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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/counters.rs232
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs105
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/mod.rs118
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs10
5 files changed, 223 insertions, 257 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/counters.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/counters.rs
index 97bdb878ab1..d1f2f0c76c8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/counters.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/counters.rs
@@ -8,25 +8,50 @@ use debug::{DebugCounters, NESTED_INDENT};
 use graph::{BasicCoverageBlock, BcbBranch, CoverageGraph, TraverseCoverageGraphWithLoops};
 use spans::CoverageSpan;
 
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::graph::WithNumNodes;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_index::IndexVec;
 use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::*;
 
-/// Manages the counter and expression indexes/IDs to generate `CoverageKind` components for MIR
-/// `Coverage` statements.
+/// Generates and stores coverage counter and coverage expression information
+/// associated with nodes/edges in the BCB graph.
 pub(super) struct CoverageCounters {
     function_source_hash: u64,
     next_counter_id: CounterId,
     next_expression_id: ExpressionId,
+
+    /// Coverage counters/expressions that are associated with individual BCBs.
+    bcb_counters: IndexVec<BasicCoverageBlock, Option<CoverageKind>>,
+    /// Coverage counters/expressions that are associated with the control-flow
+    /// edge between two BCBs.
+    bcb_edge_counters: FxHashMap<(BasicCoverageBlock, BasicCoverageBlock), CoverageKind>,
+    /// Tracks which BCBs have a counter associated with some incoming edge.
+    /// Only used by debug assertions, to verify that BCBs with incoming edge
+    /// counters do not have their own physical counters (expressions are allowed).
+    bcb_has_incoming_edge_counters: BitSet<BasicCoverageBlock>,
+    /// Expression nodes that are not directly associated with any particular
+    /// BCB/edge, but are needed as operands to more complex expressions.
+    /// These are always `CoverageKind::Expression`.
+    pub(super) intermediate_expressions: Vec<CoverageKind>,
+
     pub debug_counters: DebugCounters,
 }
 
 impl CoverageCounters {
-    pub fn new(function_source_hash: u64) -> Self {
+    pub(super) fn new(function_source_hash: u64, basic_coverage_blocks: &CoverageGraph) -> Self {
+        let num_bcbs = basic_coverage_blocks.num_nodes();
+
         Self {
             function_source_hash,
             next_counter_id: CounterId::START,
             next_expression_id: ExpressionId::START,
+
+            bcb_counters: IndexVec::from_elem_n(None, num_bcbs),
+            bcb_edge_counters: FxHashMap::default(),
+            bcb_has_incoming_edge_counters: BitSet::new_empty(num_bcbs),
+            intermediate_expressions: Vec::new(),
+
             debug_counters: DebugCounters::new(),
         }
     }
@@ -38,15 +63,14 @@ impl CoverageCounters {
     }
 
     /// Makes `CoverageKind` `Counter`s and `Expressions` for the `BasicCoverageBlock`s directly or
-    /// indirectly associated with `CoverageSpans`, and returns additional `Expression`s
+    /// indirectly associated with `CoverageSpans`, and accumulates additional `Expression`s
     /// representing intermediate values.
     pub fn make_bcb_counters(
         &mut self,
-        basic_coverage_blocks: &mut CoverageGraph,
+        basic_coverage_blocks: &CoverageGraph,
         coverage_spans: &[CoverageSpan],
-    ) -> Result<Vec<CoverageKind>, Error> {
-        let mut bcb_counters = BcbCounters::new(self, basic_coverage_blocks);
-        bcb_counters.make_bcb_counters(coverage_spans)
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        MakeBcbCounters::new(self, basic_coverage_blocks).make_bcb_counters(coverage_spans)
     }
 
     fn make_counter<F>(&mut self, debug_block_label_fn: F) -> CoverageKind
@@ -106,21 +130,95 @@ impl CoverageCounters {
         self.next_expression_id = next.next_id();
         next
     }
+
+    fn set_bcb_counter(
+        &mut self,
+        bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
+        counter_kind: CoverageKind,
+    ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
+        debug_assert!(
+            // If the BCB has an edge counter (to be injected into a new `BasicBlock`), it can also
+            // have an expression (to be injected into an existing `BasicBlock` represented by this
+            // `BasicCoverageBlock`).
+            counter_kind.is_expression() || !self.bcb_has_incoming_edge_counters.contains(bcb),
+            "attempt to add a `Counter` to a BCB target with existing incoming edge counters"
+        );
+        let operand = counter_kind.as_operand();
+        if let Some(replaced) = self.bcb_counters[bcb].replace(counter_kind) {
+            Error::from_string(format!(
+                "attempt to set a BasicCoverageBlock coverage counter more than once; \
+                {bcb:?} already had counter {replaced:?}",
+            ))
+        } else {
+            Ok(operand)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_bcb_edge_counter(
+        &mut self,
+        from_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
+        to_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
+        counter_kind: CoverageKind,
+    ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
+        if level_enabled!(tracing::Level::DEBUG) {
+            // If the BCB has an edge counter (to be injected into a new `BasicBlock`), it can also
+            // have an expression (to be injected into an existing `BasicBlock` represented by this
+            // `BasicCoverageBlock`).
+            if self.bcb_counter(to_bcb).is_some_and(|c| !c.is_expression()) {
+                return Error::from_string(format!(
+                    "attempt to add an incoming edge counter from {from_bcb:?} when the target BCB already \
+                    has a `Counter`"
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        self.bcb_has_incoming_edge_counters.insert(to_bcb);
+        let operand = counter_kind.as_operand();
+        if let Some(replaced) = self.bcb_edge_counters.insert((from_bcb, to_bcb), counter_kind) {
+            Error::from_string(format!(
+                "attempt to set an edge counter more than once; from_bcb: \
+                {from_bcb:?} already had counter {replaced:?}",
+            ))
+        } else {
+            Ok(operand)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn bcb_counter(&self, bcb: BasicCoverageBlock) -> Option<&CoverageKind> {
+        self.bcb_counters[bcb].as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn take_bcb_counter(&mut self, bcb: BasicCoverageBlock) -> Option<CoverageKind> {
+        self.bcb_counters[bcb].take()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn drain_bcb_counters(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (BasicCoverageBlock, CoverageKind)> + '_ {
+        self.bcb_counters
+            .iter_enumerated_mut()
+            .filter_map(|(bcb, counter)| Some((bcb, counter.take()?)))
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn drain_bcb_edge_counters(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ((BasicCoverageBlock, BasicCoverageBlock), CoverageKind)> + '_ {
+        self.bcb_edge_counters.drain()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Traverse the `CoverageGraph` and add either a `Counter` or `Expression` to every BCB, to be
 /// injected with `CoverageSpan`s. `Expressions` have no runtime overhead, so if a viable expression
 /// (adding or subtracting two other counters or expressions) can compute the same result as an
 /// embedded counter, an `Expression` should be used.
-struct BcbCounters<'a> {
+struct MakeBcbCounters<'a> {
     coverage_counters: &'a mut CoverageCounters,
-    basic_coverage_blocks: &'a mut CoverageGraph,
+    basic_coverage_blocks: &'a CoverageGraph,
 }
 
-impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
+impl<'a> MakeBcbCounters<'a> {
     fn new(
         coverage_counters: &'a mut CoverageCounters,
-        basic_coverage_blocks: &'a mut CoverageGraph,
+        basic_coverage_blocks: &'a CoverageGraph,
     ) -> Self {
         Self { coverage_counters, basic_coverage_blocks }
     }
@@ -135,13 +233,9 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
     /// Returns any non-code-span expressions created to represent intermediate values (such as to
     /// add two counters so the result can be subtracted from another counter), or an Error with
     /// message for subsequent debugging.
-    fn make_bcb_counters(
-        &mut self,
-        coverage_spans: &[CoverageSpan],
-    ) -> Result<Vec<CoverageKind>, Error> {
+    fn make_bcb_counters(&mut self, coverage_spans: &[CoverageSpan]) -> Result<(), Error> {
         debug!("make_bcb_counters(): adding a counter or expression to each BasicCoverageBlock");
         let num_bcbs = self.basic_coverage_blocks.num_nodes();
-        let mut collect_intermediate_expressions = Vec::with_capacity(num_bcbs);
 
         let mut bcbs_with_coverage = BitSet::new_empty(num_bcbs);
         for covspan in coverage_spans {
@@ -162,16 +256,10 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         while let Some(bcb) = traversal.next(self.basic_coverage_blocks) {
             if bcbs_with_coverage.contains(bcb) {
                 debug!("{:?} has at least one `CoverageSpan`. Get or make its counter", bcb);
-                let branching_counter_operand =
-                    self.get_or_make_counter_operand(bcb, &mut collect_intermediate_expressions)?;
+                let branching_counter_operand = self.get_or_make_counter_operand(bcb)?;
 
                 if self.bcb_needs_branch_counters(bcb) {
-                    self.make_branch_counters(
-                        &mut traversal,
-                        bcb,
-                        branching_counter_operand,
-                        &mut collect_intermediate_expressions,
-                    )?;
+                    self.make_branch_counters(&mut traversal, bcb, branching_counter_operand)?;
                 }
             } else {
                 debug!(
@@ -183,7 +271,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         }
 
         if traversal.is_complete() {
-            Ok(collect_intermediate_expressions)
+            Ok(())
         } else {
             Error::from_string(format!(
                 "`TraverseCoverageGraphWithLoops` missed some `BasicCoverageBlock`s: {:?}",
@@ -197,7 +285,6 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         traversal: &mut TraverseCoverageGraphWithLoops,
         branching_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
         branching_counter_operand: Operand,
-        collect_intermediate_expressions: &mut Vec<CoverageKind>,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let branches = self.bcb_branches(branching_bcb);
         debug!(
@@ -205,9 +292,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
             branching_bcb,
             branches
                 .iter()
-                .map(|branch| {
-                    format!("{:?}: {:?}", branch, branch.counter(&self.basic_coverage_blocks))
-                })
+                .map(|branch| { format!("{:?}: {:?}", branch, self.branch_counter(branch)) })
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                 .join("\n  "),
         );
@@ -233,17 +318,10 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
                         counter",
                         branch, branching_bcb
                     );
-                    self.get_or_make_counter_operand(
-                        branch.target_bcb,
-                        collect_intermediate_expressions,
-                    )?
+                    self.get_or_make_counter_operand(branch.target_bcb)?
                 } else {
                     debug!("  {:?} has multiple incoming edges, so adding an edge counter", branch);
-                    self.get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(
-                        branching_bcb,
-                        branch.target_bcb,
-                        collect_intermediate_expressions,
-                    )?
+                    self.get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(branching_bcb, branch.target_bcb)?
                 };
                 if let Some(sumup_counter_operand) =
                     some_sumup_counter_operand.replace(branch_counter_operand)
@@ -259,7 +337,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
                         self.format_counter(&intermediate_expression)
                     );
                     let intermediate_expression_operand = intermediate_expression.as_operand();
-                    collect_intermediate_expressions.push(intermediate_expression);
+                    self.coverage_counters.intermediate_expressions.push(intermediate_expression);
                     some_sumup_counter_operand.replace(intermediate_expression_operand);
                 }
             }
@@ -284,29 +362,24 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         debug!("{:?} gets an expression: {}", expression_branch, self.format_counter(&expression));
         let bcb = expression_branch.target_bcb;
         if expression_branch.is_only_path_to_target() {
-            self.basic_coverage_blocks[bcb].set_counter(expression)?;
+            self.coverage_counters.set_bcb_counter(bcb, expression)?;
         } else {
-            self.basic_coverage_blocks[bcb].set_edge_counter_from(branching_bcb, expression)?;
+            self.coverage_counters.set_bcb_edge_counter(branching_bcb, bcb, expression)?;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn get_or_make_counter_operand(
-        &mut self,
-        bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
-        collect_intermediate_expressions: &mut Vec<CoverageKind>,
-    ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
-        self.recursive_get_or_make_counter_operand(bcb, collect_intermediate_expressions, 1)
+    fn get_or_make_counter_operand(&mut self, bcb: BasicCoverageBlock) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
+        self.recursive_get_or_make_counter_operand(bcb, 1)
     }
 
     fn recursive_get_or_make_counter_operand(
         &mut self,
         bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
-        collect_intermediate_expressions: &mut Vec<CoverageKind>,
         debug_indent_level: usize,
     ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
         // If the BCB already has a counter, return it.
-        if let Some(counter_kind) = self.basic_coverage_blocks[bcb].counter() {
+        if let Some(counter_kind) = &self.coverage_counters.bcb_counters[bcb] {
             debug!(
                 "{}{:?} already has a counter: {}",
                 NESTED_INDENT.repeat(debug_indent_level),
@@ -339,7 +412,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
                     self.format_counter(&counter_kind),
                 );
             }
-            return self.basic_coverage_blocks[bcb].set_counter(counter_kind);
+            return self.coverage_counters.set_bcb_counter(bcb, counter_kind);
         }
 
         // A BCB with multiple incoming edges can compute its count by `Expression`, summing up the
@@ -355,7 +428,6 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         let first_edge_counter_operand = self.recursive_get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(
             predecessors.next().unwrap(),
             bcb,
-            collect_intermediate_expressions,
             debug_indent_level + 1,
         )?;
         let mut some_sumup_edge_counter_operand = None;
@@ -363,7 +435,6 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
             let edge_counter_operand = self.recursive_get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(
                 predecessor,
                 bcb,
-                collect_intermediate_expressions,
                 debug_indent_level + 1,
             )?;
             if let Some(sumup_edge_counter_operand) =
@@ -381,7 +452,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
                     self.format_counter(&intermediate_expression)
                 );
                 let intermediate_expression_operand = intermediate_expression.as_operand();
-                collect_intermediate_expressions.push(intermediate_expression);
+                self.coverage_counters.intermediate_expressions.push(intermediate_expression);
                 some_sumup_edge_counter_operand.replace(intermediate_expression_operand);
             }
         }
@@ -397,43 +468,34 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
             bcb,
             self.format_counter(&counter_kind)
         );
-        self.basic_coverage_blocks[bcb].set_counter(counter_kind)
+        self.coverage_counters.set_bcb_counter(bcb, counter_kind)
     }
 
     fn get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(
         &mut self,
         from_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
         to_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
-        collect_intermediate_expressions: &mut Vec<CoverageKind>,
     ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
-        self.recursive_get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(
-            from_bcb,
-            to_bcb,
-            collect_intermediate_expressions,
-            1,
-        )
+        self.recursive_get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(from_bcb, to_bcb, 1)
     }
 
     fn recursive_get_or_make_edge_counter_operand(
         &mut self,
         from_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
         to_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
-        collect_intermediate_expressions: &mut Vec<CoverageKind>,
         debug_indent_level: usize,
     ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
         // If the source BCB has only one successor (assumed to be the given target), an edge
         // counter is unnecessary. Just get or make a counter for the source BCB.
         let successors = self.bcb_successors(from_bcb).iter();
         if successors.len() == 1 {
-            return self.recursive_get_or_make_counter_operand(
-                from_bcb,
-                collect_intermediate_expressions,
-                debug_indent_level + 1,
-            );
+            return self.recursive_get_or_make_counter_operand(from_bcb, debug_indent_level + 1);
         }
 
         // If the edge already has a counter, return it.
-        if let Some(counter_kind) = self.basic_coverage_blocks[to_bcb].edge_counter_from(from_bcb) {
+        if let Some(counter_kind) =
+            self.coverage_counters.bcb_edge_counters.get(&(from_bcb, to_bcb))
+        {
             debug!(
                 "{}Edge {:?}->{:?} already has a counter: {}",
                 NESTED_INDENT.repeat(debug_indent_level),
@@ -454,7 +516,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
             to_bcb,
             self.format_counter(&counter_kind)
         );
-        self.basic_coverage_blocks[to_bcb].set_edge_counter_from(from_bcb, counter_kind)
+        self.coverage_counters.set_bcb_edge_counter(from_bcb, to_bcb, counter_kind)
     }
 
     /// Select a branch for the expression, either the recommended `reloop_branch`, or if none was
@@ -464,8 +526,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         traversal: &TraverseCoverageGraphWithLoops,
         branches: &[BcbBranch],
     ) -> BcbBranch {
-        let branch_needs_a_counter =
-            |branch: &BcbBranch| branch.counter(&self.basic_coverage_blocks).is_none();
+        let branch_needs_a_counter = |branch: &BcbBranch| self.branch_has_no_counter(branch);
 
         let some_reloop_branch = self.find_some_reloop_branch(traversal, &branches);
         if let Some(reloop_branch_without_counter) =
@@ -478,10 +539,8 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
             );
             reloop_branch_without_counter
         } else {
-            let &branch_without_counter = branches
-                .iter()
-                .find(|&&branch| branch.counter(&self.basic_coverage_blocks).is_none())
-                .expect(
+            let &branch_without_counter =
+                branches.iter().find(|&branch| self.branch_has_no_counter(branch)).expect(
                     "needs_branch_counters was `true` so there should be at least one \
                     branch",
                 );
@@ -508,8 +567,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
         traversal: &TraverseCoverageGraphWithLoops,
         branches: &[BcbBranch],
     ) -> Option<BcbBranch> {
-        let branch_needs_a_counter =
-            |branch: &BcbBranch| branch.counter(&self.basic_coverage_blocks).is_none();
+        let branch_needs_a_counter = |branch: &BcbBranch| self.branch_has_no_counter(branch);
 
         let mut some_reloop_branch: Option<BcbBranch> = None;
         for context in traversal.context_stack.iter().rev() {
@@ -520,7 +578,7 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
                         self.bcb_dominates(branch.target_bcb, backedge_from_bcb)
                     }) {
                         if let Some(reloop_branch) = some_reloop_branch {
-                            if reloop_branch.counter(&self.basic_coverage_blocks).is_none() {
+                            if self.branch_has_no_counter(&reloop_branch) {
                                 // we already found a candidate reloop_branch that still
                                 // needs a counter
                                 continue;
@@ -586,12 +644,24 @@ impl<'a> BcbCounters<'a> {
     }
 
     fn bcb_needs_branch_counters(&self, bcb: BasicCoverageBlock) -> bool {
-        let branch_needs_a_counter =
-            |branch: &BcbBranch| branch.counter(&self.basic_coverage_blocks).is_none();
+        let branch_needs_a_counter = |branch: &BcbBranch| self.branch_has_no_counter(branch);
         let branches = self.bcb_branches(bcb);
         branches.len() > 1 && branches.iter().any(branch_needs_a_counter)
     }
 
+    fn branch_has_no_counter(&self, branch: &BcbBranch) -> bool {
+        self.branch_counter(branch).is_none()
+    }
+
+    fn branch_counter(&self, branch: &BcbBranch) -> Option<&CoverageKind> {
+        let to_bcb = branch.target_bcb;
+        if let Some(from_bcb) = branch.edge_from_bcb {
+            self.coverage_counters.bcb_edge_counters.get(&(from_bcb, to_bcb))
+        } else {
+            self.coverage_counters.bcb_counters[to_bcb].as_ref()
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if the BasicCoverageBlock has zero or one incoming edge. (If zero, it should be
     /// the entry point for the function.)
     #[inline]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs
index 26f9cfd0b86..d2c0c4ba069 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@
 //!         recursively, generating labels with nested operations, enclosed in parentheses
 //!         (for example: `bcb2 + (bcb0 - bcb1)`).
 
+use super::counters::CoverageCounters;
 use super::graph::{BasicCoverageBlock, BasicCoverageBlockData, CoverageGraph};
 use super::spans::CoverageSpan;
 
@@ -659,18 +660,21 @@ pub(super) fn dump_coverage_graphviz<'tcx>(
     mir_body: &mir::Body<'tcx>,
     pass_name: &str,
     basic_coverage_blocks: &CoverageGraph,
-    debug_counters: &DebugCounters,
+    coverage_counters: &CoverageCounters,
     graphviz_data: &GraphvizData,
     intermediate_expressions: &[CoverageKind],
     debug_used_expressions: &UsedExpressions,
 ) {
+    let debug_counters = &coverage_counters.debug_counters;
+
     let mir_source = mir_body.source;
     let def_id = mir_source.def_id();
     let node_content = |bcb| {
         bcb_to_string_sections(
             tcx,
             mir_body,
-            debug_counters,
+            coverage_counters,
+            bcb,
             &basic_coverage_blocks[bcb],
             graphviz_data.get_bcb_coverage_spans_with_counters(bcb),
             graphviz_data.get_bcb_dependency_counters(bcb),
@@ -736,12 +740,15 @@ pub(super) fn dump_coverage_graphviz<'tcx>(
 fn bcb_to_string_sections<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     mir_body: &mir::Body<'tcx>,
-    debug_counters: &DebugCounters,
+    coverage_counters: &CoverageCounters,
+    bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
     bcb_data: &BasicCoverageBlockData,
     some_coverage_spans_with_counters: Option<&[(CoverageSpan, CoverageKind)]>,
     some_dependency_counters: Option<&[CoverageKind]>,
     some_intermediate_expressions: Option<&[CoverageKind]>,
 ) -> Vec<String> {
+    let debug_counters = &coverage_counters.debug_counters;
+
     let len = bcb_data.basic_blocks.len();
     let mut sections = Vec::new();
     if let Some(collect_intermediate_expressions) = some_intermediate_expressions {
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ fn bcb_to_string_sections<'tcx>(
                 .join("  \n"),
         ));
     }
-    if let Some(counter_kind) = &bcb_data.counter_kind {
+    if let Some(counter_kind) = coverage_counters.bcb_counter(bcb) {
         sections.push(format!("{counter_kind:?}"));
     }
     let non_term_blocks = bcb_data.basic_blocks[0..len - 1]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
index f94dad4c8da..59b01ffec0f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-use super::Error;
-
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::graph::dominators::{self, Dominators};
 use rustc_data_structures::graph::{self, GraphSuccessors, WithNumNodes, WithStartNode};
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
 use rustc_index::{IndexSlice, IndexVec};
-use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::*;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, BasicBlockData, Terminator, TerminatorKind};
 
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
@@ -15,10 +11,7 @@ use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 const ID_SEPARATOR: &str = ",";
 
 /// A coverage-specific simplification of the MIR control flow graph (CFG). The `CoverageGraph`s
-/// nodes are `BasicCoverageBlock`s, which encompass one or more MIR `BasicBlock`s, plus a
-/// `CoverageKind` counter (to be added by `CoverageCounters::make_bcb_counters`), and an optional
-/// set of additional counters--if needed--to count incoming edges, if there are more than one.
-/// (These "edge counters" are eventually converted into new MIR `BasicBlock`s.)
+/// nodes are `BasicCoverageBlock`s, which encompass one or more MIR `BasicBlock`s.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) struct CoverageGraph {
     bcbs: IndexVec<BasicCoverageBlock, BasicCoverageBlockData>,
@@ -196,13 +189,6 @@ impl CoverageGraph {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn iter_enumerated_mut(
-        &mut self,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (BasicCoverageBlock, &mut BasicCoverageBlockData)> {
-        self.bcbs.iter_enumerated_mut()
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn bcb_from_bb(&self, bb: BasicBlock) -> Option<BasicCoverageBlock> {
         if bb.index() < self.bb_to_bcb.len() { self.bb_to_bcb[bb] } else { None }
     }
@@ -320,14 +306,12 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct BasicCoverageBlockData {
     pub basic_blocks: Vec<BasicBlock>,
-    pub counter_kind: Option<CoverageKind>,
-    edge_from_bcbs: Option<FxHashMap<BasicCoverageBlock, CoverageKind>>,
 }
 
 impl BasicCoverageBlockData {
     pub fn from(basic_blocks: Vec<BasicBlock>) -> Self {
         assert!(basic_blocks.len() > 0);
-        Self { basic_blocks, counter_kind: None, edge_from_bcbs: None }
+        Self { basic_blocks }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -345,80 +329,6 @@ impl BasicCoverageBlockData {
         &mir_body[self.last_bb()].terminator()
     }
 
-    pub fn set_counter(&mut self, counter_kind: CoverageKind) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
-        debug_assert!(
-            // If the BCB has an edge counter (to be injected into a new `BasicBlock`), it can also
-            // have an expression (to be injected into an existing `BasicBlock` represented by this
-            // `BasicCoverageBlock`).
-            self.edge_from_bcbs.is_none() || counter_kind.is_expression(),
-            "attempt to add a `Counter` to a BCB target with existing incoming edge counters"
-        );
-        let operand = counter_kind.as_operand();
-        if let Some(replaced) = self.counter_kind.replace(counter_kind) {
-            Error::from_string(format!(
-                "attempt to set a BasicCoverageBlock coverage counter more than once; \
-                {self:?} already had counter {replaced:?}",
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(operand)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn counter(&self) -> Option<&CoverageKind> {
-        self.counter_kind.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn take_counter(&mut self) -> Option<CoverageKind> {
-        self.counter_kind.take()
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_edge_counter_from(
-        &mut self,
-        from_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock,
-        counter_kind: CoverageKind,
-    ) -> Result<Operand, Error> {
-        if level_enabled!(tracing::Level::DEBUG) {
-            // If the BCB has an edge counter (to be injected into a new `BasicBlock`), it can also
-            // have an expression (to be injected into an existing `BasicBlock` represented by this
-            // `BasicCoverageBlock`).
-            if self.counter_kind.as_ref().is_some_and(|c| !c.is_expression()) {
-                return Error::from_string(format!(
-                    "attempt to add an incoming edge counter from {from_bcb:?} when the target BCB already \
-                    has a `Counter`"
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        let operand = counter_kind.as_operand();
-        if let Some(replaced) =
-            self.edge_from_bcbs.get_or_insert_default().insert(from_bcb, counter_kind)
-        {
-            Error::from_string(format!(
-                "attempt to set an edge counter more than once; from_bcb: \
-                {from_bcb:?} already had counter {replaced:?}",
-            ))
-        } else {
-            Ok(operand)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn edge_counter_from(&self, from_bcb: BasicCoverageBlock) -> Option<&CoverageKind> {
-        if let Some(edge_from_bcbs) = &self.edge_from_bcbs {
-            edge_from_bcbs.get(&from_bcb)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn take_edge_counters(
-        &mut self,
-    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = (BasicCoverageBlock, CoverageKind)>> {
-        self.edge_from_bcbs.take().map(|m| m.into_iter())
-    }
-
     pub fn id(&self) -> String {
         format!("@{}", self.basic_blocks.iter().map(|bb| bb.index().to_string()).join(ID_SEPARATOR))
     }
@@ -448,17 +358,6 @@ impl BcbBranch {
         Self { edge_from_bcb, target_bcb: to_bcb }
     }
 
-    pub fn counter<'a>(
-        &self,
-        basic_coverage_blocks: &'a CoverageGraph,
-    ) -> Option<&'a CoverageKind> {
-        if let Some(from_bcb) = self.edge_from_bcb {
-            basic_coverage_blocks[self.target_bcb].edge_counter_from(from_bcb)
-        } else {
-            basic_coverage_blocks[self.target_bcb].counter()
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn is_only_path_to_target(&self) -> bool {
         self.edge_from_bcb.is_none()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/mod.rs
index f713613d313..e08b6d6f6e8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/mod.rs
@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let function_source_hash = hash_mir_source(tcx, hir_body);
         let basic_coverage_blocks = CoverageGraph::from_mir(mir_body);
+        let coverage_counters = CoverageCounters::new(function_source_hash, &basic_coverage_blocks);
+
         Self {
             pass_name,
             tcx,
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
             fn_sig_span,
             body_span,
             basic_coverage_blocks,
-            coverage_counters: CoverageCounters::new(function_source_hash),
+            coverage_counters,
         }
     }
 
@@ -199,52 +201,47 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
         // `BasicCoverageBlock`s not already associated with a `CoverageSpan`.
         //
         // Intermediate expressions (used to compute other `Expression` values), which have no
-        // direct associate to any `BasicCoverageBlock`, are returned in the method `Result`.
-        let intermediate_expressions_or_error = self
+        // direct association with any `BasicCoverageBlock`, are accumulated inside `coverage_counters`.
+        let result = self
             .coverage_counters
             .make_bcb_counters(&mut self.basic_coverage_blocks, &coverage_spans);
 
-        let (result, intermediate_expressions) = match intermediate_expressions_or_error {
-            Ok(intermediate_expressions) => {
-                // If debugging, add any intermediate expressions (which are not associated with any
-                // BCB) to the `debug_used_expressions` map.
-                if debug_used_expressions.is_enabled() {
-                    for intermediate_expression in &intermediate_expressions {
-                        debug_used_expressions.add_expression_operands(intermediate_expression);
-                    }
+        if let Ok(()) = result {
+            // If debugging, add any intermediate expressions (which are not associated with any
+            // BCB) to the `debug_used_expressions` map.
+            if debug_used_expressions.is_enabled() {
+                for intermediate_expression in &self.coverage_counters.intermediate_expressions {
+                    debug_used_expressions.add_expression_operands(intermediate_expression);
                 }
-
-                ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-                // Remove the counter or edge counter from of each `CoverageSpan`s associated
-                // `BasicCoverageBlock`, and inject a `Coverage` statement into the MIR.
-                //
-                // `Coverage` statements injected from `CoverageSpan`s will include the code regions
-                // (source code start and end positions) to be counted by the associated counter.
-                //
-                // These `CoverageSpan`-associated counters are removed from their associated
-                // `BasicCoverageBlock`s so that the only remaining counters in the `CoverageGraph`
-                // are indirect counters (to be injected next, without associated code regions).
-                self.inject_coverage_span_counters(
-                    coverage_spans,
-                    &mut graphviz_data,
-                    &mut debug_used_expressions,
-                );
-
-                ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-                // For any remaining `BasicCoverageBlock` counters (that were not associated with
-                // any `CoverageSpan`), inject `Coverage` statements (_without_ code region `Span`s)
-                // to ensure `BasicCoverageBlock` counters that other `Expression`s may depend on
-                // are in fact counted, even though they don't directly contribute to counting
-                // their own independent code region's coverage.
-                self.inject_indirect_counters(&mut graphviz_data, &mut debug_used_expressions);
-
-                // Intermediate expressions will be injected as the final step, after generating
-                // debug output, if any.
-                ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-                (Ok(()), intermediate_expressions)
             }
-            Err(e) => (Err(e), Vec::new()),
+
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // Remove the counter or edge counter from of each `CoverageSpan`s associated
+            // `BasicCoverageBlock`, and inject a `Coverage` statement into the MIR.
+            //
+            // `Coverage` statements injected from `CoverageSpan`s will include the code regions
+            // (source code start and end positions) to be counted by the associated counter.
+            //
+            // These `CoverageSpan`-associated counters are removed from their associated
+            // `BasicCoverageBlock`s so that the only remaining counters in the `CoverageGraph`
+            // are indirect counters (to be injected next, without associated code regions).
+            self.inject_coverage_span_counters(
+                coverage_spans,
+                &mut graphviz_data,
+                &mut debug_used_expressions,
+            );
+
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // For any remaining `BasicCoverageBlock` counters (that were not associated with
+            // any `CoverageSpan`), inject `Coverage` statements (_without_ code region `Span`s)
+            // to ensure `BasicCoverageBlock` counters that other `Expression`s may depend on
+            // are in fact counted, even though they don't directly contribute to counting
+            // their own independent code region's coverage.
+            self.inject_indirect_counters(&mut graphviz_data, &mut debug_used_expressions);
+
+            // Intermediate expressions will be injected as the final step, after generating
+            // debug output, if any.
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
         };
 
         if graphviz_data.is_enabled() {
@@ -255,9 +252,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.mir_body,
                 self.pass_name,
                 &self.basic_coverage_blocks,
-                &self.coverage_counters.debug_counters,
+                &self.coverage_counters,
                 &graphviz_data,
-                &intermediate_expressions,
+                &self.coverage_counters.intermediate_expressions,
                 &debug_used_expressions,
             );
         }
@@ -273,7 +270,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
         // Finally, inject the intermediate expressions collected along the way.
-        for intermediate_expression in intermediate_expressions {
+        for intermediate_expression in self.coverage_counters.intermediate_expressions.drain(..) {
             inject_intermediate_expression(self.mir_body, intermediate_expression);
         }
     }
@@ -303,7 +300,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
             let span = covspan.span;
             let counter_kind = if let Some(&counter_operand) = bcb_counters[bcb].as_ref() {
                 self.coverage_counters.make_identity_counter(counter_operand)
-            } else if let Some(counter_kind) = self.bcb_data_mut(bcb).take_counter() {
+            } else if let Some(counter_kind) = self.coverage_counters.take_bcb_counter(bcb) {
                 bcb_counters[bcb] = Some(counter_kind.as_operand());
                 debug_used_expressions.add_expression_operands(&counter_kind);
                 counter_kind
@@ -343,19 +340,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
         debug_used_expressions: &mut debug::UsedExpressions,
     ) {
         let mut bcb_counters_without_direct_coverage_spans = Vec::new();
-        for (target_bcb, target_bcb_data) in self.basic_coverage_blocks.iter_enumerated_mut() {
-            if let Some(counter_kind) = target_bcb_data.take_counter() {
-                bcb_counters_without_direct_coverage_spans.push((None, target_bcb, counter_kind));
-            }
-            if let Some(edge_counters) = target_bcb_data.take_edge_counters() {
-                for (from_bcb, counter_kind) in edge_counters {
-                    bcb_counters_without_direct_coverage_spans.push((
-                        Some(from_bcb),
-                        target_bcb,
-                        counter_kind,
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
+        for (target_bcb, counter_kind) in self.coverage_counters.drain_bcb_counters() {
+            bcb_counters_without_direct_coverage_spans.push((None, target_bcb, counter_kind));
+        }
+        for ((from_bcb, target_bcb), counter_kind) in
+            self.coverage_counters.drain_bcb_edge_counters()
+        {
+            bcb_counters_without_direct_coverage_spans.push((
+                Some(from_bcb),
+                target_bcb,
+                counter_kind,
+            ));
         }
 
         // If debug is enabled, validate that every BCB or edge counter not directly associated
@@ -431,11 +426,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instrumentor<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn bcb_data_mut(&mut self, bcb: BasicCoverageBlock) -> &mut BasicCoverageBlockData {
-        &mut self.basic_coverage_blocks[bcb]
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     fn format_counter(&self, counter_kind: &CoverageKind) -> String {
         self.coverage_counters.debug_counters.format_counter(counter_kind)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs
index 248a192f8f5..d797a6057a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs
@@ -675,16 +675,16 @@ fn test_make_bcb_counters() {
                 ));
             }
         }
-        let mut coverage_counters = counters::CoverageCounters::new(0);
-        let intermediate_expressions = coverage_counters
+        let mut coverage_counters = counters::CoverageCounters::new(0, &basic_coverage_blocks);
+        let () = coverage_counters
             .make_bcb_counters(&mut basic_coverage_blocks, &coverage_spans)
             .expect("should be Ok");
-        assert_eq!(intermediate_expressions.len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(coverage_counters.intermediate_expressions.len(), 0);
 
         let_bcb!(1);
         assert_eq!(
             0, // bcb1 has a `Counter` with id = 0
-            match basic_coverage_blocks[bcb1].counter().expect("should have a counter") {
+            match coverage_counters.bcb_counter(bcb1).expect("should have a counter") {
                 CoverageKind::Counter { id, .. } => id,
                 _ => panic!("expected a Counter"),
             }
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ fn test_make_bcb_counters() {
         let_bcb!(2);
         assert_eq!(
             1, // bcb2 has a `Counter` with id = 1
-            match basic_coverage_blocks[bcb2].counter().expect("should have a counter") {
+            match coverage_counters.bcb_counter(bcb2).expect("should have a counter") {
                 CoverageKind::Counter { id, .. } => id,
                 _ => panic!("expected a Counter"),
             }