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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs72
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.rs6
-rw-r--r--src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.stderr32
-rw-r--r--src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/excessive_bools.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ast_utils.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/tools/rustfmt/src/items.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/tools/rustfmt/src/utils.rs4
12 files changed, 124 insertions, 30 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index e5b61d7000a..2820d5e6e0c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -2667,13 +2667,16 @@ impl Item {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub enum Extern {
     None,
-    Implicit,
-    Explicit(StrLit),
+    Implicit(Span),
+    Explicit(StrLit, Span),
 }
 
 impl Extern {
-    pub fn from_abi(abi: Option<StrLit>) -> Extern {
-        abi.map_or(Extern::Implicit, Extern::Explicit)
+    pub fn from_abi(abi: Option<StrLit>, span: Span) -> Extern {
+        match abi {
+            Some(name) => Extern::Explicit(name, span),
+            None => Extern::Implicit(span),
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index 0ef21371694..112197c6e39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -1272,8 +1272,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     pub(super) fn lower_extern(&mut self, ext: Extern) -> abi::Abi {
         match ext {
             Extern::None => abi::Abi::Rust,
-            Extern::Implicit => abi::Abi::FALLBACK,
-            Extern::Explicit(abi) => self.lower_abi(abi),
+            Extern::Implicit(_) => abi::Abi::FALLBACK,
+            Extern::Explicit(abi, _) => self.lower_abi(abi),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
index 503bdbad258..3942062656f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ use rustc_ast::walk_list;
 use rustc_ast::*;
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust::{self, State};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_errors::{error_code, pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability};
+use rustc_errors::{
+    error_code, pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed,
+};
 use rustc_parse::validate_attr;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
     DEPRECATED_WHERE_CLAUSE_LOCATION, MISSING_ABI, PATTERNS_IN_FNS_WITHOUT_BODY,
@@ -476,6 +478,17 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
     }
 
     fn error_item_without_body(&self, sp: Span, ctx: &str, msg: &str, sugg: &str) {
+        self.error_item_without_body_with_help(sp, ctx, msg, sugg, |_| ());
+    }
+
+    fn error_item_without_body_with_help(
+        &self,
+        sp: Span,
+        ctx: &str,
+        msg: &str,
+        sugg: &str,
+        help: impl FnOnce(&mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_, ErrorGuaranteed>),
+    ) {
         let source_map = self.session.source_map();
         let end = source_map.end_point(sp);
         let replace_span = if source_map.span_to_snippet(end).map(|s| s == ";").unwrap_or(false) {
@@ -483,15 +496,15 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
         } else {
             sp.shrink_to_hi()
         };
-        self.err_handler()
-            .struct_span_err(sp, msg)
-            .span_suggestion(
-                replace_span,
-                &format!("provide a definition for the {}", ctx),
-                sugg,
-                Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
-            )
-            .emit();
+        let mut err = self.err_handler().struct_span_err(sp, msg);
+        err.span_suggestion(
+            replace_span,
+            &format!("provide a definition for the {}", ctx),
+            sugg,
+            Applicability::HasPlaceholders,
+        );
+        help(&mut err);
+        err.emit();
     }
 
     fn check_impl_item_provided<T>(&self, sp: Span, body: &Option<T>, ctx: &str, sugg: &str) {
@@ -630,7 +643,8 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
         match (fk.ctxt(), fk.header()) {
             (Some(FnCtxt::Foreign), _) => return,
             (Some(FnCtxt::Free), Some(header)) => match header.ext {
-                Extern::Explicit(StrLit { symbol_unescaped: sym::C, .. }) | Extern::Implicit
+                Extern::Explicit(StrLit { symbol_unescaped: sym::C, .. }, _)
+                | Extern::Implicit(_)
                     if matches!(header.unsafety, Unsafe::Yes(_)) =>
                 {
                     return;
@@ -842,7 +856,7 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
                     .emit();
                 });
                 self.check_late_bound_lifetime_defs(&bfty.generic_params);
-                if let Extern::Implicit = bfty.ext {
+                if let Extern::Implicit(_) = bfty.ext {
                     let sig_span = self.session.source_map().next_point(ty.span.shrink_to_lo());
                     self.maybe_lint_missing_abi(sig_span, ty.id);
                 }
@@ -1190,8 +1204,38 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
 
                 if body.is_none() {
                     let msg = "free function without a body";
-                    self.error_item_without_body(item.span, "function", msg, " { <body> }");
+                    let ext = sig.header.ext;
+
+                    let f = |e: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_, _>| {
+                        if let Extern::Implicit(start_span) | Extern::Explicit(_, start_span) = &ext
+                        {
+                            let start_suggestion = if let Extern::Explicit(abi, _) = ext {
+                                format!("extern \"{}\" {{", abi.symbol_unescaped)
+                            } else {
+                                "extern {".to_owned()
+                            };
+
+                            let end_suggestion = " }".to_owned();
+                            let end_span = item.span.shrink_to_hi();
+
+                            e
+                            .multipart_suggestion(
+                                "if you meant to declare an externally defined function, use an `extern` block",
+                                vec![(*start_span, start_suggestion), (end_span, end_suggestion)],
+                                Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                             );
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    self.error_item_without_body_with_help(
+                        item.span,
+                        "function",
+                        msg,
+                        " { <body> }",
+                        f,
+                    );
                 }
+
                 self.visit_vis(&item.vis);
                 self.visit_ident(item.ident);
                 let kind =
@@ -1556,7 +1600,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
         if let FnKind::Fn(
             _,
             _,
-            FnSig { span: sig_span, header: FnHeader { ext: Extern::Implicit, .. }, .. },
+            FnSig { span: sig_span, header: FnHeader { ext: Extern::Implicit(_), .. }, .. },
             _,
             _,
             _,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
index 37c4f665415..fd2dd6cf6c7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ impl<'a> PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
     }
 
     fn check_extern(&self, ext: ast::Extern, constness: ast::Const) {
-        if let ast::Extern::Explicit(abi) = ext {
+        if let ast::Extern::Explicit(abi, _) = ext {
             self.check_abi(abi, constness);
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
index ad8dbfd506d..c9e3a7edfa6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
@@ -1734,10 +1734,10 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
 
         match header.ext {
             ast::Extern::None => {}
-            ast::Extern::Implicit => {
+            ast::Extern::Implicit(_) => {
                 self.word_nbsp("extern");
             }
-            ast::Extern::Explicit(abi) => {
+            ast::Extern::Explicit(abi, _) => {
                 self.word_nbsp("extern");
                 self.print_literal(&abi.as_lit());
                 self.nbsp();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index 00002f6f59b..67e6402c0ae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -1353,7 +1353,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parses `extern string_literal?`.
     fn parse_extern(&mut self) -> Extern {
-        if self.eat_keyword(kw::Extern) { Extern::from_abi(self.parse_abi()) } else { Extern::None }
+        if self.eat_keyword(kw::Extern) {
+            let mut extern_span = self.prev_token.span;
+            let abi = self.parse_abi();
+            if let Some(abi) = abi {
+                extern_span = extern_span.to(abi.span);
+            }
+            Extern::from_abi(abi, extern_span)
+        } else {
+            Extern::None
+        }
     }
 
     /// Parses a string literal as an ABI spec.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.rs b/src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3bcafdef7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
+
+extern fn none_fn(x: bool) -> i32;
+//~^ ERROR free function without a body
+extern "C" fn c_fn(x: bool) -> i32;
+//~^ ERROR free function without a body
diff --git a/src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.stderr b/src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2544949ab17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/extern/not-in-block.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+error: free function without a body
+  --> $DIR/not-in-block.rs:3:1
+   |
+LL | extern fn none_fn(x: bool) -> i32;
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+help: provide a definition for the function
+   |
+LL | extern fn none_fn(x: bool) -> i32 { <body> }
+   |                                   ~~~~~~~~~~
+help: if you meant to declare an externally defined function, use an `extern` block
+   |
+LL | extern { fn none_fn(x: bool) -> i32; }
+   | ~~~~~~~~                             +
+
+error: free function without a body
+  --> $DIR/not-in-block.rs:5:1
+   |
+LL | extern "C" fn c_fn(x: bool) -> i32;
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+help: provide a definition for the function
+   |
+LL | extern "C" fn c_fn(x: bool) -> i32 { <body> }
+   |                                    ~~~~~~~~~~
+help: if you meant to declare an externally defined function, use an `extern` block
+   |
+LL | extern "C" { fn c_fn(x: bool) -> i32; }
+   | ~~~~~~~~~~~~                          +
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/excessive_bools.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/excessive_bools.rs
index f7a92bc0795..453471c8cdd 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/excessive_bools.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/excessive_bools.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl ExcessiveBools {
 
     fn check_fn_sig(&self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, fn_sig: &FnSig, span: Span) {
         match fn_sig.header.ext {
-            Extern::Implicit | Extern::Explicit(_) => return,
+            Extern::Implicit(_) | Extern::Explicit(_, _) => return,
             Extern::None => (),
         }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ast_utils.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ast_utils.rs
index 6487199172e..177e754ee09 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ast_utils.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ast_utils.rs
@@ -600,8 +600,8 @@ pub fn eq_ty(l: &Ty, r: &Ty) -> bool {
 pub fn eq_ext(l: &Extern, r: &Extern) -> bool {
     use Extern::*;
     match (l, r) {
-        (None, None) | (Implicit, Implicit) => true,
-        (Explicit(l), Explicit(r)) => eq_str_lit(l, r),
+        (None, None) | (Implicit(_), Implicit(_)) => true,
+        (Explicit(l,_), Explicit(r,_)) => eq_str_lit(l, r),
         _ => false,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/rustfmt/src/items.rs b/src/tools/rustfmt/src/items.rs
index bab881f4b4e..8f35068e35f 100644
--- a/src/tools/rustfmt/src/items.rs
+++ b/src/tools/rustfmt/src/items.rs
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl<'a> Item<'a> {
         Item {
             unsafety: fm.unsafety,
             abi: format_extern(
-                ast::Extern::from_abi(fm.abi),
+                ast::Extern::from_abi(fm.abi, DUMMY_SP),
                 config.force_explicit_abi(),
                 true,
             ),
diff --git a/src/tools/rustfmt/src/utils.rs b/src/tools/rustfmt/src/utils.rs
index 58fd95c656e..4b26f4e40df 100644
--- a/src/tools/rustfmt/src/utils.rs
+++ b/src/tools/rustfmt/src/utils.rs
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ pub(crate) fn format_extern(
 ) -> Cow<'static, str> {
     let abi = match ext {
         ast::Extern::None => "Rust".to_owned(),
-        ast::Extern::Implicit => "C".to_owned(),
-        ast::Extern::Explicit(abi) => abi.symbol_unescaped.to_string(),
+        ast::Extern::Implicit(_) => "C".to_owned(),
+        ast::Extern::Explicit(abi, _) => abi.symbol_unescaped.to_string(),
     };
 
     if abi == "Rust" && !is_mod {
generated by cgit-pink 1.4.1-3-g733a5 (git 2.37.1) at 2026-09-07 15:27:41 +0000