-    /// construct `self`.
-    pub(super) fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.fields.len()
-    }
-
     /// Returns the list of patterns.
     pub(super) fn iter_patterns<'a>(
         &'a self,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'p Pat<'tcx>> + Captures<'a> {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>> + Captures<'a> {
         self.fields.iter().copied()
     }
+}
 
-    /// Apply a constructor to a list of patterns, yielding a new pattern. `self`
-    /// must have as many elements as this constructor's arity.
-    ///
-    /// This is roughly the inverse of `specialize_constructor`.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    ///
-    /// ```text
-    /// ctor: `Constructor::Single`
-    /// ty: `Foo(u32, u32, u32)`
-    /// self: `[10, 20, _]`
-    /// returns `Foo(10, 20, _)`
-    ///
-    /// ctor: `Constructor::Variant(Option::Some)`
-    /// ty: `Option<bool>`
-    /// self: `[false]`
-    /// returns `Some(false)`
-    /// ```
-    pub(super) fn apply(self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-        let mut subpatterns = self.iter_patterns().cloned();
-
-        let pat = match ctor {
-            Single | Variant(_) => match pcx.ty.kind() {
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
+    ctor: Constructor<'tcx>,
+    fields: Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
+    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
+    pub(super) fn wildcard(ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(Wildcard, Fields::empty(), ty)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn new(ctor: Constructor<'tcx>, fields: Fields<'p, 'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        DeconstructedPat { ctor, fields, ty, span: DUMMY_SP }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn from_pat(cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>, pat: &Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        let mkpat = |pat| DeconstructedPat::from_pat(cx, pat);
+        let allocpat = |pat| &*cx.pattern_arena.alloc(mkpat(pat));
+        let ctor;
+        let mut fields;
+        match pat.kind.as_ref() {
+            PatKind::AscribeUserType { subpattern, .. } => return mkpat(subpattern),
+            PatKind::Binding { subpattern: Some(subpat), .. } => return mkpat(subpat),
+            PatKind::Binding { subpattern: None, .. } | PatKind::Wild => {
+                ctor = Wildcard;
+                fields = Fields::empty();
+            }
+            PatKind::Deref { subpattern } => {
+                ctor = Single;
+                fields = Fields::singleton(cx, mkpat(subpattern));
+            }
+            PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns } | PatKind::Variant { subpatterns, .. } => {
+                match pat.ty.kind() {
+                    ty::Tuple(fs) => {
+                        ctor = Single;
+                        fields = Fields::wildcards_from_tys(cx, fs.iter().map(|ty| ty.expect_ty()));
+                        for pat in subpatterns {
+                            fields.fields[pat.field.index()] = allocpat(&pat.pattern);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ty::Adt(adt, substs) if adt.is_box() => {
+                        // The only legal patterns of type `Box` (outside `std`) are `_` and box
+                        // patterns. If we're here we can assume this is a box pattern.
+                        // FIXME(Nadrieril): A `Box` can in theory be matched either with `Box(_,
+                        // _)` or a box pattern. As a hack to avoid an ICE with the former, we
+                        // ignore other fields than the first one. This will trigger an error later
+                        // anyway.
+                        // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/82772 ,
+                        // explanation: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/82789#issuecomment-796921977
+                        // The problem is that we can't know from the type whether we'll match
+                        // normally or through box-patterns. We'll have to figure out a proper
+                        // solution when we introduce generalized deref patterns. Also need to
+                        // prevent mixing of those two options.
+                        let pat = subpatterns.into_iter().find(|pat| pat.field.index() == 0);
+                        let pat = if let Some(pat) = pat {
+                            mkpat(&pat.pattern)
+                        } else {
+                            DeconstructedPat::wildcard(substs.type_at(0))
+                        };
+                        ctor = Single;
+                        fields = Fields::singleton(cx, pat);
+                    }
+                    ty::Adt(adt, _) => {
+                        ctor = match pat.kind.as_ref() {
+                            PatKind::Leaf { .. } => Single,
+                            PatKind::Variant { variant_index, .. } => Variant(*variant_index),
+                            _ => bug!(),
+                        };
+                        let variant = &adt.variants[ctor.variant_index_for_adt(adt)];
+                        // For each field in the variant, we store the relevant index into `self.fields` if any.
+                        let mut field_id_to_id: Vec<Option<usize>> =
+                            (0..variant.fields.len()).map(|_| None).collect();
+                        let tys = Fields::list_variant_nonhidden_fields(cx, pat.ty, variant)
+                            .enumerate()
+                            .map(|(i, (field, ty))| {
+                                field_id_to_id[field.index()] = Some(i);
+                                ty
+                            });
+                        fields = Fields::wildcards_from_tys(cx, tys);
+                        for pat in subpatterns {
+                            if let Some(i) = field_id_to_id[pat.field.index()] {
+                                fields.fields[i] = allocpat(&pat.pattern);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => bug!("pattern has unexpected type: pat: {:?}, ty: {:?}", pat, pat.ty),
+                }
+            }
+            PatKind::Constant { value } => {
+                if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_const(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, value) {
+                    ctor = IntRange(int_range);
+                    fields = Fields::empty();
+                } else {
+                    match pat.ty.kind() {
+                        ty::Float(_) => {
+                            ctor = FloatRange(value, value, RangeEnd::Included);
+                            fields = Fields::empty();
+                        }
+                        ty::Ref(_, t, _) if t.is_str() => {
+                            // We want a `&str` constant to behave like a `Deref` pattern, to be compatible
+                            // with other `Deref` patterns. This could have been done in `const_to_pat`,
+                            // but that causes issues with the rest of the matching code.
+                            // So here, the constructor for a `"foo"` pattern is `&` (represented by
+                            // `Single`), and has one field. That field has constructor `Str(value)` and no
+                            // fields.
+                            let subpattern = DeconstructedPat {
+                                ctor: Str(value),
+                                fields: Fields::empty(),
+                                ty: t, // `t` is `str`, not `&str`
+                                span: pat.span,
+                            };
+                            ctor = Single;
+                            fields = Fields::singleton(cx, subpattern)
+                        }
+                        // All constants that can be structurally matched have already been expanded
+                        // into the corresponding `Pat`s by `const_to_pat`. Constants that remain are
+                        // opaque.
+                        _ => {
+                            ctor = Opaque;
+                            fields = Fields::empty();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            &PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }) => {
+                let ty = lo.ty;
+                ctor = if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_range(
+                    cx.tcx,
+                    lo.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, lo.ty),
+                    hi.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, hi.ty),
+                    ty,
+                    &end,
+                ) {
+                    IntRange(int_range)
+                } else {
+                    FloatRange(lo, hi, end)
+                };
+                fields = Fields::empty();
+            }
+            PatKind::Array { prefix, slice, suffix } | PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice, suffix } => {
+                let array_len = match pat.ty.kind() {
+                    ty::Array(_, length) => Some(length.eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env) as usize),
+                    ty::Slice(_) => None,
+                    _ => span_bug!(pat.span, "bad ty {:?} for slice pattern", pat.ty),
+                };
+                let kind = if slice.is_some() {
+                    VarLen(prefix.len(), suffix.len())
+                } else {
+                    FixedLen(prefix.len() + suffix.len())
+                };
+                ctor = Slice(Slice::new(array_len, kind));
+                fields = Fields::from_iter(cx, prefix.iter().chain(suffix).map(mkpat));
+            }
+            PatKind::Or { .. } => {
+                ctor = Or;
+                let pats = expand_or_pat(pat);
+                fields = Fields::from_iter(cx, pats.into_iter().map(mkpat));
+            }
+        }
+        DeconstructedPat { ctor, fields, ty: pat.ty, span: pat.span }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn to_pat(&self, cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+        let is_wildcard = |pat: &Pat<'_>| {
+            matches!(*pat.kind, PatKind::Binding { subpattern: None, .. } | PatKind::Wild)
+        };
+        let mut subpatterns = self.iter_fields().map(|p| p.to_pat(cx));
+        let pat = match &self.ctor {
+            Single | Variant(_) => match self.ty.kind() {
                 ty::Tuple(..) => PatKind::Leaf {
                     subpatterns: subpatterns
                         .enumerate()
@@ -1242,22 +1409,16 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
                     // the pattern is a box pattern.
                     PatKind::Deref { subpattern: subpatterns.next().unwrap() }
                 }
-                ty::Adt(adt, substs) => {
-                    let variant_index = ctor.variant_index_for_adt(adt);
-                    let variant = &adt.variants[variant_index];
-                    let subpatterns =
-                        Fields::list_variant_nonhidden_fields(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, variant)
-                            .zip(subpatterns)
-                            .map(|((field, _ty), pattern)| FieldPat { field, pattern })
-                            .collect();
-
-                    if adt.is_enum() {
-                        PatKind::Variant {
-                            adt_def: adt,
-                            substs,
-                            variant_index: ctor.variant_index_for_adt(adt),
-                            subpatterns,
-                        }
+                ty::Adt(adt_def, substs) => {
+                    let variant_index = self.ctor.variant_index_for_adt(adt_def);
+                    let variant = &adt_def.variants[variant_index];
+                    let subpatterns = Fields::list_variant_nonhidden_fields(cx, self.ty, variant)
+                        .zip(subpatterns)
+                        .map(|((field, _ty), pattern)| FieldPat { field, pattern })
+                        .collect();
+
+                    if adt_def.is_enum() {
+                        PatKind::Variant { adt_def, substs, variant_index, subpatterns }
                     } else {
                         PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
                     }
@@ -1265,150 +1426,222 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
                 // Note: given the expansion of `&str` patterns done in `expand_pattern`, we should
                 // be careful to reconstruct the correct constant pattern here. However a string
                 // literal pattern will never be reported as a non-exhaustiveness witness, so we
-                // can ignore this issue.
+                // ignore this issue.
                 ty::Ref(..) => PatKind::Deref { subpattern: subpatterns.next().unwrap() },
-                _ => bug!("unexpected ctor for type {:?} {:?}", ctor, pcx.ty),
+                _ => bug!("unexpected ctor for type {:?} {:?}", self.ctor, self.ty),
             },
-            Slice(slice) => match slice.kind {
-                FixedLen(_) => {
-                    PatKind::Slice { prefix: subpatterns.collect(), slice: None, suffix: vec![] }
-                }
-                VarLen(prefix, _) => {
-                    let mut prefix: Vec<_> = subpatterns.by_ref().take(prefix).collect();
-                    if slice.array_len.is_some() {
-                        // Improves diagnostics a bit: if the type is a known-size array, instead
-                        // of reporting `[x, _, .., _, y]`, we prefer to report `[x, .., y]`.
-                        // This is incorrect if the size is not known, since `[_, ..]` captures
-                        // arrays of lengths `>= 1` whereas `[..]` captures any length.
-                        while !prefix.is_empty() && is_wildcard(prefix.last().unwrap()) {
-                            prefix.pop();
+            Slice(slice) => {
+                match slice.kind {
+                    FixedLen(_) => PatKind::Slice {
+                        prefix: subpatterns.collect(),
+                        slice: None,
+                        suffix: vec![],
+                    },
+                    VarLen(prefix, _) => {
+                        let mut subpatterns = subpatterns.peekable();
+                        let mut prefix: Vec<_> = subpatterns.by_ref().take(prefix).collect();
+                        if slice.array_len.is_some() {
+                            // Improves diagnostics a bit: if the type is a known-size array, instead
+                            // of reporting `[x, _, .., _, y]`, we prefer to report `[x, .., y]`.
+                            // This is incorrect if the size is not known, since `[_, ..]` captures
+                            // arrays of lengths `>= 1` whereas `[..]` captures any length.
+                            while !prefix.is_empty() && is_wildcard(prefix.last().unwrap()) {
+                                prefix.pop();
+                            }
+                            while subpatterns.peek().is_some()
+                                && is_wildcard(subpatterns.peek().unwrap())
+                            {
+                                subpatterns.next();
+                            }
                         }
+                        let suffix: Vec<_> = subpatterns.collect();
+                        let wild = Pat::wildcard_from_ty(self.ty);
+                        PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice: Some(wild), suffix }
                     }
-                    let suffix: Vec<_> = if slice.array_len.is_some() {
-                        // Same as above.
-                        subpatterns.skip_while(is_wildcard).collect()
-                    } else {
-                        subpatterns.collect()
-                    };
-                    let wild = Pat::wildcard_from_ty(pcx.ty);
-                    PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice: Some(wild), suffix }
                 }
-            },
+            }
             &Str(value) => PatKind::Constant { value },
             &FloatRange(lo, hi, end) => PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }),
-            IntRange(range) => return range.to_pat(pcx.cx.tcx, pcx.ty),
-            NonExhaustive => PatKind::Wild,
-            Wildcard => return Pat::wildcard_from_ty(pcx.ty),
-            Opaque => bug!("we should not try to apply an opaque constructor"),
+            IntRange(range) => return range.to_pat(cx.tcx, self.ty),
+            Wildcard | NonExhaustive => PatKind::Wild,
             Missing { .. } => bug!(
-                "trying to apply the `Missing` constructor; this should have been done in `apply_constructors`"
+                "trying to convert a `Missing` constructor into a `Pat`; this is probably a bug,
+                `Missing` should have been processed in `apply_constructors`"
             ),
+            Opaque | Or => {
+                bug!("can't convert to pattern: {:?}", self)
+            }
         };
 
-        Pat { ty: pcx.ty, span: DUMMY_SP, kind: Box::new(pat) }
+        Pat { ty: self.ty, span: DUMMY_SP, kind: Box::new(pat) }
     }
 
-    /// Replaces contained fields with the given list of patterns. There must be `len()` patterns
-    /// in `pats`.
-    pub(super) fn replace_fields(
-        self,
-        cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-        pats: impl IntoIterator<Item = Pat<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::from_iter(cx, pats)
+    /// Construct a pattern that matches everything that starts with this constructor.
+    // For example, if `ctor` is a `Constructor::Variant` for `Option::Some`, we get the pattern
+    // `Some(_)`.
+    pub(super) fn wild_from_ctor(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, ctor: Constructor<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        let fields = Fields::wildcards(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, &ctor);
+        DeconstructedPat::new(ctor, fields, pcx.ty)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn is_or_pat(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.ctor, Or)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn ctor(&self) -> &Constructor<'tcx> {
+        &self.ctor
+    }
+    pub(super) fn ty(&self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        self.ty
+    }
+    pub(super) fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        self.span
     }
 
-    /// Replaces contained fields with the arguments of the given pattern. Only use on a pattern
-    /// that is compatible with the constructor used to build `self`.
-    /// This is meant to be used on the result of `Fields::wildcards()`. See the comment above
-    /// `Fields` for details
-    /// This is guaranteed to preserve the number of patterns in `self`.
-    pub(super) fn extract_pattern_arguments(
-        mut self,
+    pub(super) fn iter_fields<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>> + Captures<'a> {
+        self.fields.iter_patterns()
+    }
+
+    /// Specialize this pattern with a constructor.
+    /// `other_ctor` can be different from `self.ctor`, but must be covered by it.
+    pub(super) fn specialize<'a>(
+        &'a self,
         cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-        pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        match pat.kind.as_ref() {
-            PatKind::Deref { subpattern } => {
-                assert_eq!(self.len(), 1);
-                self.fields[0] = subpattern;
+        other_ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Cow<'a, Fields<'p, 'tcx>> {
+        match (&self.ctor, other_ctor) {
+            (Wildcard, _) => {
+                // We return a wildcard for each field of `other_ctor`.
+                Cow::Owned(Fields::wildcards(cx, self.ty, other_ctor))
             }
-            PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns } | PatKind::Variant { subpatterns, .. } => {
-                match pat.ty.kind() {
-                    ty::Adt(adt, _) if adt.is_box() => {
-                        // FIXME(Nadrieril): A `Box` can in theory be matched either with `Box(_,
-                        // _)` or a box pattern. As a hack to avoid an ICE with the former, we
-                        // ignore other fields than the first one. This will trigger an error later
-                        // anyway.
-                        // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/82772 ,
-                        // explanation: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/82789#issuecomment-796921977
-                        // The problem is that we can't know from the type whether we'll match
-                        // normally or through box-patterns. We'll have to figure out a proper
-                        // solution when we introduce generalized deref patterns. Also need to
-                        // prevent mixing of those two options.
-                        assert_eq!(self.len(), 1);
-                        let pat = subpatterns.into_iter().find(|pat| pat.field.index() == 0);
-                        if let Some(pat) = pat {
-                            self.fields[0] = &pat.pattern;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    ty::Adt(adt, _) => {
-                        let variant_index = match pat.kind.as_ref() {
-                            PatKind::Leaf { .. } => VariantIdx::new(0),
-                            PatKind::Variant { variant_index, .. } => *variant_index,
-                            _ => bug!(),
+            (Slice(self_slice), Slice(other_slice))
+                if self_slice.arity() != other_slice.arity() =>
+            {
+                // The only tricky case: two slices of different arity. Since `self_slice` covers
+                // `other_slice`, `self_slice` must be `VarLen`, i.e. of the form
+                // `[prefix, .., suffix]`. Moreover `other_slice` is guaranteed to have a larger
+                // arity. We fill the middle part with enough wildcards to reach the length of the
+                // new, larger slice.
+                match self_slice.kind {
+                    FixedLen(_) => bug!("{:?} doesn't cover {:?}", self_slice, other_slice),
+                    VarLen(prefix, suffix) => {
+                        let inner_ty = match *self.ty.kind() {
+                            ty::Slice(ty) | ty::Array(ty, _) => ty,
+                            _ => bug!("bad slice pattern {:?} {:?}", self.ctor, self.ty),
                         };
-                        let variant = &adt.variants[variant_index];
-                        // For each field in the variant, we store the relevant index into `self.fields` if any.
-                        let mut field_id_to_id: Vec<Option<usize>> =
-                            (0..variant.fields.len()).map(|_| None).collect();
-                        for (i, (field, _ty)) in
-                            Fields::list_variant_nonhidden_fields(cx, pat.ty, variant).enumerate()
-                        {
-                            field_id_to_id[field.index()] = Some(i);
+                        let prefix = self.fields.fields[..prefix].iter().copied();
+                        let suffix =
+                            self.fields.fields[self_slice.arity() - suffix..].iter().copied();
+                        let extra_wildcards = other_slice.arity() - self_slice.arity();
+                        let extra_wildcards: &[_] = cx.pattern_arena.alloc_from_iter(
+                            (0..extra_wildcards).map(|_| DeconstructedPat::wildcard(inner_ty)),
+                        );
+                        let fields = prefix.chain(extra_wildcards).chain(suffix);
+                        Cow::Owned(Fields::from_ref_iter(fields))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _ => Cow::Borrowed(&self.fields),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// This is mostly copied from the `Pat` impl. This is best effort and not good enough for a
+/// `Display` impl.
+impl<'p, 'tcx> fmt::Debug for DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        // Printing lists is a chore.
+        let mut first = true;
+        let mut start_or_continue = |s| {
+            if first {
+                first = false;
+                ""
+            } else {
+                s
+            }
+        };
+        let mut start_or_comma = || start_or_continue(", ");
+
+        match &self.ctor {
+            Single | Variant(_) => match self.ty.kind() {
+                ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_box() => {
+                    // Without `box_patterns`, the only legal pattern of type `Box` is `_` (outside
+                    // of `std`). So this branch is only reachable when the feature is enabled and
+                    // the pattern is a box pattern.
+                    let subpattern = self.iter_fields().next().unwrap();
+                    write!(f, "box {:?}", subpattern)
+                }
+                ty::Adt(..) | ty::Tuple(..) => {
+                    let variant = match self.ty.kind() {
+                        ty::Adt(adt, _) => {
+                            Some(&adt.variants[self.ctor.variant_index_for_adt(adt)])
                         }
-                        for pat in subpatterns {
-                            if let Some(i) = field_id_to_id[pat.field.index()] {
-                                self.fields[i] = &pat.pattern;
-                            }
+                        ty::Tuple(_) => None,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+
+                    if let Some(variant) = variant {
+                        write!(f, "{}", variant.ident)?;
+                    }
+
+                    // Without `cx`, we can't know which field corresponds to which, so we can't
+                    // get the names of the fields. Instead we just display everything as a suple
+                    // struct, which should be good enough.
+                    write!(f, "(")?;
+                    for p in self.iter_fields() {
+                        write!(f, "{}", start_or_comma())?;
+                        write!(f, "{:?}", p)?;
+                    }
+                    write!(f, ")")
+                }
+                // Note: given the expansion of `&str` patterns done in `expand_pattern`, we should
+                // be careful to detect strings here. However a string literal pattern will never
+                // be reported as a non-exhaustiveness witness, so we can ignore this issue.
+                ty::Ref(_, _, mutbl) => {
+                    let subpattern = self.iter_fields().next().unwrap();
+                    write!(f, "&{}{:?}", mutbl.prefix_str(), subpattern)
+                }
+                _ => write!(f, "_"),
+            },
+            Slice(slice) => {
+                let mut subpatterns = self.fields.iter_patterns();
+                write!(f, "[")?;
+                match slice.kind {
+                    FixedLen(_) => {
+                        for p in subpatterns {
+                            write!(f, "{}{:?}", start_or_comma(), p)?;
                         }
                     }
-                    _ => {
-                        for pat in subpatterns {
-                            self.fields[pat.field.index()] = &pat.pattern;
+                    VarLen(prefix_len, _) => {
+                        for p in subpatterns.by_ref().take(prefix_len) {
+                            write!(f, "{}{:?}", start_or_comma(), p)?;
+                        }
+                        write!(f, "{}", start_or_comma())?;
+                        write!(f, "..")?;
+                        for p in subpatterns {
+                            write!(f, "{}{:?}", start_or_comma(), p)?;
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                write!(f, "]")
             }
-            PatKind::Array { prefix, suffix, .. } | PatKind::Slice { prefix, suffix, .. } => {
-                // Number of subpatterns for the constructor
-                let ctor_arity = self.len();
-
-                // Replace the prefix and the suffix with the given patterns, leaving wildcards in
-                // the middle if there was a subslice pattern `..`.
-                let prefix = prefix.iter().enumerate();
-                let suffix =
-                    suffix.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, p)| (ctor_arity - suffix.len() + i, p));
-
-                for (i, pat) in prefix.chain(suffix) {
-                    self.fields[i] = pat
-                }
+            &FloatRange(lo, hi, end) => {
+                write!(f, "{}", lo)?;
+                write!(f, "{}", end)?;
+                write!(f, "{}", hi)
             }
-            PatKind::Constant { .. } => match pat.ty.kind() {
-                ty::Ref(_, t, _) if t.is_str() => {
-                    assert_eq!(self.len(), 1);
-                    // We want a `&str` constant to behave like a `Deref` pattern, to be compatible
-                    // with other `Deref` patterns. This could have been done in `const_to_pat`,
-                    // but that causes issues with the rest of the matching code.
-                    // The outer constructor is `&`, and the inner one carries the str value.
-                    let mut new_pat = pat.clone();
-                    new_pat.ty = t; // `t` is `str`, not `&str`
-                    self.fields[0] = &*cx.pattern_arena.alloc(new_pat);
+            IntRange(range) => write!(f, "{:?}", range), // Best-effort, will render e.g. `false` as `0..=0`
+            Wildcard | Missing { .. } | NonExhaustive => write!(f, "_"),
+            Or => {
+                for pat in self.iter_fields() {
+                    write!(f, "{}{:?}", start_or_continue(" | "), pat)?;
                 }
-                _ => {}
-            },
-            _ => {}
-        };
-        self
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Str(value) => write!(f, "{}", value),
+            Opaque => write!(f, "<constant pattern>"),
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
index 92b2ca42b94..1cadc4a0ba6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
@@ -284,17 +284,14 @@ use self::ArmType::*;
 use self::Usefulness::*;
 
 use super::check_match::{joined_uncovered_patterns, pattern_not_covered_label};
-use super::deconstruct_pat::{Constructor, Fields, SplitWildcard};
-use super::{PatternFoldable, PatternFolder};
+use super::deconstruct_pat::{Constructor, DeconstructedPat, Fields, SplitWildcard};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 
-use hir::def_id::DefId;
-use hir::HirId;
 use rustc_arena::TypedArena;
-use rustc_hir as hir;
-use rustc_middle::thir::{Pat, PatKind};
+use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_hir::HirId;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::NON_EXHAUSTIVE_OMITTED_PATTERNS;
 use rustc_span::Span;
@@ -302,9 +299,8 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::iter::IntoIterator;
-use std::lazy::OnceCell;
 
-crate struct MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
+crate struct MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx> {
     crate tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     /// The module in which the match occurs. This is necessary for
     /// checking inhabited-ness of types because whether a type is (visibly)
@@ -313,7 +309,7 @@ crate struct MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// outside its module and should not be matchable with an empty match statement.
     crate module: DefId,
     crate param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    crate pattern_arena: &'a TypedArena<Pat<'tcx>>,
+    crate pattern_arena: &'p TypedArena<DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -356,64 +352,20 @@ impl<'a, 'p, 'tcx> fmt::Debug for PatCtxt<'a, 'p, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-crate fn expand_pattern<'tcx>(pat: Pat<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-    LiteralExpander.fold_pattern(&pat)
-}
-
-struct LiteralExpander;
-
-impl<'tcx> PatternFolder<'tcx> for LiteralExpander {
-    fn fold_pattern(&mut self, pat: &Pat<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-        debug!("fold_pattern {:?} {:?} {:?}", pat, pat.ty.kind(), pat.kind);
-        match pat.kind.as_ref() {
-            PatKind::Binding { subpattern: Some(s), .. } => s.fold_with(self),
-            PatKind::AscribeUserType { subpattern: s, .. } => s.fold_with(self),
-            _ => pat.super_fold_with(self),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub(super) fn is_wildcard(pat: &Pat<'_>) -> bool {
-    matches!(*pat.kind, PatKind::Binding { subpattern: None, .. } | PatKind::Wild)
-}
-
-fn is_or_pat(pat: &Pat<'_>) -> bool {
-    matches!(*pat.kind, PatKind::Or { .. })
-}
-
-/// Recursively expand this pattern into its subpatterns. Only useful for or-patterns.
-fn expand_or_pat<'p, 'tcx>(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Vec<&'p Pat<'tcx>> {
-    fn expand<'p, 'tcx>(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>, vec: &mut Vec<&'p Pat<'tcx>>) {
-        if let PatKind::Or { pats } = pat.kind.as_ref() {
-            for pat in pats {
-                expand(pat, vec);
-            }
-        } else {
-            vec.push(pat)
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mut pats = Vec::new();
-    expand(pat, &mut pats);
-    pats
-}
-
 /// A row of a matrix. Rows of len 1 are very common, which is why `SmallVec[_; 2]`
 /// works well.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    pats: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>,
-    /// Cache for the constructor of the head
-    head_ctor: OnceCell<Constructor<'tcx>>,
+    pats: SmallVec<[&'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>; 2]>,
 }
 
 impl<'p, 'tcx> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn from_pattern(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
+    fn from_pattern(pat: &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>) -> Self {
         Self::from_vec(smallvec![pat])
     }
 
-    fn from_vec(vec: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>) -> Self {
-        PatStack { pats: vec, head_ctor: OnceCell::new() }
+    fn from_vec(vec: SmallVec<[&'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>; 2]>) -> Self {
+        PatStack { pats: vec }
     }
 
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
@@ -424,30 +376,25 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
         self.pats.len()
     }
 
-    fn head(&self) -> &'p Pat<'tcx> {
+    fn head(&self) -> &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
         self.pats[0]
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn head_ctor<'a>(&'a self, cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>) -> &'a Constructor<'tcx> {
-        self.head_ctor.get_or_init(|| Constructor::from_pat(cx, self.head()))
-    }
-
-    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Pat<'tcx>> {
+    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>> {
         self.pats.iter().copied()
     }
 
     // Recursively expand the first pattern into its subpatterns. Only useful if the pattern is an
     // or-pattern. Panics if `self` is empty.
     fn expand_or_pat<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PatStack<'p, 'tcx>> + Captures<'a> {
-        expand_or_pat(self.head()).into_iter().map(move |pat| {
+        self.head().iter_fields().map(move |pat| {
             let mut new_patstack = PatStack::from_pattern(pat);
             new_patstack.pats.extend_from_slice(&self.pats[1..]);
             new_patstack
         })
     }
 
-    /// This computes `S(self.head_ctor(), self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
+    /// This computes `S(self.head().ctor(), self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
     ///
     /// Structure patterns with a partial wild pattern (Foo { a: 42, .. }) have their missing
     /// fields filled with wild patterns.
@@ -456,45 +403,30 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
     fn pop_head_constructor(
         &self,
         cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
+        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
     ) -> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
         // We pop the head pattern and push the new fields extracted from the arguments of
         // `self.head()`.
-        let mut new_fields: SmallVec<[_; 2]> = ctor_wild_subpatterns
-            .clone()
-            .extract_pattern_arguments(cx, self.head())
-            .iter_patterns()
-            .collect();
+        let mut new_fields: SmallVec<[_; 2]> =
+            self.head().specialize(cx, ctor).iter_patterns().collect();
         new_fields.extend_from_slice(&self.pats[1..]);
         PatStack::from_vec(new_fields)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> Default for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::from_vec(smallvec![])
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'p, 'tcx> PartialEq for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.pats == other.pats
-    }
-}
-
 /// Pretty-printing for matrix row.
 impl<'p, 'tcx> fmt::Debug for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "+")?;
         for pat in self.iter() {
-            write!(f, " {} +", pat)?;
+            write!(f, " {:?} +", pat)?;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
 /// A 2D matrix.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(super) struct Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
     patterns: Vec<PatStack<'p, 'tcx>>,
 }
@@ -512,7 +444,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// Pushes a new row to the matrix. If the row starts with an or-pattern, this recursively
     /// expands it.
     fn push(&mut self, row: PatStack<'p, 'tcx>) {
-        if !row.is_empty() && is_or_pat(row.head()) {
+        if !row.is_empty() && row.head().is_or_pat() {
             for row in row.expand_or_pat() {
                 self.patterns.push(row);
             }
@@ -522,24 +454,10 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Iterate over the first component of each row
-    fn heads<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Pat<'tcx>> + Captures<'p> {
-        self.patterns.iter().map(|r| r.head())
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate over the first constructor of each row.
-    pub(super) fn head_ctors<'a>(
+    fn heads<'a>(
         &'a self,
-        cx: &'a MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Constructor<'tcx>> + Captures<'p> + Clone {
-        self.patterns.iter().map(move |r| r.head_ctor(cx))
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate over the first constructor and the corresponding span of each row.
-    pub(super) fn head_ctors_and_spans<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        cx: &'a MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'a Constructor<'tcx>, Span)> + Captures<'p> {
-        self.patterns.iter().map(move |r| (r.head_ctor(cx), r.head().span))
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>> + Clone + Captures<'a> {
+        self.patterns.iter().map(|r| r.head())
     }
 
     /// This computes `S(constructor, self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
@@ -547,12 +465,11 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
         ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
     ) -> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
         let mut matrix = Matrix::empty();
         for row in &self.patterns {
-            if ctor.is_covered_by(pcx, row.head_ctor(pcx.cx)) {
-                let new_row = row.pop_head_constructor(pcx.cx, ctor_wild_subpatterns);
+            if ctor.is_covered_by(pcx, row.head().ctor()) {
+                let new_row = row.pop_head_constructor(pcx.cx, ctor);
                 matrix.push(new_row);
             }
         }
@@ -575,7 +492,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> fmt::Debug for Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
 
         let Matrix { patterns: m, .. } = self;
         let pretty_printed_matrix: Vec<Vec<String>> =
-            m.iter().map(|row| row.iter().map(|pat| format!("{}", pat)).collect()).collect();
+            m.iter().map(|row| row.iter().map(|pat| format!("{:?}", pat)).collect()).collect();
 
         let column_count = m.iter().map(|row| row.len()).next().unwrap_or(0);
         assert!(m.iter().all(|row| row.len() == column_count));
@@ -791,7 +708,7 @@ impl SubPatSet {
     }
 
     /// When `self` refers to a patstack that was obtained from splitting an or-pattern, after
-    /// running `unspecialize` it will refer to the original patstack before splitting.
+    /// running `unsplit_or_pat` it will refer to the original patstack before splitting.
     ///
     /// For example:
     /// ```
@@ -839,7 +756,7 @@ impl SubPatSet {
 /// witnesses of non-exhaustiveness when there are any.
 /// Which variant to use is dictated by `ArmType`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-enum Usefulness<'tcx> {
+enum Usefulness<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// Carries a set of subpatterns that have been found to be reachable. If empty, this indicates
     /// the whole pattern is unreachable. If not, this indicates that the pattern is reachable but
     /// that some sub-patterns may be unreachable (due to or-patterns). In the absence of
@@ -848,10 +765,10 @@ enum Usefulness<'tcx> {
     NoWitnesses(SubPatSet),
     /// Carries a list of witnesses of non-exhaustiveness. If empty, indicates that the whole
     /// pattern is unreachable.
-    WithWitnesses(Vec<Witness<'tcx>>),
+    WithWitnesses(Vec<Witness<'p, 'tcx>>),
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Usefulness<'tcx> {
+impl<'p, 'tcx> Usefulness<'p, 'tcx> {
     fn new_useful(preference: ArmType) -> Self {
         match preference {
             FakeExtraWildcard => WithWitnesses(vec![Witness(vec![])]),
@@ -896,12 +813,11 @@ impl<'tcx> Usefulness<'tcx> {
     /// After calculating usefulness after a specialization, call this to reconstruct a usefulness
     /// that makes sense for the matrix pre-specialization. This new usefulness can then be merged
     /// with the results of specializing with the other constructors.
-    fn apply_constructor<'p>(
+    fn apply_constructor(
         self,
         pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
         matrix: &Matrix<'p, 'tcx>, // used to compute missing ctors
         ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
     ) -> Self {
         match self {
             WithWitnesses(witnesses) if witnesses.is_empty() => WithWitnesses(witnesses),
@@ -912,23 +828,18 @@ impl<'tcx> Usefulness<'tcx> {
                     let new_patterns = if pcx.is_non_exhaustive {
                         // Here we don't want the user to try to list all variants, we want them to add
                         // a wildcard, so we only suggest that.
-                        vec![
-                            Fields::wildcards(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, &Constructor::NonExhaustive)
-                                .apply(pcx, &Constructor::NonExhaustive),
-                        ]
+                        vec![DeconstructedPat::wildcard(pcx.ty)]
                     } else {
                         let mut split_wildcard = SplitWildcard::new(pcx);
-                        split_wildcard.split(pcx, matrix.head_ctors(pcx.cx));
+                        split_wildcard.split(pcx, matrix.heads().map(DeconstructedPat::ctor));
                         // Construct for each missing constructor a "wild" version of this
                         // constructor, that matches everything that can be built with
                         // it. For example, if `ctor` is a `Constructor::Variant` for
                         // `Option::Some`, we get the pattern `Some(_)`.
                         split_wildcard
                             .iter_missing(pcx)
-                            .map(|missing_ctor| {
-                                Fields::wildcards(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, missing_ctor)
-                                    .apply(pcx, missing_ctor)
-                            })
+                            .cloned()
+                            .map(|missing_ctor| DeconstructedPat::wild_from_ctor(pcx, missing_ctor))
                             .collect()
                     };
 
@@ -945,12 +856,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Usefulness<'tcx> {
                 } else {
                     witnesses
                         .into_iter()
-                        .map(|witness| witness.apply_constructor(pcx, &ctor, ctor_wild_subpatterns))
+                        .map(|witness| witness.apply_constructor(pcx, &ctor))
                         .collect()
                 };
                 WithWitnesses(new_witnesses)
             }
-            NoWitnesses(subpats) => NoWitnesses(subpats.unspecialize(ctor_wild_subpatterns.len())),
+            NoWitnesses(subpats) => NoWitnesses(subpats.unspecialize(ctor.arity(pcx))),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -995,11 +906,11 @@ enum ArmType {
 ///
 /// The final `Pair(Some(_), true)` is then the resulting witness.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-crate struct Witness<'tcx>(Vec<Pat<'tcx>>);
+crate struct Witness<'p, 'tcx>(Vec<DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>);
 
-impl<'tcx> Witness<'tcx> {
+impl<'p, 'tcx> Witness<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// Asserts that the witness contains a single pattern, and returns it.
-    fn single_pattern(self) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+    fn single_pattern(self) -> DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
         assert_eq!(self.0.len(), 1);
         self.0.into_iter().next().unwrap()
     }
@@ -1017,17 +928,13 @@ impl<'tcx> Witness<'tcx> {
     ///
     /// left_ty: struct X { a: (bool, &'static str), b: usize}
     /// pats: [(false, "foo"), 42]  => X { a: (false, "foo"), b: 42 }
-    fn apply_constructor<'p>(
-        mut self,
-        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
-        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    fn apply_constructor(mut self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>) -> Self {
         let pat = {
             let len = self.0.len();
-            let arity = ctor_wild_subpatterns.len();
+            let arity = ctor.arity(pcx);
             let pats = self.0.drain((len - arity)..).rev();
-            ctor_wild_subpatterns.clone().replace_fields(pcx.cx, pats).apply(pcx, ctor)
+            let fields = Fields::from_iter(pcx.cx, pats);
+            DeconstructedPat::new(ctor.clone(), fields, pcx.ty)
         };
 
         self.0.push(pat);
@@ -1045,9 +952,9 @@ fn lint_non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns<'p, 'tcx>(
     scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     sp: Span,
     hir_id: HirId,
-    witnesses: Vec<Pat<'tcx>>,
+    witnesses: Vec<DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
 ) {
-    let joined_patterns = joined_uncovered_patterns(&witnesses);
+    let joined_patterns = joined_uncovered_patterns(cx, &witnesses);
     cx.tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(NON_EXHAUSTIVE_OMITTED_PATTERNS, hir_id, sp, |build| {
         let mut lint = build.build("some variants are not matched explicitly");
         lint.span_label(sp, pattern_not_covered_label(&witnesses, &joined_patterns));
@@ -1096,7 +1003,7 @@ fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
     hir_id: HirId,
     is_under_guard: bool,
     is_top_level: bool,
-) -> Usefulness<'tcx> {
+) -> Usefulness<'p, 'tcx> {
     debug!("matrix,v={:?}{:?}", matrix, v);
     let Matrix { patterns: rows, .. } = matrix;
 
@@ -1118,16 +1025,16 @@ fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
     assert!(rows.iter().all(|r| r.len() == v.len()));
 
     // FIXME(Nadrieril): Hack to work around type normalization issues (see #72476).
-    let ty = matrix.heads().next().map_or(v.head().ty, |r| r.ty);
+    let ty = matrix.heads().next().map_or(v.head().ty(), |r| r.ty());
     let is_non_exhaustive = cx.is_foreign_non_exhaustive_enum(ty);
-    let pcx = PatCtxt { cx, ty, span: v.head().span, is_top_level, is_non_exhaustive };
+    let pcx = PatCtxt { cx, ty, span: v.head().span(), is_top_level, is_non_exhaustive };
 
     // If the first pattern is an or-pattern, expand it.
     let mut ret = Usefulness::new_not_useful(witness_preference);
-    if is_or_pat(v.head()) {
+    if v.head().is_or_pat() {
         debug!("expanding or-pattern");
+        let spans: Vec<_> = v.head().iter_fields().map(|pat| pat.span()).collect();
         let vs: Vec<_> = v.expand_or_pat().collect();
-        let spans: Vec<_> = vs.iter().map(|pat| pat.head().span).collect();
         // We try each or-pattern branch in turn.
         let mut matrix = matrix.clone();
         for (i, v) in vs.into_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1143,18 +1050,18 @@ fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
             }
         }
     } else {
-        let v_ctor = v.head_ctor(cx);
+        let v_ctor = v.head().ctor();
         if let Constructor::IntRange(ctor_range) = &v_ctor {
             // Lint on likely incorrect range patterns (#63987)
             ctor_range.lint_overlapping_range_endpoints(
                 pcx,
-                matrix.head_ctors_and_spans(cx),
+                matrix.heads(),
                 matrix.column_count().unwrap_or(0),
                 hir_id,
             )
         }
         // We split the head constructor of `v`.
-        let split_ctors = v_ctor.split(pcx, matrix.head_ctors(cx));
+        let split_ctors = v_ctor.split(pcx, matrix.heads().map(DeconstructedPat::ctor));
         let is_non_exhaustive_and_wild = is_non_exhaustive && v_ctor.is_wildcard();
         // For each constructor, we compute whether there's a value that starts with it that would
         // witness the usefulness of `v`.
@@ -1162,14 +1069,11 @@ fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
         for ctor in split_ctors {
             debug!("specialize({:?})", ctor);
             // We cache the result of `Fields::wildcards` because it is used a lot.
-            let ctor_wild_subpatterns = Fields::wildcards(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, &ctor);
-            let spec_matrix =
-                start_matrix.specialize_constructor(pcx, &ctor, &ctor_wild_subpatterns);
-            let v = v.pop_head_constructor(cx, &ctor_wild_subpatterns);
+            let spec_matrix = start_matrix.specialize_constructor(pcx, &ctor);
+            let v = v.pop_head_constructor(cx, &ctor);
             let usefulness =
                 is_useful(cx, &spec_matrix, &v, witness_preference, hir_id, is_under_guard, false);
-            let usefulness =
-                usefulness.apply_constructor(pcx, start_matrix, &ctor, &ctor_wild_subpatterns);
+            let usefulness = usefulness.apply_constructor(pcx, start_matrix, &ctor);
 
             // When all the conditions are met we have a match with a `non_exhaustive` enum
             // that has the potential to trigger the `non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns` lint.
@@ -1186,19 +1090,18 @@ fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
             {
                 let patterns = {
                     let mut split_wildcard = SplitWildcard::new(pcx);
-                    split_wildcard.split(pcx, matrix.head_ctors(pcx.cx));
+                    split_wildcard.split(pcx, matrix.heads().map(DeconstructedPat::ctor));
                     // Construct for each missing constructor a "wild" version of this
                     // constructor, that matches everything that can be built with
                     // it. For example, if `ctor` is a `Constructor::Variant` for
                     // `Option::Some`, we get the pattern `Some(_)`.
                     split_wildcard
                         .iter_missing(pcx)
-                        // Filter out the `Constructor::NonExhaustive` variant it's meaningless
-                        // to our lint
+                        // Filter out the `NonExhaustive` because we want to list only real
+                        // variants.
                         .filter(|c| !c.is_non_exhaustive())
-                        .map(|missing_ctor| {
-                            Fields::wildcards(pcx.cx, pcx.ty, missing_ctor).apply(pcx, missing_ctor)
-                        })
+                        .cloned()
+                        .map(|missing_ctor| DeconstructedPat::wild_from_ctor(pcx, missing_ctor))
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                 };
 
@@ -1217,7 +1120,7 @@ fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 crate struct MatchArm<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// The pattern must have been lowered through `check_match::MatchVisitor::lower_pattern`.
-    crate pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>,
+    crate pat: &'p DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>,
     crate hir_id: HirId,
     crate has_guard: bool,
 }
@@ -1239,7 +1142,7 @@ crate struct UsefulnessReport<'p, 'tcx> {
     crate arm_usefulness: Vec<(MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>, Reachability)>,
     /// If the match is exhaustive, this is empty. If not, this contains witnesses for the lack of
     /// exhaustiveness.
-    crate non_exhaustiveness_witnesses: Vec<Pat<'tcx>>,
+    crate non_exhaustiveness_witnesses: Vec<DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx>>,
 }
 
 /// The entrypoint for the usefulness algorithm. Computes whether a match is exhaustive and which
@@ -1274,7 +1177,7 @@ crate fn compute_match_usefulness<'p, 'tcx>(
         })
         .collect();
 
-    let wild_pattern = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(Pat::wildcard_from_ty(scrut_ty));
+    let wild_pattern = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(DeconstructedPat::wildcard(scrut_ty));
     let v = PatStack::from_pattern(wild_pattern);
     let usefulness = is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, FakeExtraWildcard, scrut_hir_id, false, true);
     let non_exhaustiveness_witnesses = match usefulness {
diff --git a/src/test/ui/consts/const_in_pattern/issue-78057.stderr b/src/test/ui/consts/const_in_pattern/issue-78057.stderr
index 0d49d0e96c8..35619594f75 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/consts/const_in_pattern/issue-78057.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/consts/const_in_pattern/issue-78057.stderr
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ LL |         FOO => {},
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/issue-78057.rs:14:9
    |
+LL |         FOO => {},
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         _ => {}
-   |         ^
+   |         ^ unreachable pattern
    |
 note: the lint level is defined here
   --> $DIR/issue-78057.rs:1:9
diff --git a/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/consts-opaque.stderr b/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/consts-opaque.stderr
index 68451043cf5..05c009a6f3f 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/consts-opaque.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/consts-opaque.stderr
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ LL |         FOO => {}
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:32:9
    |
+LL |         FOO => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         _ => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^
+   |         ^ unreachable pattern
    |
 note: the lint level is defined here
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:6:9
@@ -25,8 +28,11 @@ LL |         FOO_REF => {}
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:39:9
    |
+LL |         FOO_REF => {}
+   |         ------- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         Foo(_) => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^^^^^^
+   |         ^^^^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 warning: to use a constant of type `Foo` in a pattern, `Foo` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:45:9
@@ -70,15 +76,18 @@ LL |         BAR => {}
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:63:9
    |
+LL |         BAR => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         Bar => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^^^
+   |         ^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:65:9
    |
-LL |         Bar => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
+LL |         BAR => {}
    |         --- matches any value
-LL |
+...
 LL |         _ => {}
    |         ^ unreachable pattern
 
@@ -97,14 +106,20 @@ LL |         BAR => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:72:9
    |
+LL |         BAR => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         BAR => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^^^
+   |         ^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:75:9
    |
+LL |         BAR => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+...
 LL |         _ => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^
+   |         ^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: to use a constant of type `Baz` in a pattern, `Baz` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:80:9
@@ -115,14 +130,20 @@ LL |         BAZ => {}
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:82:9
    |
+LL |         BAZ => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         Baz::Baz1 => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^^^^^^^^^
+   |         ^^^^^^^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:84:9
    |
+LL |         BAZ => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+...
 LL |         _ => {}
-   |         ^
+   |         ^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: to use a constant of type `Baz` in a pattern, `Baz` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:90:9
@@ -133,8 +154,11 @@ LL |         BAZ => {}
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:92:9
    |
+LL |         BAZ => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         _ => {}
-   |         ^
+   |         ^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: to use a constant of type `Baz` in a pattern, `Baz` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:97:9
@@ -145,20 +169,28 @@ LL |         BAZ => {}
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:99:9
    |
+LL |         BAZ => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+LL |
 LL |         Baz::Baz2 => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^^^^^^^^^
+   |         ^^^^^^^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:101:9
    |
+LL |         BAZ => {}
+   |         --- matches any value
+...
 LL |         _ => {} // should not be emitting unreachable warning
-   |         ^
+   |         ^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:127:9
    |
+LL |         Wrap(_) => {}
+   |         ------- matches any value
 LL |         WRAPQUUX => {} // detected unreachable because we do inspect the `Wrap` layer
-   |         ^^^^^^^^
+   |         ^^^^^^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/consts-opaque.rs:141:9
diff --git a/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/integer-ranges/reachability.stderr b/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/integer-ranges/reachability.stderr
index 9a02fac6a75..0ffb0ffd82a 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/integer-ranges/reachability.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/pattern/usefulness/integer-ranges/reachability.stderr
@@ -133,8 +133,10 @@ LL |         5..15 => {},
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/reachability.rs:83:9
    |
+LL |         _ => {},
+   |         - matches any value
 LL |         '\u{D7FF}'..='\u{E000}' => {},
-   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ unreachable pattern
 
 error: unreachable pattern
   --> $DIR/reachability.rs:104:9