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-rw-r--r--src/librustc/ty/error.rs81
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/ty/query/config.rs423
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/ty/query/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/ty/query/plumbing.rs4
4 files changed, 261 insertions, 248 deletions
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/error.rs b/src/librustc/ty/error.rs
index a1edf67e475..2367d482ec8 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/error.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/error.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 use hir::def_id::DefId;
 use ty::{self, BoundRegion, Region, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
 use syntax::ast;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for TypeError<'tcx> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         use self::TypeError::*;
         fn report_maybe_different(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
-                                  expected: String, found: String) -> fmt::Result {
+                                  expected: &str, found: &str) -> fmt::Result {
             // A naive approach to making sure that we're not reporting silly errors such as:
             // (expected closure, found closure).
             if expected == found {
@@ -126,15 +127,15 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for TypeError<'tcx> {
                        br)
             }
             Sorts(values) => ty::tls::with(|tcx| {
-                report_maybe_different(f, values.expected.sort_string(tcx),
-                                       values.found.sort_string(tcx))
+                report_maybe_different(f, &values.expected.sort_string(tcx),
+                                       &values.found.sort_string(tcx))
             }),
             Traits(values) => ty::tls::with(|tcx| {
                 report_maybe_different(f,
-                                       format!("trait `{}`",
-                                               tcx.item_path_str(values.expected)),
-                                       format!("trait `{}`",
-                                               tcx.item_path_str(values.found)))
+                                       &format!("trait `{}`",
+                                                tcx.item_path_str(values.expected)),
+                                       &format!("trait `{}`",
+                                                tcx.item_path_str(values.found)))
             }),
             IntMismatch(ref values) => {
                 write!(f, "expected `{:?}`, found `{:?}`",
@@ -162,8 +163,8 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for TypeError<'tcx> {
                        values.found)
             },
             ExistentialMismatch(ref values) => {
-                report_maybe_different(f, format!("trait `{}`", values.expected),
-                                       format!("trait `{}`", values.found))
+                report_maybe_different(f, &format!("trait `{}`", values.expected),
+                                       &format!("trait `{}`", values.found))
             }
             OldStyleLUB(ref err) => {
                 write!(f, "{}", err)
@@ -173,22 +174,22 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for TypeError<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'gcx, 'lcx, 'tcx> ty::TyS<'tcx> {
-    pub fn sort_string(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'lcx>) -> String {
+    pub fn sort_string(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'lcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         match self.sty {
             ty::Bool | ty::Char | ty::Int(_) |
-            ty::Uint(_) | ty::Float(_) | ty::Str | ty::Never => self.to_string(),
-            ty::Tuple(ref tys) if tys.is_empty() => self.to_string(),
+            ty::Uint(_) | ty::Float(_) | ty::Str | ty::Never => self.to_string().into(),
+            ty::Tuple(ref tys) if tys.is_empty() => self.to_string().into(),
 
-            ty::Adt(def, _) => format!("{} `{}`", def.descr(), tcx.item_path_str(def.did)),
-            ty::Foreign(def_id) => format!("extern type `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id)),
+            ty::Adt(def, _) => format!("{} `{}`", def.descr(), tcx.item_path_str(def.did)).into(),
+            ty::Foreign(def_id) => format!("extern type `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into(),
             ty::Array(_, n) => {
                 match n.assert_usize(tcx) {
-                    Some(n) => format!("array of {} elements", n),
-                    None => "array".to_string(),
+                    Some(n) => format!("array of {} elements", n).into(),
+                    None => "array".into(),
                 }
             }
-            ty::Slice(_) => "slice".to_string(),
-            ty::RawPtr(_) => "*-ptr".to_string(),
+            ty::Slice(_) => "slice".into(),
+            ty::RawPtr(_) => "*-ptr".into(),
             ty::Ref(region, ty, mutbl) => {
                 let tymut = ty::TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl };
                 let tymut_string = tymut.to_string();
@@ -199,39 +200,39 @@ impl<'a, 'gcx, 'lcx, 'tcx> ty::TyS<'tcx> {
                     format!("{}reference", match mutbl {
                         hir::Mutability::MutMutable => "mutable ",
                         _ => ""
-                    })
+                    }).into()
                 } else {
-                    format!("&{}", tymut_string)
+                    format!("&{}", tymut_string).into()
                 }
             }
-            ty::FnDef(..) => "fn item".to_string(),
-            ty::FnPtr(_) => "fn pointer".to_string(),
+            ty::FnDef(..) => "fn item".into(),
+            ty::FnPtr(_) => "fn pointer".into(),
             ty::Dynamic(ref inner, ..) => {
-                inner.principal().map_or_else(|| "trait".to_string(),
-                    |p| format!("trait {}", tcx.item_path_str(p.def_id())))
+                inner.principal().map_or_else(|| "trait".into(),
+                    |p| format!("trait {}", tcx.item_path_str(p.def_id())).into())
             }
-            ty::Closure(..) => "closure".to_string(),
-            ty::Generator(..) => "generator".to_string(),
-            ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => "generator witness".to_string(),
-            ty::Tuple(..) => "tuple".to_string(),
-            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => "inferred type".to_string(),
-            ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_)) => "integral variable".to_string(),
-            ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(_)) => "floating-point variable".to_string(),
+            ty::Closure(..) => "closure".into(),
+            ty::Generator(..) => "generator".into(),
+            ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => "generator witness".into(),
+            ty::Tuple(..) => "tuple".into(),
+            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => "inferred type".into(),
+            ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_)) => "integral variable".into(),
+            ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(_)) => "floating-point variable".into(),
             ty::Infer(ty::CanonicalTy(_)) |
-            ty::Infer(ty::FreshTy(_)) => "fresh type".to_string(),
-            ty::Infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) => "fresh integral type".to_string(),
-            ty::Infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => "fresh floating-point type".to_string(),
-            ty::Projection(_) => "associated type".to_string(),
-            ty::UnnormalizedProjection(_) => "non-normalized associated type".to_string(),
+            ty::Infer(ty::FreshTy(_)) => "fresh type".into(),
+            ty::Infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) => "fresh integral type".into(),
+            ty::Infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => "fresh floating-point type".into(),
+            ty::Projection(_) => "associated type".into(),
+            ty::UnnormalizedProjection(_) => "non-normalized associated type".into(),
             ty::Param(ref p) => {
                 if p.is_self() {
-                    "Self".to_string()
+                    "Self".into()
                 } else {
-                    "type parameter".to_string()
+                    "type parameter".into()
                 }
             }
-            ty::Opaque(..) => "opaque type".to_string(),
-            ty::Error => "type error".to_string(),
+            ty::Opaque(..) => "opaque type".into(),
+            ty::Error => "type error".into(),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/query/config.rs b/src/librustc/ty/query/config.rs
index 0e11d6e0eec..79eab3c6f34 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/query/config.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/query/config.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use ty::query::Query;
 use ty::query::QueryCache;
 use util::profiling::ProfileCategory;
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use syntax_pos::symbol::InternedString;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ pub(super) trait QueryAccessors<'tcx>: QueryConfig<'tcx> {
 }
 
 pub(super) trait QueryDescription<'tcx>: QueryAccessors<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: Self::Key) -> String;
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: Self::Key) -> Cow<'static, str>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn cache_on_disk(_: Self::Key) -> bool {
@@ -70,12 +71,12 @@ pub(super) trait QueryDescription<'tcx>: QueryAccessors<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, M: QueryAccessors<'tcx, Key=DefId>> QueryDescription<'tcx> for M {
-    default fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    default fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         if !tcx.sess.verbose() {
-            format!("processing `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+            format!("processing `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
         } else {
             let name = unsafe { ::std::intrinsics::type_name::<M>() };
-            format!("processing `{}` applied to `{:?}`", name, def_id)
+            format!("processing `{}` applied to `{:?}`", name, def_id).into()
         }
     }
 }
@@ -84,57 +85,59 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::normalize_projection_ty<'tcx> {
     fn describe(
         _tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
         goal: CanonicalProjectionGoal<'tcx>,
-    ) -> String {
-        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal)
+    ) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTyGoal<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("computing implied outlives bounds for `{:?}`", goal)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTyGoal<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing implied outlives bounds for `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::dropck_outlives<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTyGoal<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("computing dropck types for `{:?}`", goal)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTyGoal<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing dropck types for `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::normalize_ty_after_erasing_regions<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::evaluate_obligation<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalPredicateGoal<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("evaluating trait selection obligation `{}`", goal.value.value)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalPredicateGoal<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("evaluating trait selection obligation `{}`", goal.value.value).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_eq<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTypeOpEqGoal<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("evaluating `type_op_eq` `{:?}`", goal)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTypeOpEqGoal<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("evaluating `type_op_eq` `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_subtype<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTypeOpSubtypeGoal<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("evaluating `type_op_subtype` `{:?}`", goal)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTypeOpSubtypeGoal<'tcx>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("evaluating `type_op_subtype` `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_prove_predicate<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTypeOpProvePredicateGoal<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("evaluating `type_op_prove_predicate` `{:?}`", goal)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, goal: CanonicalTypeOpProvePredicateGoal<'tcx>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("evaluating `type_op_prove_predicate` `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_normalize_ty<'tcx> {
     fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
-                goal: CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal)
+                goal: CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -142,8 +145,8 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_normalize_predicate<'tcx>
     fn describe(
         _tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
         goal: CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> String {
-        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal)
+    ) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -151,134 +154,141 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_normalize_poly_fn_sig<'tc
     fn describe(
         _tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
         goal: CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, ty::PolyFnSig<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> String {
-        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal)
+    ) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_op_normalize_fn_sig<'tcx> {
     fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
-                goal: CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, ty::FnSig<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal)
+                goal: CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, ty::FnSig<'tcx>>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("normalizing `{:?}`", goal).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_copy_raw<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("computing whether `{}` is `Copy`", env.value)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing whether `{}` is `Copy`", env.value).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_sized_raw<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("computing whether `{}` is `Sized`", env.value)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing whether `{}` is `Sized`", env.value).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_freeze_raw<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("computing whether `{}` is freeze", env.value)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing whether `{}` is freeze", env.value).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::needs_drop_raw<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("computing whether `{}` needs drop", env.value)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing whether `{}` needs drop", env.value).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::layout_raw<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("computing layout of `{}`", env.value)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, env: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>)
+                -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing layout of `{}`", env.value).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::super_predicates_of<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("computing the supertraits of `{}`",
-                tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+                tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::erase_regions_ty<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("erasing regions from `{:?}`", ty)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("erasing regions from `{:?}`", ty).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::type_param_predicates<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, (_, def_id): (DefId, DefId)) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, (_, def_id): (DefId, DefId)) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         let id = tcx.hir.as_local_node_id(def_id).unwrap();
         format!("computing the bounds for type parameter `{}`",
-                tcx.hir.ty_param_name(id))
+                tcx.hir.ty_param_name(id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::coherent_trait<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("coherence checking all impls of trait `{}`",
-                tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+                tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::upstream_monomorphizations<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, k: CrateNum) -> String {
-        format!("collecting available upstream monomorphizations `{:?}`", k)
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, k: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("collecting available upstream monomorphizations `{:?}`", k).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::crate_inherent_impls<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, k: CrateNum) -> String {
-        format!("all inherent impls defined in crate `{:?}`", k)
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, k: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("all inherent impls defined in crate `{:?}`", k).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::crate_inherent_impls_overlap_check<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "check for overlap between inherent impls defined in this crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "check for overlap between inherent impls defined in this crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::crate_variances<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "computing the variances for items in this crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "computing the variances for items in this crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::inferred_outlives_crate<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "computing the inferred outlives predicates for items in this crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "computing the inferred outlives predicates for items in this crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::mir_shims<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("generating MIR shim for `{}`",
-                tcx.item_path_str(def.def_id()))
+                tcx.item_path_str(def.def_id())).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::privacy_access_levels<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "privacy access levels".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "privacy access levels".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::typeck_item_bodies<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "type-checking all item bodies".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "type-checking all item bodies".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::reachable_set<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "reachability".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "reachability".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::const_eval<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, GlobalId<'tcx>>) -> String {
-        format!("const-evaluating `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(key.value.instance.def.def_id()))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, GlobalId<'tcx>>)
+        -> Cow<'static, str>
+    {
+        format!("const-evaluating `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(key.value.instance.def.def_id())).into()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -295,14 +305,14 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::const_eval<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::mir_keys<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "getting a list of all mir_keys".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "getting a list of all mir_keys".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::symbol_name<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, instance: ty::Instance<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("computing the symbol for `{}`", instance)
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, instance: ty::Instance<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("computing the symbol for `{}`", instance).into()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -319,64 +329,64 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::symbol_name<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::describe_def<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("describe_def")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::def_span<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("def_span")
     }
 }
 
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::lookup_stability<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("stability")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::lookup_deprecation_entry<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("deprecation")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::item_attrs<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("item_attrs")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_reachable_non_generic<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("is_reachable_non_generic")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::fn_arg_names<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("fn_arg_names")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::impl_parent<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("impl_parent")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::trait_of_item<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         bug!("trait_of_item")
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::const_is_rvalue_promotable_to_static<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("const checking if rvalue is promotable to static `{}`",
-            tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+            tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -393,23 +403,24 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::const_is_rvalue_promotable_to_sta
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::rvalue_promotable_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("checking which parts of `{}` are promotable to static",
-                tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+                tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_mir_available<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("checking if item is mir available: `{}`",
-            tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+                tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::codegen_fulfill_obligation<'tcx> {
     fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>,
-                key: (ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>)) -> String {
+                key: (ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>)) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         format!("checking if `{}` fulfills its obligations", tcx.item_path_str(key.1.def_id()))
+            .into()
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -426,320 +437,320 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::codegen_fulfill_obligation<'tcx>
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::trait_impls_of<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
-        format!("trait impls of `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("trait impls of `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_object_safe<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
-        format!("determine object safety of trait `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("determine object safety of trait `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_const_fn_raw<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> String {
-        format!("checking if item is const fn: `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def_id: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("checking if item is const fn: `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def_id)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::dylib_dependency_formats<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "dylib dependency formats of crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "dylib dependency formats of crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_panic_runtime<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "checking if the crate is_panic_runtime".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "checking if the crate is_panic_runtime".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_compiler_builtins<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "checking if the crate is_compiler_builtins".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "checking if the crate is_compiler_builtins".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::has_global_allocator<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "checking if the crate has_global_allocator".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "checking if the crate has_global_allocator".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::has_panic_handler<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "checking if the crate has_panic_handler".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "checking if the crate has_panic_handler".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::extern_crate<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
-        "getting crate's ExternCrateData".to_string()
+    fn describe(_: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "getting crate's ExternCrateData".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::lint_levels<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "computing the lint levels for items in this crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "computing the lint levels for items in this crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::specializes<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: (DefId, DefId)) -> String {
-        "computing whether impls specialize one another".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: (DefId, DefId)) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "computing whether impls specialize one another".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::in_scope_traits_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> String {
-        "traits in scope at a block".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "traits in scope at a block".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_no_builtins<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "test whether a crate has #![no_builtins]".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "test whether a crate has #![no_builtins]".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::panic_strategy<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "query a crate's configured panic strategy".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "query a crate's configured panic strategy".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_profiler_runtime<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "query a crate is #![profiler_runtime]".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "query a crate is #![profiler_runtime]".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_sanitizer_runtime<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "query a crate is #![sanitizer_runtime]".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "query a crate is #![sanitizer_runtime]".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::reachable_non_generics<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the exported symbols of a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the exported symbols of a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::native_libraries<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the native libraries of a linked crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the native libraries of a linked crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::foreign_modules<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the foreign modules of a linked crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the foreign modules of a linked crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::plugin_registrar_fn<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the plugin registrar for a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the plugin registrar for a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::derive_registrar_fn<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the derive registrar for a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the derive registrar for a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::crate_disambiguator<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the disambiguator a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the disambiguator a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::crate_hash<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the hash a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the hash a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::original_crate_name<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the original name a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the original name a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::extra_filename<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the extra filename for a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the extra filename for a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::implementations_of_trait<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: (CrateNum, DefId)) -> String {
-        "looking up implementations of a trait in a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: (CrateNum, DefId)) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up implementations of a trait in a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::all_trait_implementations<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up all (?) trait implementations".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up all (?) trait implementations".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::link_args<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up link arguments for a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up link arguments for a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::resolve_lifetimes<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "resolving lifetimes".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "resolving lifetimes".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::named_region_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> String {
-        "looking up a named region".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up a named region".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::is_late_bound_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> String {
-        "testing if a region is late bound".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "testing if a region is late bound".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::object_lifetime_defaults_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> String {
-        "looking up lifetime defaults for a region".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefIndex) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up lifetime defaults for a region".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::dep_kind<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "fetching what a dependency looks like".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "fetching what a dependency looks like".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::crate_name<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "fetching what a crate is named".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "fetching what a crate is named".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::get_lib_features<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        format!("calculating the lib features map")
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the lib features map".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::defined_lib_features<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        format!("calculating the lib features defined in a crate")
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the lib features defined in a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::get_lang_items<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "calculating the lang items map".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the lang items map".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::defined_lang_items<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "calculating the lang items defined in a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the lang items defined in a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::missing_lang_items<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "calculating the missing lang items in a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the missing lang items in a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::visible_parent_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "calculating the visible parent map".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the visible parent map".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::missing_extern_crate_item<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "seeing if we're missing an `extern crate` item for this crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "seeing if we're missing an `extern crate` item for this crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::used_crate_source<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking at the source for a crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking at the source for a crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::postorder_cnums<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "generating a postorder list of CrateNums".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "generating a postorder list of CrateNums".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::maybe_unused_extern_crates<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up all possibly unused extern crates".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up all possibly unused extern crates".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::stability_index<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "calculating the stability index for the local crate".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "calculating the stability index for the local crate".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::all_traits<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "fetching all foreign and local traits".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "fetching all foreign and local traits".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::all_crate_nums<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "fetching all foreign CrateNum instances".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "fetching all foreign CrateNum instances".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::exported_symbols<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "exported_symbols".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "exported_symbols".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::collect_and_partition_mono_items<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "collect_and_partition_mono_items".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "collect_and_partition_mono_items".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::codegen_unit<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: InternedString) -> String {
-        "codegen_unit".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: InternedString) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "codegen_unit".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::output_filenames<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "output_filenames".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "output_filenames".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::vtable_methods<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx> ) -> String {
-        format!("finding all methods for trait {}", tcx.item_path_str(key.def_id()))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx> ) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("finding all methods for trait {}", tcx.item_path_str(key.def_id())).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::features_query<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up enabled feature gates".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up enabled feature gates".into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -776,20 +787,20 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::optimized_mir<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::substitute_normalize_and_test_predicates<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: (DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>)) -> String {
-        format!("testing substituted normalized predicates:`{}`", tcx.item_path_str(key.0))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, key: (DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>)) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("testing substituted normalized predicates:`{}`", tcx.item_path_str(key.0)).into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::target_features_whitelist<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "looking up the whitelist of target features".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "looking up the whitelist of target features".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::instance_def_size_estimate<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> String {
-        format!("estimating size for `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def.def_id()))
+    fn describe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, def: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        format!("estimating size for `{}`", tcx.item_path_str(def.def_id())).into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -809,26 +820,26 @@ impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::generics_of<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::program_clauses_for<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> String {
-        "generating chalk-style clauses".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: DefId) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "generating chalk-style clauses".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::program_clauses_for_env<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>) -> String {
-        "generating chalk-style clauses for param env".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "generating chalk-style clauses for param env".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::wasm_import_module_map<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "wasm import module map".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "wasm import module map".into()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> QueryDescription<'tcx> for queries::dllimport_foreign_items<'tcx> {
-    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> String {
-        "wasm import module map".to_string()
+    fn describe(_tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>, _: CrateNum) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        "wasm import module map".into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/query/mod.rs b/src/librustc/ty/query/mod.rs
index 44c9c55b8a4..7f5bc35f91f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/query/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/query/mod.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::StableVec;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_target::spec::PanicStrategy;
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use syntax_pos::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/query/plumbing.rs b/src/librustc/ty/query/plumbing.rs
index 5f6fdbddf8f..50eae945a8c 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/query/plumbing.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/query/plumbing.rs
@@ -733,14 +733,14 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_inner {
                 }
             }
 
-            pub fn describe(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>) -> String {
+            pub fn describe(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'_, '_, '_>) -> Cow<'static, str> {
                 let (r, name) = match *self {
                     $(Query::$name(key) => {
                         (queries::$name::describe(tcx, key), stringify!($name))
                     })*
                 };
                 if tcx.sess.verbose() {
-                    format!("{} [{}]", r, name)
+                    format!("{} [{}]", r, name).into()
                 } else {
                     r
                 }