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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/input_output.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs85
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/ty.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/cast.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/machine.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/place.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/ops.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0464.md15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0523.md25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs95
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/adjust_fulfillment_errors.rs374
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs370
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs41
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs95
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs110
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/drop_flag_effects.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/builder.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/value_analysis.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/caches.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/infcx_ext.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals/structural_traits.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs86
84 files changed, 1015 insertions, 868 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
index d7767efa984..cd621bc67a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
@@ -1567,8 +1567,18 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
 
             match bound {
                 GenericBound::Trait(tref, modifier) => {
-                    if modifier == &TraitBoundModifier::Maybe {
-                        self.word("?");
+                    match modifier {
+                        TraitBoundModifier::None => {}
+                        TraitBoundModifier::Maybe => {
+                            self.word("?");
+                        }
+                        TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst => {
+                            self.word_space("~const");
+                        }
+                        TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConstMaybe => {
+                            self.word_space("~const");
+                            self.word("?");
+                        }
                     }
                     self.print_poly_trait_ref(tref);
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
index b0a8188e5e0..7b07c2a4633 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
@@ -803,6 +803,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 predicates
                     .iter()
                     .map(|(param, constraint)| (param.name.as_str(), &**constraint, None)),
+                None,
             );
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs
index a75ec87be4c..3006e27e1d5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
                         if let ty::Adt(def, substs) = ty.kind()
                             && Some(def.did()) == tcx.lang_items().pin_type()
                             && let ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Mut) = substs.type_at(0).kind()
-                            && let self_ty = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+                            && let self_ty = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                                 fn_call_span,
                                 LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
                                 tcx.fn_sig(method_did).subst(tcx, method_substs).input(0),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
index e15d1b99ad2..1dc6c42fbf7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
@@ -83,16 +83,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
         self.constraints.member_constraints = tmp;
 
-        for (predicate, constraint_category) in outlives {
-            // At the moment, we never generate any "higher-ranked"
-            // region constraints like `for<'a> 'a: 'b`. At some point
-            // when we move to universes, we will, and this assertion
-            // will start to fail.
-            let predicate = predicate.no_bound_vars().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                bug!("query_constraint {:?} contained bound vars", predicate,);
-            });
-
-            self.convert(predicate, *constraint_category);
+        for &(predicate, constraint_category) in outlives {
+            self.convert(predicate, constraint_category);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/input_output.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/input_output.rs
index fa9ea769a14..c6b78df9a5f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/input_output.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/input_output.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         // so that they represent the view from "inside" the closure.
         let user_provided_sig = self
             .instantiate_canonical_with_fresh_inference_vars(body.span, &user_provided_poly_sig);
-        let user_provided_sig = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let user_provided_sig = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             body.span,
             LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
             user_provided_sig,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs
index 74e2597830e..e8a353b1c8f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs
@@ -153,7 +153,10 @@ fn show_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>, span: Span, substr: &Substructure<'_>
         let path_debug = cx.path_global(span, cx.std_path(&[sym::fmt, sym::Debug]));
         let ty_dyn_debug = cx.ty(
             span,
-            ast::TyKind::TraitObject(vec![cx.trait_bound(path_debug)], ast::TraitObjectSyntax::Dyn),
+            ast::TyKind::TraitObject(
+                vec![cx.trait_bound(path_debug, false)],
+                ast::TraitObjectSyntax::Dyn,
+            ),
         );
         let ty_slice = cx.ty(
             span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
index 97de40bac34..970b9115d8d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
@@ -605,18 +605,26 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                     let bounds: Vec<_> = self
                         .additional_bounds
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|p| cx.trait_bound(p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics)))
+                        .map(|p| {
+                            cx.trait_bound(
+                                p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics),
+                                self.is_const,
+                            )
+                        })
                         .chain(
                             // Add a bound for the current trait.
                             self.skip_path_as_bound
                                 .not()
-                                .then(|| cx.trait_bound(trait_path.clone())),
+                                .then(|| cx.trait_bound(trait_path.clone(), self.is_const)),
                         )
                         .chain({
                             // Add a `Copy` bound if required.
                             if is_packed && self.needs_copy_as_bound_if_packed {
                                 let p = deriving::path_std!(marker::Copy);
-                                Some(cx.trait_bound(p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics)))
+                                Some(cx.trait_bound(
+                                    p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics),
+                                    self.is_const,
+                                ))
                             } else {
                                 None
                             }
@@ -694,18 +702,24 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                         let mut bounds: Vec<_> = self
                             .additional_bounds
                             .iter()
-                            .map(|p| cx.trait_bound(p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics)))
+                            .map(|p| {
+                                cx.trait_bound(
+                                    p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics),
+                                    self.is_const,
+                                )
+                            })
                             .collect();
 
                         // Require the current trait.
-                        bounds.push(cx.trait_bound(trait_path.clone()));
+                        bounds.push(cx.trait_bound(trait_path.clone(), self.is_const));
 
                         // Add a `Copy` bound if required.
                         if is_packed && self.needs_copy_as_bound_if_packed {
                             let p = deriving::path_std!(marker::Copy);
-                            bounds.push(
-                                cx.trait_bound(p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics)),
-                            );
+                            bounds.push(cx.trait_bound(
+                                p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics),
+                                self.is_const,
+                            ));
                         }
 
                         let predicate = ast::WhereBoundPredicate {
@@ -1543,31 +1557,46 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                             }),
                         ),
                     );
-                    // In general, fields in packed structs are copied via a
-                    // block, e.g. `&{self.0}`. The one exception is `[u8]`
-                    // fields, which cannot be copied and also never cause
-                    // unaligned references. This exception is allowed to
-                    // handle the `FlexZeroSlice` type in the `zerovec` crate
-                    // within `icu4x-0.9.0`.
-                    //
-                    // Once use of `icu4x-0.9.0` has dropped sufficiently, this
-                    // exception should be removed.
-                    let is_u8_slice = if let TyKind::Slice(ty) = &struct_field.ty.kind &&
-                        let TyKind::Path(None, rustc_ast::Path { segments, .. }) = &ty.kind &&
-                        let [seg] = segments.as_slice() &&
-                        seg.ident.name == sym::u8 && seg.args.is_none()
-                    {
-                        true
-                    } else {
-                        false
-                    };
                     if is_packed {
-                        if is_u8_slice {
+                        // In general, fields in packed structs are copied via a
+                        // block, e.g. `&{self.0}`. The two exceptions are `[u8]`
+                        // and `str` fields, which cannot be copied and also never
+                        // cause unaligned references. These exceptions are allowed
+                        // to handle the `FlexZeroSlice` type in the `zerovec`
+                        // crate within `icu4x-0.9.0`.
+                        //
+                        // Once use of `icu4x-0.9.0` has dropped sufficiently, this
+                        // exception should be removed.
+                        let is_simple_path = |ty: &P<ast::Ty>, sym| {
+                            if let TyKind::Path(None, ast::Path { segments, .. }) = &ty.kind &&
+                                let [seg] = segments.as_slice() &&
+                                seg.ident.name == sym && seg.args.is_none()
+                            {
+                                true
+                            } else {
+                                false
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        let exception = if let TyKind::Slice(ty) = &struct_field.ty.kind &&
+                            is_simple_path(ty, sym::u8)
+                        {
+                            Some("byte")
+                        } else if is_simple_path(&struct_field.ty, sym::str) {
+                            Some("string")
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        };
+
+                        if let Some(ty) = exception {
                             cx.sess.parse_sess.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
                                 BYTE_SLICE_IN_PACKED_STRUCT_WITH_DERIVE,
                                 sp,
                                 ast::CRATE_NODE_ID,
-                                "byte slice in a packed struct that derives a built-in trait",
+                                &format!(
+                                    "{} slice in a packed struct that derives a built-in trait",
+                                    ty
+                                ),
                                 rustc_lint_defs::BuiltinLintDiagnostics::ByteSliceInPackedStructWithDerive
                             );
                         } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/ty.rs
index c6f5f5d0807..aabd5b1f773 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/ty.rs
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ fn mk_ty_param(
         .iter()
         .map(|b| {
             let path = b.to_path(cx, span, self_ident, self_generics);
-            cx.trait_bound(path)
+            cx.trait_bound(path, false)
         })
         .collect();
     cx.typaram(span, Ident::new(name, span), bounds, None)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/cast.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/cast.rs
index b2c847d3fd8..fc8e0c67ae0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/cast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/cast.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
                     let vtable = self.get_vtable_ptr(src.layout.ty, data.principal())?;
                     let vtable = Scalar::from_maybe_pointer(vtable, self);
                     let data = self.read_immediate(src)?.to_scalar();
-                    let _assert_pointer_sized = data.to_pointer(self)?;
+                    let _assert_pointer_like = data.to_pointer(self)?;
                     let val = Immediate::ScalarPair(data, vtable);
                     self.write_immediate(val, dest)?;
                 } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
index 77c7b4bacb8..5042c6bac99 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
@@ -78,13 +78,16 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         col: u32,
     ) -> MPlaceTy<'tcx, M::Provenance> {
         let loc_details = &self.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.location_detail;
+        // This can fail if rustc runs out of memory right here. Trying to emit an error would be
+        // pointless, since that would require allocating more memory than these short strings.
         let file = if loc_details.file {
             self.allocate_str(filename.as_str(), MemoryKind::CallerLocation, Mutability::Not)
+                .unwrap()
         } else {
             // FIXME: This creates a new allocation each time. It might be preferable to
             // perform this allocation only once, and re-use the `MPlaceTy`.
             // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/89920#discussion_r730012398
-            self.allocate_str("<redacted>", MemoryKind::CallerLocation, Mutability::Not)
+            self.allocate_str("<redacted>", MemoryKind::CallerLocation, Mutability::Not).unwrap()
         };
         let line = if loc_details.line { Scalar::from_u32(line) } else { Scalar::from_u32(0) };
         let col = if loc_details.column { Scalar::from_u32(col) } else { Scalar::from_u32(0) };
@@ -95,8 +98,6 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             .bound_type_of(self.tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::PanicLocation, None))
             .subst(*self.tcx, self.tcx.mk_substs([self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased.into()].iter()));
         let loc_layout = self.layout_of(loc_ty).unwrap();
-        // This can fail if rustc runs out of memory right here. Trying to emit an error would be
-        // pointless, since that would require allocating more memory than a Location.
         let location = self.allocate(loc_layout, MemoryKind::CallerLocation).unwrap();
 
         // Initialize fields.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/machine.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/machine.rs
index 76ed7b80f8d..d8087a36a7c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/machine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/machine.rs
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ pub trait Machine<'mir, 'tcx>: Sized {
     fn adjust_alloc_base_pointer(
         ecx: &InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
         ptr: Pointer,
-    ) -> Pointer<Self::Provenance>;
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Pointer<Self::Provenance>>;
 
     /// "Int-to-pointer cast"
     fn ptr_from_addr_cast(
@@ -505,8 +505,8 @@ pub macro compile_time_machine(<$mir: lifetime, $tcx: lifetime>) {
     fn adjust_alloc_base_pointer(
         _ecx: &InterpCx<$mir, $tcx, Self>,
         ptr: Pointer<AllocId>,
-    ) -> Pointer<AllocId> {
-        ptr
+    ) -> InterpResult<$tcx, Pointer<AllocId>> {
+        Ok(ptr)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs
index a87ce0053e8..cfad930b1e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/memory.rs
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             _ => {}
         }
         // And we need to get the provenance.
-        Ok(M::adjust_alloc_base_pointer(self, ptr))
+        M::adjust_alloc_base_pointer(self, ptr)
     }
 
     pub fn create_fn_alloc_ptr(
@@ -200,8 +200,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         kind: MemoryKind<M::MemoryKind>,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Pointer<M::Provenance>> {
         let alloc = Allocation::uninit(size, align, M::PANIC_ON_ALLOC_FAIL)?;
-        // We can `unwrap` since `alloc` contains no pointers.
-        Ok(self.allocate_raw_ptr(alloc, kind).unwrap())
+        self.allocate_raw_ptr(alloc, kind)
     }
 
     pub fn allocate_bytes_ptr(
@@ -210,10 +209,9 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         align: Align,
         kind: MemoryKind<M::MemoryKind>,
         mutability: Mutability,
-    ) -> Pointer<M::Provenance> {
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Pointer<M::Provenance>> {
         let alloc = Allocation::from_bytes(bytes, align, mutability);
-        // We can `unwrap` since `alloc` contains no pointers.
-        self.allocate_raw_ptr(alloc, kind).unwrap()
+        self.allocate_raw_ptr(alloc, kind)
     }
 
     /// This can fail only of `alloc` contains provenance.
@@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         );
         let alloc = M::adjust_allocation(self, id, Cow::Owned(alloc), Some(kind))?;
         self.memory.alloc_map.insert(id, (kind, alloc.into_owned()));
-        Ok(M::adjust_alloc_base_pointer(self, Pointer::from(id)))
+        M::adjust_alloc_base_pointer(self, Pointer::from(id))
     }
 
     pub fn reallocate_ptr(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/place.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/place.rs
index f82a41078d1..038282e2161 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/place.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/place.rs
@@ -754,8 +754,8 @@ where
         str: &str,
         kind: MemoryKind<M::MemoryKind>,
         mutbl: Mutability,
-    ) -> MPlaceTy<'tcx, M::Provenance> {
-        let ptr = self.allocate_bytes_ptr(str.as_bytes(), Align::ONE, kind, mutbl);
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, MPlaceTy<'tcx, M::Provenance>> {
+        let ptr = self.allocate_bytes_ptr(str.as_bytes(), Align::ONE, kind, mutbl)?;
         let meta = Scalar::from_machine_usize(u64::try_from(str.len()).unwrap(), self);
         let mplace = MemPlace { ptr: ptr.into(), meta: MemPlaceMeta::Meta(meta) };
 
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ where
             ty::TypeAndMut { ty: self.tcx.types.str_, mutbl },
         );
         let layout = self.layout_of(ty).unwrap();
-        MPlaceTy { mplace, layout, align: layout.align.abi }
+        Ok(MPlaceTy { mplace, layout, align: layout.align.abi })
     }
 
     /// Writes the aggregate to the destination.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/ops.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/ops.rs
index 782a62accad..3e416b89ca6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/ops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/ops.rs
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for FnCallNonConst<'tcx> {
                             &param_ty.name.as_str(),
                             &constraint,
                             None,
+                            None,
                         );
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
index 954e84c303b..7fab8954cb1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
 #![feature(auto_traits)]
 #![feature(cell_leak)]
+#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 #![feature(extend_one)]
 #![feature(hash_raw_entry)]
 #![feature(hasher_prefixfree_extras)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs
index 393f1739081..3aca03f6e5c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fs;
+use std::intrinsics::unlikely;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -395,11 +396,18 @@ impl SelfProfilerRef {
     /// Record a query in-memory cache hit.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn query_cache_hit(&self, query_invocation_id: QueryInvocationId) {
-        self.instant_query_event(
-            |profiler| profiler.query_cache_hit_event_kind,
-            query_invocation_id,
-            EventFilter::QUERY_CACHE_HITS,
-        );
+        #[inline(never)]
+        #[cold]
+        fn cold_call(profiler_ref: &SelfProfilerRef, query_invocation_id: QueryInvocationId) {
+            profiler_ref.instant_query_event(
+                |profiler| profiler.query_cache_hit_event_kind,
+                query_invocation_id,
+            );
+        }
+
+        if unlikely(self.event_filter_mask.contains(EventFilter::QUERY_CACHE_HITS)) {
+            cold_call(self, query_invocation_id);
+        }
     }
 
     /// Start profiling a query being blocked on a concurrent execution.
@@ -444,20 +452,15 @@ impl SelfProfilerRef {
         &self,
         event_kind: fn(&SelfProfiler) -> StringId,
         query_invocation_id: QueryInvocationId,
-        event_filter: EventFilter,
     ) {
-        drop(self.exec(event_filter, |profiler| {
-            let event_id = StringId::new_virtual(query_invocation_id.0);
-            let thread_id = get_thread_id();
-
-            profiler.profiler.record_instant_event(
-                event_kind(profiler),
-                EventId::from_virtual(event_id),
-                thread_id,
-            );
-
-            TimingGuard::none()
-        }));
+        let event_id = StringId::new_virtual(query_invocation_id.0);
+        let thread_id = get_thread_id();
+        let profiler = self.profiler.as_ref().unwrap();
+        profiler.profiler.record_instant_event(
+            event_kind(profiler),
+            EventId::from_virtual(event_id),
+            thread_id,
+        );
     }
 
     pub fn with_profiler(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&SelfProfiler)) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
index 02e0b042ad2..bdf2978cee2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -229,10 +229,6 @@ fn run_compiler(
         registry: diagnostics_registry(),
     };
 
-    if !tracing::dispatcher::has_been_set() {
-        init_rustc_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(&config.opts.unstable_opts.log_backtrace);
-    }
-
     match make_input(config.opts.error_format, &matches.free) {
         Err(reported) => return Err(reported),
         Ok(Some(input)) => {
@@ -326,14 +322,16 @@ fn run_compiler(
                 }
             }
 
-            let mut gctxt = queries.global_ctxt()?;
+            // Make sure name resolution and macro expansion is run.
+            queries.global_ctxt()?;
+
             if callbacks.after_expansion(compiler, queries) == Compilation::Stop {
                 return early_exit();
             }
 
             // Make sure the `output_filenames` query is run for its side
             // effects of writing the dep-info and reporting errors.
-            gctxt.enter(|tcx| tcx.output_filenames(()));
+            queries.global_ctxt()?.enter(|tcx| tcx.output_filenames(()));
 
             if sess.opts.output_types.contains_key(&OutputType::DepInfo)
                 && sess.opts.output_types.len() == 1
@@ -345,7 +343,7 @@ fn run_compiler(
                 return early_exit();
             }
 
-            gctxt.enter(|tcx| {
+            queries.global_ctxt()?.enter(|tcx| {
                 let result = tcx.analysis(());
                 if sess.opts.unstable_opts.save_analysis {
                     let crate_name = tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE);
@@ -362,8 +360,6 @@ fn run_compiler(
                 result
             })?;
 
-            drop(gctxt);
-
             if callbacks.after_analysis(compiler, queries) == Compilation::Stop {
                 return early_exit();
             }
@@ -1200,11 +1196,9 @@ pub fn report_ice(info: &panic::PanicInfo<'_>, bug_report_url: &str) {
     if !info.payload().is::<rustc_errors::ExplicitBug>()
         && !info.payload().is::<rustc_errors::DelayedBugPanic>()
     {
-        let mut d = rustc_errors::Diagnostic::new(rustc_errors::Level::Bug, "unexpected panic");
-        handler.emit_diagnostic(&mut d);
+        handler.emit_err(session_diagnostics::Ice);
     }
 
-    handler.emit_note(session_diagnostics::Ice);
     handler.emit_note(session_diagnostics::IceBugReport { bug_report_url });
     handler.emit_note(session_diagnostics::IceVersion {
         version: util::version_str!().unwrap_or("unknown_version"),
@@ -1253,16 +1247,7 @@ pub fn install_ice_hook() {
 /// This allows tools to enable rust logging without having to magically match rustc's
 /// tracing crate version.
 pub fn init_rustc_env_logger() {
-    init_rustc_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(&None);
-}
-
-/// This allows tools to enable rust logging without having to magically match rustc's
-/// tracing crate version. In contrast to `init_rustc_env_logger` it allows you to
-/// choose a target module you wish to show backtraces along with its logging.
-pub fn init_rustc_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(backtrace_target: &Option<String>) {
-    if let Err(error) = rustc_log::init_rustc_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(backtrace_target) {
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &error.to_string());
-    }
+    init_env_logger("RUSTC_LOG");
 }
 
 /// This allows tools to enable rust logging without having to magically match rustc's
@@ -1326,6 +1311,7 @@ mod signal_handler {
 pub fn main() -> ! {
     let start_time = Instant::now();
     let start_rss = get_resident_set_size();
+    init_rustc_env_logger();
     signal_handler::install();
     let mut callbacks = TimePassesCallbacks::default();
     install_ice_hook();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes.rs b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes.rs
index 072b0f2fcce..800f3c52177 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes.rs
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ E0519: include_str!("./error_codes/E0519.md"),
 E0520: include_str!("./error_codes/E0520.md"),
 E0521: include_str!("./error_codes/E0521.md"),
 E0522: include_str!("./error_codes/E0522.md"),
+E0523: include_str!("./error_codes/E0523.md"),
 E0524: include_str!("./error_codes/E0524.md"),
 E0525: include_str!("./error_codes/E0525.md"),
 E0527: include_str!("./error_codes/E0527.md"),
@@ -622,7 +623,6 @@ E0793: include_str!("./error_codes/E0793.md"),
 //  E0488, // lifetime of variable does not enclose its declaration
 //  E0489, // type/lifetime parameter not in scope here
 //  E0490, // removed: unreachable
-    E0523, // two dependencies have same (crate-name, disambiguator) but different SVH
 //  E0526, // shuffle indices are not constant
 //  E0540, // multiple rustc_deprecated attributes
 //  E0548, // replaced with a generic attribute input check
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0464.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0464.md
index 9108d856c9d..209cbb00db5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0464.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0464.md
@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
 The compiler found multiple library files with the requested crate name.
 
+```compile_fail
+// aux-build:crateresolve-1.rs
+// aux-build:crateresolve-2.rs
+// aux-build:crateresolve-3.rs
+
+extern crate crateresolve;
+//~^ ERROR multiple candidates for `rlib` dependency `crateresolve` found
+
+fn main() {}
+```
+
 This error can occur in several different cases -- for example, when using
 `extern crate` or passing `--extern` options without crate paths. It can also be
 caused by caching issues with the build directory, in which case `cargo clean`
 may help.
+
+In the above example, there are three different library files, all of which
+define the same crate name. Without providing a full path, there is no way for
+the compiler to know which crate it should use.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0523.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0523.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ddf70386c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0523.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#### Note: this error code is no longer emitted by the compiler.
+
+The compiler found multiple library files with the requested crate name.
+
+```compile_fail
+// aux-build:crateresolve-1.rs
+// aux-build:crateresolve-2.rs
+// aux-build:crateresolve-3.rs
+
+extern crate crateresolve;
+//~^ ERROR multiple candidates for `rlib` dependency `crateresolve` found
+
+fn main() {}
+```
+
+This error can occur in several different cases -- for example, when using
+`extern crate` or passing `--extern` options without crate paths. It can also be
+caused by caching issues with the build directory, in which case `cargo clean`
+may help.
+
+In the above example, there are three different library files, all of which
+define the same crate name. Without providing a full path, there is no way for
+the compiler to know which crate it should use.
+
+*Note that E0523 has been merged into E0464.*
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
index faeaa548619..9768526a2f4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
@@ -1882,9 +1882,8 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
                             &mut buffer,
                             &mut row_num,
                             &Vec::new(),
-                            p,
+                            p + line_start,
                             l,
-                            line_start,
                             show_code_change,
                             max_line_num_len,
                             &file_lines,
@@ -1907,9 +1906,8 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
                                 &mut buffer,
                                 &mut row_num,
                                 &Vec::new(),
-                                p,
+                                p + line_start,
                                 l,
-                                line_start,
                                 show_code_change,
                                 max_line_num_len,
                                 &file_lines,
@@ -1925,9 +1923,8 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
                                 &mut buffer,
                                 &mut row_num,
                                 &Vec::new(),
-                                p,
+                                p + line_start,
                                 l,
-                                line_start,
                                 show_code_change,
                                 max_line_num_len,
                                 &file_lines,
@@ -1941,9 +1938,8 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
                     &mut buffer,
                     &mut row_num,
                     highlight_parts,
-                    line_pos,
+                    line_pos + line_start,
                     line,
-                    line_start,
                     show_code_change,
                     max_line_num_len,
                     &file_lines,
@@ -2167,40 +2163,63 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
         buffer: &mut StyledBuffer,
         row_num: &mut usize,
         highlight_parts: &Vec<SubstitutionHighlight>,
-        line_pos: usize,
-        line: &str,
-        line_start: usize,
+        line_num: usize,
+        line_to_add: &str,
         show_code_change: DisplaySuggestion,
         max_line_num_len: usize,
         file_lines: &FileLines,
         is_multiline: bool,
     ) {
-        // Print the span column to avoid confusion
-        buffer.puts(*row_num, 0, &self.maybe_anonymized(line_start + line_pos), Style::LineNumber);
         if let DisplaySuggestion::Diff = show_code_change {
-            // Add the line number for both addition and removal to drive the point home.
-            //
-            // N - fn foo<A: T>(bar: A) {
-            // N + fn foo(bar: impl T) {
-            buffer.puts(
-                *row_num - 1,
-                0,
-                &self.maybe_anonymized(line_start + line_pos),
-                Style::LineNumber,
-            );
-            buffer.puts(*row_num - 1, max_line_num_len + 1, "- ", Style::Removal);
-            buffer.puts(
-                *row_num - 1,
-                max_line_num_len + 3,
-                &normalize_whitespace(
-                    &file_lines.file.get_line(file_lines.lines[line_pos].line_index).unwrap(),
-                ),
-                Style::NoStyle,
-            );
-            buffer.puts(*row_num, max_line_num_len + 1, "+ ", Style::Addition);
+            // We need to print more than one line if the span we need to remove is multiline.
+            // For more info: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/92741
+            let lines_to_remove = file_lines.lines.iter().take(file_lines.lines.len() - 1);
+            for (index, line_to_remove) in lines_to_remove.enumerate() {
+                buffer.puts(
+                    *row_num - 1,
+                    0,
+                    &self.maybe_anonymized(line_num + index),
+                    Style::LineNumber,
+                );
+                buffer.puts(*row_num - 1, max_line_num_len + 1, "- ", Style::Removal);
+                let line = normalize_whitespace(
+                    &file_lines.file.get_line(line_to_remove.line_index).unwrap(),
+                );
+                buffer.puts(*row_num - 1, max_line_num_len + 3, &line, Style::NoStyle);
+                *row_num += 1;
+            }
+            // If the last line is exactly equal to the line we need to add, we can skip both of them.
+            // This allows us to avoid output like the following:
+            // 2 - &
+            // 2 + if true { true } else { false }
+            // 3 - if true { true } else { false }
+            // If those lines aren't equal, we print their diff
+            let last_line_index = file_lines.lines[file_lines.lines.len() - 1].line_index;
+            let last_line = &file_lines.file.get_line(last_line_index).unwrap();
+            if last_line != line_to_add {
+                buffer.puts(
+                    *row_num - 1,
+                    0,
+                    &self.maybe_anonymized(line_num + file_lines.lines.len() - 1),
+                    Style::LineNumber,
+                );
+                buffer.puts(*row_num - 1, max_line_num_len + 1, "- ", Style::Removal);
+                buffer.puts(
+                    *row_num - 1,
+                    max_line_num_len + 3,
+                    &normalize_whitespace(last_line),
+                    Style::NoStyle,
+                );
+                buffer.puts(*row_num, 0, &self.maybe_anonymized(line_num), Style::LineNumber);
+                buffer.puts(*row_num, max_line_num_len + 1, "+ ", Style::Addition);
+                buffer.append(*row_num, &normalize_whitespace(line_to_add), Style::NoStyle);
+            } else {
+                *row_num -= 2;
+            }
         } else if is_multiline {
+            buffer.puts(*row_num, 0, &self.maybe_anonymized(line_num), Style::LineNumber);
             match &highlight_parts[..] {
-                [SubstitutionHighlight { start: 0, end }] if *end == line.len() => {
+                [SubstitutionHighlight { start: 0, end }] if *end == line_to_add.len() => {
                     buffer.puts(*row_num, max_line_num_len + 1, "+ ", Style::Addition);
                 }
                 [] => {
@@ -2210,17 +2229,17 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
                     buffer.puts(*row_num, max_line_num_len + 1, "~ ", Style::Addition);
                 }
             }
+            buffer.append(*row_num, &normalize_whitespace(line_to_add), Style::NoStyle);
         } else {
+            buffer.puts(*row_num, 0, &self.maybe_anonymized(line_num), Style::LineNumber);
             draw_col_separator(buffer, *row_num, max_line_num_len + 1);
+            buffer.append(*row_num, &normalize_whitespace(line_to_add), Style::NoStyle);
         }
 
-        // print the suggestion
-        buffer.append(*row_num, &normalize_whitespace(line), Style::NoStyle);
-
         // Colorize addition/replacements with green.
         for &SubstitutionHighlight { start, end } in highlight_parts {
             // Account for tabs when highlighting (#87972).
-            let tabs: usize = line
+            let tabs: usize = line_to_add
                 .chars()
                 .take(start)
                 .map(|ch| match ch {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
index 6cd56852f9d..b4c12651e7a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
@@ -131,10 +131,14 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn trait_bound(&self, path: ast::Path) -> ast::GenericBound {
+    pub fn trait_bound(&self, path: ast::Path, is_const: bool) -> ast::GenericBound {
         ast::GenericBound::Trait(
             self.poly_trait_ref(path.span, path),
-            ast::TraitBoundModifier::None,
+            if is_const {
+                ast::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst
+            } else {
+                ast::TraitBoundModifier::None
+            },
         )
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs
index 9158fc08247..04546330915 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ language_item_table! {
     TryTraitBranch,          sym::branch,              branch_fn,                  Target::Method(MethodKind::Trait { body: false }), GenericRequirement::None;
     TryTraitFromYeet,        sym::from_yeet,           from_yeet_fn,               Target::Fn,             GenericRequirement::None;
 
-    PointerSized,            sym::pointer_sized,       pointer_sized,              Target::Trait,          GenericRequirement::Exact(0);
+    PointerLike,             sym::pointer_like,        pointer_like,               Target::Trait,          GenericRequirement::Exact(0);
 
     Poll,                    sym::Poll,                poll,                       Target::Enum,           GenericRequirement::None;
     PollReady,               sym::Ready,               poll_ready_variant,         Target::Variant,        GenericRequirement::None;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
index 21e70041810..236e36f28ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ fn compare_method_predicate_entailment<'tcx>(
 
     let mut wf_tys = FxIndexSet::default();
 
-    let unnormalized_impl_sig = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+    let unnormalized_impl_sig = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
         impl_m_span,
         infer::HigherRankedType,
         tcx.fn_sig(impl_m.def_id).subst_identity(),
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ pub(super) fn collect_return_position_impl_trait_in_trait_tys<'tcx>(
     let impl_sig = ocx.normalize(
         &norm_cause,
         param_env,
-        infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             return_span,
             infer::HigherRankedType,
             tcx.fn_sig(impl_m.def_id).subst_identity(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs
index 6600e4216bd..8c2423e3ca0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ fn visit_implementation_of_copy(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, impl_did: LocalDefId) {
                 bounds.iter().map(|(param, constraint, def_id)| {
                     (param.as_str(), constraint.as_str(), *def_id)
                 }),
+                None,
             );
             err.emit();
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
index c220956a201..089863a66e7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // fnmut vs fnonce. If so, we have to defer further processing.
                 if self.closure_kind(substs).is_none() {
                     let closure_sig = substs.as_closure().sig();
-                    let closure_sig = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+                    let closure_sig = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                         call_expr.span,
                         infer::FnCall,
                         closure_sig,
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // renormalize the associated types at this point, since they
         // previously appeared within a `Binder<>` and hence would not
         // have been normalized before.
-        let fn_sig = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(call_expr.span, infer::FnCall, fn_sig);
+        let fn_sig = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(call_expr.span, infer::FnCall, fn_sig);
         let fn_sig = self.normalize(call_expr.span, fn_sig);
 
         // Call the generic checker.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs
index 90c4e5b6540..211fe477a2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             )
             .map(|(hir_ty, &supplied_ty)| {
                 // Instantiate (this part of..) S to S', i.e., with fresh variables.
-                self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+                self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                     hir_ty.span,
                     LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
                     // (*) binder moved to here
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 all_obligations.extend(obligations);
             }
 
-            let supplied_output_ty = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+            let supplied_output_ty = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                 decl.output.span(),
                 LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
                 supplied_sig.output(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
index ade9c037c51..7173239ba61 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
             self.cause.clone(),
             self.param_env,
             ty::Binder::dummy(
-                self.tcx.at(self.cause.span).mk_trait_ref(hir::LangItem::PointerSized, [a]),
+                self.tcx.at(self.cause.span).mk_trait_ref(hir::LangItem::PointerLike, [a]),
             ),
         ));
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
index 3561992e86a..bb235a48361 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // placeholder lifetimes with probing, we just replace higher lifetimes
                     // with fresh vars.
                     let span = args.get(i).map(|a| a.span).unwrap_or(expr.span);
-                    let input = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+                    let input = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                         span,
                         infer::LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
                         fn_sig.input(i),
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             // Also, as we just want to check sizedness, instead of introducing
             // placeholder lifetimes with probing, we just replace higher lifetimes
             // with fresh vars.
-            let output = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+            let output = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                 expr.span,
                 infer::LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
                 fn_sig.output(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/adjust_fulfillment_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/adjust_fulfillment_errors.rs
index 2eab68050d4..db1acb59927 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/adjust_fulfillment_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/adjust_fulfillment_errors.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,382 @@
 use crate::FnCtxt;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::Res;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree, Ty};
+use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCauseCode;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree, Ty, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_span::{self, Span};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
 
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+
 impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
+    pub fn adjust_fulfillment_error_for_expr_obligation(
+        &self,
+        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let (traits::ExprItemObligation(def_id, hir_id, idx) | traits::ExprBindingObligation(def_id, _, hir_id, idx))
+            = *error.obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() else { return false; };
+        let hir = self.tcx.hir();
+        let hir::Node::Expr(expr) = hir.get(hir_id) else { return false; };
+
+        let Some(unsubstituted_pred) =
+            self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate_identity(self.tcx).predicates.into_iter().nth(idx)
+            else { return false; };
+
+        let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
+        let predicate_substs = match unsubstituted_pred.kind().skip_binder() {
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(pred)) => pred.trait_ref.substs,
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(pred)) => pred.projection_ty.substs,
+            _ => ty::List::empty(),
+        };
+
+        let find_param_matching = |matches: &dyn Fn(&ty::ParamTy) -> bool| {
+            predicate_substs.types().find_map(|ty| {
+                ty.walk().find_map(|arg| {
+                    if let ty::GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = arg.unpack()
+                        && let ty::Param(param_ty) = ty.kind()
+                        && matches(param_ty)
+                    {
+                        Some(arg)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+            })
+        };
+
+        // Prefer generics that are local to the fn item, since these are likely
+        // to be the cause of the unsatisfied predicate.
+        let mut param_to_point_at = find_param_matching(&|param_ty| {
+            self.tcx.parent(generics.type_param(param_ty, self.tcx).def_id) == def_id
+        });
+        // Fall back to generic that isn't local to the fn item. This will come
+        // from a trait or impl, for example.
+        let mut fallback_param_to_point_at = find_param_matching(&|param_ty| {
+            self.tcx.parent(generics.type_param(param_ty, self.tcx).def_id) != def_id
+                && param_ty.name != rustc_span::symbol::kw::SelfUpper
+        });
+        // Finally, the `Self` parameter is possibly the reason that the predicate
+        // is unsatisfied. This is less likely to be true for methods, because
+        // method probe means that we already kinda check that the predicates due
+        // to the `Self` type are true.
+        let mut self_param_to_point_at =
+            find_param_matching(&|param_ty| param_ty.name == rustc_span::symbol::kw::SelfUpper);
+
+        // Finally, for ambiguity-related errors, we actually want to look
+        // for a parameter that is the source of the inference type left
+        // over in this predicate.
+        if let traits::FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeAmbiguity = error.code {
+            fallback_param_to_point_at = None;
+            self_param_to_point_at = None;
+            param_to_point_at =
+                self.find_ambiguous_parameter_in(def_id, error.root_obligation.predicate);
+        }
+
+        if self.closure_span_overlaps_error(error, expr.span) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        match &expr.kind {
+            hir::ExprKind::Path(qpath) => {
+                if let hir::Node::Expr(hir::Expr {
+                    kind: hir::ExprKind::Call(callee, args),
+                    hir_id: call_hir_id,
+                    span: call_span,
+                    ..
+                }) = hir.get_parent(expr.hir_id)
+                    && callee.hir_id == expr.hir_id
+                {
+                    if self.closure_span_overlaps_error(error, *call_span) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    for param in
+                        [param_to_point_at, fallback_param_to_point_at, self_param_to_point_at]
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .flatten()
+                    {
+                        if self.blame_specific_arg_if_possible(
+                                error,
+                                def_id,
+                                param,
+                                *call_hir_id,
+                                callee.span,
+                                None,
+                                args,
+                            )
+                        {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Notably, we only point to params that are local to the
+                // item we're checking, since those are the ones we are able
+                // to look in the final `hir::PathSegment` for. Everything else
+                // would require a deeper search into the `qpath` than I think
+                // is worthwhile.
+                if let Some(param_to_point_at) = param_to_point_at
+                    && self.point_at_path_if_possible(error, def_id, param_to_point_at, qpath)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, receiver, args, ..) => {
+                for param in [param_to_point_at, fallback_param_to_point_at, self_param_to_point_at]
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .flatten()
+                {
+                    if self.blame_specific_arg_if_possible(
+                        error,
+                        def_id,
+                        param,
+                        hir_id,
+                        segment.ident.span,
+                        Some(receiver),
+                        args,
+                    ) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                if let Some(param_to_point_at) = param_to_point_at
+                    && self.point_at_generic_if_possible(error, def_id, param_to_point_at, segment)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            hir::ExprKind::Struct(qpath, fields, ..) => {
+                if let Res::Def(
+                    hir::def::DefKind::Struct | hir::def::DefKind::Variant,
+                    variant_def_id,
+                ) = self.typeck_results.borrow().qpath_res(qpath, hir_id)
+                {
+                    for param in
+                        [param_to_point_at, fallback_param_to_point_at, self_param_to_point_at]
+                    {
+                        if let Some(param) = param {
+                            let refined_expr = self.point_at_field_if_possible(
+                                def_id,
+                                param,
+                                variant_def_id,
+                                fields,
+                            );
+
+                            match refined_expr {
+                                None => {}
+                                Some((refined_expr, _)) => {
+                                    error.obligation.cause.span = refined_expr
+                                        .span
+                                        .find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(error.obligation.cause.span)
+                                        .unwrap_or(refined_expr.span);
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if let Some(param_to_point_at) = param_to_point_at
+                    && self.point_at_path_if_possible(error, def_id, param_to_point_at, qpath)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn point_at_path_if_possible(
+        &self,
+        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        param: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
+        qpath: &hir::QPath<'tcx>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        match qpath {
+            hir::QPath::Resolved(_, path) => {
+                if let Some(segment) = path.segments.last()
+                    && self.point_at_generic_if_possible(error, def_id, param, segment)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            hir::QPath::TypeRelative(_, segment) => {
+                if self.point_at_generic_if_possible(error, def_id, param, segment) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn point_at_generic_if_possible(
+        &self,
+        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        param_to_point_at: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
+        segment: &hir::PathSegment<'tcx>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let own_substs = self
+            .tcx
+            .generics_of(def_id)
+            .own_substs(ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.tcx, def_id));
+        let Some((index, _)) = own_substs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|arg| matches!(arg.unpack(), ty::GenericArgKind::Type(_)))
+            .enumerate()
+            .find(|(_, arg)| **arg == param_to_point_at) else { return false };
+        let Some(arg) = segment
+            .args()
+            .args
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|arg| matches!(arg, hir::GenericArg::Type(_)))
+            .nth(index) else { return false; };
+        error.obligation.cause.span = arg
+            .span()
+            .find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(error.obligation.cause.span)
+            .unwrap_or(arg.span());
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn find_ambiguous_parameter_in<T: TypeVisitable<'tcx>>(
+        &self,
+        item_def_id: DefId,
+        t: T,
+    ) -> Option<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>> {
+        struct FindAmbiguousParameter<'a, 'tcx>(&'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, DefId);
+        impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for FindAmbiguousParameter<'_, 'tcx> {
+            type BreakTy = ty::GenericArg<'tcx>;
+            fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> std::ops::ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+                if let Some(origin) = self.0.type_var_origin(ty)
+                    && let rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::TypeVariableOriginKind::TypeParameterDefinition(_, Some(def_id)) =
+                        origin.kind
+                    && let generics = self.0.tcx.generics_of(self.1)
+                    && let Some(index) = generics.param_def_id_to_index(self.0.tcx, def_id)
+                    && let Some(subst) = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.0.tcx, self.1)
+                        .get(index as usize)
+                {
+                    ControlFlow::Break(*subst)
+                } else {
+                    ty.super_visit_with(self)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        t.visit_with(&mut FindAmbiguousParameter(self, item_def_id)).break_value()
+    }
+
+    fn closure_span_overlaps_error(
+        &self,
+        error: &traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> bool {
+        if let traits::FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSelectionError(
+            traits::SelectionError::OutputTypeParameterMismatch(_, expected, _),
+        ) = error.code
+            && let ty::Closure(def_id, _) | ty::Generator(def_id, ..) = expected.skip_binder().self_ty().kind()
+            && span.overlaps(self.tcx.def_span(*def_id))
+        {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn point_at_field_if_possible(
+        &self,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        param_to_point_at: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
+        variant_def_id: DefId,
+        expr_fields: &[hir::ExprField<'tcx>],
+    ) -> Option<(&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+        let def = self.tcx.adt_def(def_id);
+
+        let identity_substs = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.tcx, def_id);
+        let fields_referencing_param: Vec<_> = def
+            .variant_with_id(variant_def_id)
+            .fields
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|field| {
+                let field_ty = field.ty(self.tcx, identity_substs);
+                Self::find_param_in_ty(field_ty.into(), param_to_point_at)
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        if let [field] = fields_referencing_param.as_slice() {
+            for expr_field in expr_fields {
+                // Look for the ExprField that matches the field, using the
+                // same rules that check_expr_struct uses for macro hygiene.
+                if self.tcx.adjust_ident(expr_field.ident, variant_def_id) == field.ident(self.tcx)
+                {
+                    return Some((expr_field.expr, self.tcx.type_of(field.did)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// - `blame_specific_*` means that the function will recursively traverse the expression,
+    /// looking for the most-specific-possible span to blame.
+    ///
+    /// - `point_at_*` means that the function will only go "one level", pointing at the specific
+    /// expression mentioned.
+    ///
+    /// `blame_specific_arg_if_possible` will find the most-specific expression anywhere inside
+    /// the provided function call expression, and mark it as responsible for the fullfillment
+    /// error.
+    fn blame_specific_arg_if_possible(
+        &self,
+        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        param_to_point_at: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
+        call_hir_id: hir::HirId,
+        callee_span: Span,
+        receiver: Option<&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>>,
+        args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>],
+    ) -> bool {
+        let ty = self.tcx.type_of(def_id);
+        if !ty.is_fn() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let sig = ty.fn_sig(self.tcx).skip_binder();
+        let args_referencing_param: Vec<_> = sig
+            .inputs()
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(_, ty)| Self::find_param_in_ty((**ty).into(), param_to_point_at))
+            .collect();
+        // If there's one field that references the given generic, great!
+        if let [(idx, _)] = args_referencing_param.as_slice()
+            && let Some(arg) = receiver
+                .map_or(args.get(*idx), |rcvr| if *idx == 0 { Some(rcvr) } else { args.get(*idx - 1) }) {
+
+            error.obligation.cause.span = arg.span.find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(error.obligation.cause.span).unwrap_or(arg.span);
+
+            if let hir::Node::Expr(arg_expr) = self.tcx.hir().get(arg.hir_id) {
+                // This is more specific than pointing at the entire argument.
+                self.blame_specific_expr_if_possible(error, arg_expr)
+            }
+
+            error.obligation.cause.map_code(|parent_code| {
+                ObligationCauseCode::FunctionArgumentObligation {
+                    arg_hir_id: arg.hir_id,
+                    call_hir_id,
+                    parent_code,
+                }
+            });
+            return true;
+        } else if args_referencing_param.len() > 0 {
+            // If more than one argument applies, then point to the callee span at least...
+            // We have chance to fix this up further in `point_at_generics_if_possible`
+            error.obligation.cause.span = callee_span;
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
     /**
      * Recursively searches for the most-specific blamable expression.
      * For example, if you have a chain of constraints like:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
index 1055ee953ea..2a1265600de 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::InferOk;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TypeTrace;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::AllowTwoPhase;
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::TypeVisitable;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree, IsSuggestable, Ty, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree, IsSuggestable, Ty};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{self, sym, Span};
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ use std::iter;
 use std::mem;
 use std::slice;
 
-use std::ops::ControlFlow;
-
 impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub(in super::super) fn check_casts(&mut self) {
         // don't hold the borrow to deferred_cast_checks while checking to avoid borrow checker errors
@@ -1758,372 +1756,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn adjust_fulfillment_error_for_expr_obligation(
-        &self,
-        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
-    ) -> bool {
-        let (traits::ExprItemObligation(def_id, hir_id, idx) | traits::ExprBindingObligation(def_id, _, hir_id, idx))
-            = *error.obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() else { return false; };
-        let hir = self.tcx.hir();
-        let hir::Node::Expr(expr) = hir.get(hir_id) else { return false; };
-
-        let Some(unsubstituted_pred) =
-            self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate_identity(self.tcx).predicates.into_iter().nth(idx)
-            else { return false; };
-
-        let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
-        let predicate_substs = match unsubstituted_pred.kind().skip_binder() {
-            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(pred)) => pred.trait_ref.substs,
-            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(pred)) => pred.projection_ty.substs,
-            _ => ty::List::empty(),
-        };
-
-        let find_param_matching = |matches: &dyn Fn(&ty::ParamTy) -> bool| {
-            predicate_substs.types().find_map(|ty| {
-                ty.walk().find_map(|arg| {
-                    if let ty::GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = arg.unpack()
-                        && let ty::Param(param_ty) = ty.kind()
-                        && matches(param_ty)
-                    {
-                        Some(arg)
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-            })
-        };
-
-        // Prefer generics that are local to the fn item, since these are likely
-        // to be the cause of the unsatisfied predicate.
-        let mut param_to_point_at = find_param_matching(&|param_ty| {
-            self.tcx.parent(generics.type_param(param_ty, self.tcx).def_id) == def_id
-        });
-        // Fall back to generic that isn't local to the fn item. This will come
-        // from a trait or impl, for example.
-        let mut fallback_param_to_point_at = find_param_matching(&|param_ty| {
-            self.tcx.parent(generics.type_param(param_ty, self.tcx).def_id) != def_id
-                && param_ty.name != rustc_span::symbol::kw::SelfUpper
-        });
-        // Finally, the `Self` parameter is possibly the reason that the predicate
-        // is unsatisfied. This is less likely to be true for methods, because
-        // method probe means that we already kinda check that the predicates due
-        // to the `Self` type are true.
-        let mut self_param_to_point_at =
-            find_param_matching(&|param_ty| param_ty.name == rustc_span::symbol::kw::SelfUpper);
-
-        // Finally, for ambiguity-related errors, we actually want to look
-        // for a parameter that is the source of the inference type left
-        // over in this predicate.
-        if let traits::FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeAmbiguity = error.code {
-            fallback_param_to_point_at = None;
-            self_param_to_point_at = None;
-            param_to_point_at =
-                self.find_ambiguous_parameter_in(def_id, error.root_obligation.predicate);
-        }
-
-        if self.closure_span_overlaps_error(error, expr.span) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        match &expr.kind {
-            hir::ExprKind::Path(qpath) => {
-                if let hir::Node::Expr(hir::Expr {
-                    kind: hir::ExprKind::Call(callee, args),
-                    hir_id: call_hir_id,
-                    span: call_span,
-                    ..
-                }) = hir.get_parent(expr.hir_id)
-                    && callee.hir_id == expr.hir_id
-                {
-                    if self.closure_span_overlaps_error(error, *call_span) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    for param in
-                        [param_to_point_at, fallback_param_to_point_at, self_param_to_point_at]
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .flatten()
-                    {
-                        if self.blame_specific_arg_if_possible(
-                                error,
-                                def_id,
-                                param,
-                                *call_hir_id,
-                                callee.span,
-                                None,
-                                args,
-                            )
-                        {
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                // Notably, we only point to params that are local to the
-                // item we're checking, since those are the ones we are able
-                // to look in the final `hir::PathSegment` for. Everything else
-                // would require a deeper search into the `qpath` than I think
-                // is worthwhile.
-                if let Some(param_to_point_at) = param_to_point_at
-                    && self.point_at_path_if_possible(error, def_id, param_to_point_at, qpath)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, receiver, args, ..) => {
-                for param in [param_to_point_at, fallback_param_to_point_at, self_param_to_point_at]
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .flatten()
-                {
-                    if self.blame_specific_arg_if_possible(
-                        error,
-                        def_id,
-                        param,
-                        hir_id,
-                        segment.ident.span,
-                        Some(receiver),
-                        args,
-                    ) {
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                }
-                if let Some(param_to_point_at) = param_to_point_at
-                    && self.point_at_generic_if_possible(error, def_id, param_to_point_at, segment)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::Struct(qpath, fields, ..) => {
-                if let Res::Def(DefKind::Struct | DefKind::Variant, variant_def_id) =
-                    self.typeck_results.borrow().qpath_res(qpath, hir_id)
-                {
-                    for param in
-                        [param_to_point_at, fallback_param_to_point_at, self_param_to_point_at]
-                    {
-                        if let Some(param) = param {
-                            let refined_expr = self.point_at_field_if_possible(
-                                def_id,
-                                param,
-                                variant_def_id,
-                                fields,
-                            );
-
-                            match refined_expr {
-                                None => {}
-                                Some((refined_expr, _)) => {
-                                    error.obligation.cause.span = refined_expr
-                                        .span
-                                        .find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(error.obligation.cause.span)
-                                        .unwrap_or(refined_expr.span);
-                                    return true;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if let Some(param_to_point_at) = param_to_point_at
-                    && self.point_at_path_if_possible(error, def_id, param_to_point_at, qpath)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        false
-    }
-
-    fn closure_span_overlaps_error(
-        &self,
-        error: &traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
-        span: Span,
-    ) -> bool {
-        if let traits::FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSelectionError(
-            traits::SelectionError::OutputTypeParameterMismatch(_, expected, _),
-        ) = error.code
-            && let ty::Closure(def_id, _) | ty::Generator(def_id, ..) = expected.skip_binder().self_ty().kind()
-            && span.overlaps(self.tcx.def_span(*def_id))
-        {
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// - `blame_specific_*` means that the function will recursively traverse the expression,
-    /// looking for the most-specific-possible span to blame.
-    ///
-    /// - `point_at_*` means that the function will only go "one level", pointing at the specific
-    /// expression mentioned.
-    ///
-    /// `blame_specific_arg_if_possible` will find the most-specific expression anywhere inside
-    /// the provided function call expression, and mark it as responsible for the fullfillment
-    /// error.
-    fn blame_specific_arg_if_possible(
-        &self,
-        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
-        def_id: DefId,
-        param_to_point_at: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
-        call_hir_id: hir::HirId,
-        callee_span: Span,
-        receiver: Option<&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>>,
-        args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>],
-    ) -> bool {
-        let ty = self.tcx.type_of(def_id);
-        if !ty.is_fn() {
-            return false;
-        }
-        let sig = ty.fn_sig(self.tcx).skip_binder();
-        let args_referencing_param: Vec<_> = sig
-            .inputs()
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .filter(|(_, ty)| Self::find_param_in_ty((**ty).into(), param_to_point_at))
-            .collect();
-        // If there's one field that references the given generic, great!
-        if let [(idx, _)] = args_referencing_param.as_slice()
-            && let Some(arg) = receiver
-                .map_or(args.get(*idx), |rcvr| if *idx == 0 { Some(rcvr) } else { args.get(*idx - 1) }) {
-
-            error.obligation.cause.span = arg.span.find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(error.obligation.cause.span).unwrap_or(arg.span);
-
-            if let hir::Node::Expr(arg_expr) = self.tcx.hir().get(arg.hir_id) {
-                // This is more specific than pointing at the entire argument.
-                self.blame_specific_expr_if_possible(error, arg_expr)
-            }
-
-            error.obligation.cause.map_code(|parent_code| {
-                ObligationCauseCode::FunctionArgumentObligation {
-                    arg_hir_id: arg.hir_id,
-                    call_hir_id,
-                    parent_code,
-                }
-            });
-            return true;
-        } else if args_referencing_param.len() > 0 {
-            // If more than one argument applies, then point to the callee span at least...
-            // We have chance to fix this up further in `point_at_generics_if_possible`
-            error.obligation.cause.span = callee_span;
-        }
-
-        false
-    }
-
-    // FIXME: Make this private and move to mod adjust_fulfillment_errors
-    pub fn point_at_field_if_possible(
-        &self,
-        def_id: DefId,
-        param_to_point_at: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
-        variant_def_id: DefId,
-        expr_fields: &[hir::ExprField<'tcx>],
-    ) -> Option<(&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
-        let def = self.tcx.adt_def(def_id);
-
-        let identity_substs = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.tcx, def_id);
-        let fields_referencing_param: Vec<_> = def
-            .variant_with_id(variant_def_id)
-            .fields
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|field| {
-                let field_ty = field.ty(self.tcx, identity_substs);
-                Self::find_param_in_ty(field_ty.into(), param_to_point_at)
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        if let [field] = fields_referencing_param.as_slice() {
-            for expr_field in expr_fields {
-                // Look for the ExprField that matches the field, using the
-                // same rules that check_expr_struct uses for macro hygiene.
-                if self.tcx.adjust_ident(expr_field.ident, variant_def_id) == field.ident(self.tcx)
-                {
-                    return Some((expr_field.expr, self.tcx.type_of(field.did)));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn point_at_path_if_possible(
-        &self,
-        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
-        def_id: DefId,
-        param: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
-        qpath: &QPath<'tcx>,
-    ) -> bool {
-        match qpath {
-            hir::QPath::Resolved(_, path) => {
-                if let Some(segment) = path.segments.last()
-                    && self.point_at_generic_if_possible(error, def_id, param, segment)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            hir::QPath::TypeRelative(_, segment) => {
-                if self.point_at_generic_if_possible(error, def_id, param, segment) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        false
-    }
-
-    fn point_at_generic_if_possible(
-        &self,
-        error: &mut traits::FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
-        def_id: DefId,
-        param_to_point_at: ty::GenericArg<'tcx>,
-        segment: &hir::PathSegment<'tcx>,
-    ) -> bool {
-        let own_substs = self
-            .tcx
-            .generics_of(def_id)
-            .own_substs(ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.tcx, def_id));
-        let Some((index, _)) = own_substs
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|arg| matches!(arg.unpack(), ty::GenericArgKind::Type(_)))
-            .enumerate()
-            .find(|(_, arg)| **arg == param_to_point_at) else { return false };
-        let Some(arg) = segment
-            .args()
-            .args
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|arg| matches!(arg, hir::GenericArg::Type(_)))
-            .nth(index) else { return false; };
-        error.obligation.cause.span = arg
-            .span()
-            .find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(error.obligation.cause.span)
-            .unwrap_or(arg.span());
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn find_ambiguous_parameter_in<T: TypeVisitable<'tcx>>(
-        &self,
-        item_def_id: DefId,
-        t: T,
-    ) -> Option<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>> {
-        struct FindAmbiguousParameter<'a, 'tcx>(&'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, DefId);
-        impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for FindAmbiguousParameter<'_, 'tcx> {
-            type BreakTy = ty::GenericArg<'tcx>;
-            fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> std::ops::ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
-                if let Some(origin) = self.0.type_var_origin(ty)
-                    && let TypeVariableOriginKind::TypeParameterDefinition(_, Some(def_id)) =
-                        origin.kind
-                    && let generics = self.0.tcx.generics_of(self.1)
-                    && let Some(index) = generics.param_def_id_to_index(self.0.tcx, def_id)
-                    && let Some(subst) = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.0.tcx, self.1)
-                        .get(index as usize)
-                {
-                    ControlFlow::Break(*subst)
-                } else {
-                    ty.super_visit_with(self)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        t.visit_with(&mut FindAmbiguousParameter(self, item_def_id)).break_value()
-    }
-
     fn label_fn_like(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
index 1e14eddd4c8..3814ddaf73f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> AstConv<'tcx> for FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         item_segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
         poly_trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        let trait_ref = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let trait_ref = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             span,
             infer::LateBoundRegionConversionTime::AssocTypeProjection(item_def_id),
             poly_trait_ref,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
index 51e3e3ec73d..eaad57d8c2e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
@@ -1336,16 +1336,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 hir::Path { segments: [segment], .. },
             ))
             | hir::ExprKind::Path(QPath::TypeRelative(ty, segment)) => {
-                let self_ty = self.astconv().ast_ty_to_ty(ty);
-                if let Ok(pick) = self.probe_for_name(
-                    Mode::Path,
-                    Ident::new(capitalized_name, segment.ident.span),
-                    Some(expected_ty),
-                    IsSuggestion(true),
-                    self_ty,
-                    expr.hir_id,
-                    ProbeScope::TraitsInScope,
-                ) {
+                if let Some(self_ty) = self.typeck_results.borrow().node_type_opt(ty.hir_id)
+                    && let Ok(pick) = self.probe_for_name(
+                        Mode::Path,
+                        Ident::new(capitalized_name, segment.ident.span),
+                        Some(expected_ty),
+                        IsSuggestion(true),
+                        self_ty,
+                        expr.hir_id,
+                        ProbeScope::TraitsInScope,
+                    )
+                {
                     (pick.item, segment)
                 } else {
                     return false;
@@ -1457,6 +1458,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     generics,
                     diag,
                     vec![(param.name.as_str(), "Clone", Some(clone_trait_did))].into_iter(),
+                    None,
                 );
             } else {
                 self.suggest_derive(diag, &[(trait_ref.to_predicate(self.tcx), None, None)]);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
index 65ca47bfe53..fa0dc4d8415 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     let original_poly_trait_ref = principal.with_self_ty(this.tcx, object_ty);
                     let upcast_poly_trait_ref = this.upcast(original_poly_trait_ref, trait_def_id);
                     let upcast_trait_ref =
-                        this.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(upcast_poly_trait_ref);
+                        this.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(upcast_poly_trait_ref);
                     debug!(
                         "original_poly_trait_ref={:?} upcast_trait_ref={:?} target_trait={:?}",
                         original_poly_trait_ref, upcast_trait_ref, trait_def_id
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             probe::WhereClausePick(poly_trait_ref) => {
                 // Where clauses can have bound regions in them. We need to instantiate
                 // those to convert from a poly-trait-ref to a trait-ref.
-                self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(poly_trait_ref).substs
+                self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(poly_trait_ref).substs
             }
         }
     }
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let sig = self.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst(self.tcx, all_substs);
         debug!("type scheme substituted, sig={:?}", sig);
 
-        let sig = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(sig);
+        let sig = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(sig);
         debug!("late-bound lifetimes from method instantiated, sig={:?}", sig);
 
         (sig, method_predicates)
@@ -625,10 +625,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         upcast_trait_refs.into_iter().next().unwrap()
     }
 
-    fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
+    fn instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy,
     {
-        self.fcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(self.span, infer::FnCall, value)
+        self.fcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(self.span, infer::FnCall, value)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs
index 60d4dc326ee..d5d10cf272a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // with bound regions.
         let fn_sig = tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst(self.tcx, substs);
         let fn_sig =
-            self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(obligation.cause.span, infer::FnCall, fn_sig);
+            self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(obligation.cause.span, infer::FnCall, fn_sig);
 
         let InferOk { value, obligations: o } =
             self.at(&obligation.cause, self.param_env).normalize(fn_sig);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
index 9ab29a6778f..4ce401b52bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             ty::AssocKind::Fn => self.probe(|_| {
                 let substs = self.fresh_substs_for_item(self.span, method.def_id);
                 let fty = self.tcx.fn_sig(method.def_id).subst(self.tcx, substs);
-                let fty = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(self.span, infer::FnCall, fty);
+                let fty = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(self.span, infer::FnCall, fty);
 
                 if let Some(self_ty) = self_ty {
                     if self
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
index 3e8e7734a5a..7cc9e49b1b6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
@@ -268,14 +268,12 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 (GenericArgKind::Lifetime(v_o), GenericArgKind::Lifetime(v_r)) => {
                     // To make `v_o = v_r`, we emit `v_o: v_r` and `v_r: v_o`.
                     if v_o != v_r {
-                        output_query_region_constraints.outlives.push((
-                            ty::Binder::dummy(ty::OutlivesPredicate(v_o.into(), v_r)),
-                            constraint_category,
-                        ));
-                        output_query_region_constraints.outlives.push((
-                            ty::Binder::dummy(ty::OutlivesPredicate(v_r.into(), v_o)),
-                            constraint_category,
-                        ));
+                        output_query_region_constraints
+                            .outlives
+                            .push((ty::OutlivesPredicate(v_o.into(), v_r), constraint_category));
+                        output_query_region_constraints
+                            .outlives
+                            .push((ty::OutlivesPredicate(v_r.into(), v_o), constraint_category));
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -318,10 +316,8 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             query_response.value.region_constraints.outlives.iter().filter_map(|&r_c| {
                 let r_c = substitute_value(self.tcx, &result_subst, r_c);
 
-                // Screen out `'a: 'a` cases -- we skip the binder here but
-                // only compare the inner values to one another, so they are still at
-                // consistent binding levels.
-                let ty::OutlivesPredicate(k1, r2) = r_c.0.skip_binder();
+                // Screen out `'a: 'a` cases.
+                let ty::OutlivesPredicate(k1, r2) = r_c.0;
                 if k1 != r2.into() { Some(r_c) } else { None }
             }),
         );
@@ -559,11 +555,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub fn query_outlives_constraint_to_obligation(
         &self,
-        predicate: QueryOutlivesConstraint<'tcx>,
+        (predicate, _): QueryOutlivesConstraint<'tcx>,
         cause: ObligationCause<'tcx>,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     ) -> Obligation<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>> {
-        let ty::OutlivesPredicate(k1, r2) = predicate.0.skip_binder();
+        let ty::OutlivesPredicate(k1, r2) = predicate;
 
         let atom = match k1.unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Lifetime(r1) => {
@@ -578,7 +574,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 span_bug!(cause.span, "unexpected const outlives {:?}", predicate);
             }
         };
-        let predicate = predicate.0.rebind(atom);
+        let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(atom);
 
         Obligation::new(self.tcx, cause, param_env, predicate)
     }
@@ -643,8 +639,7 @@ pub fn make_query_region_constraints<'tcx>(
     let outlives: Vec<_> = constraints
         .iter()
         .map(|(k, origin)| {
-            // no bound vars in the code above
-            let constraint = ty::Binder::dummy(match *k {
+            let constraint = match *k {
                 // Swap regions because we are going from sub (<=) to outlives
                 // (>=).
                 Constraint::VarSubVar(v1, v2) => ty::OutlivesPredicate(
@@ -658,16 +653,12 @@ pub fn make_query_region_constraints<'tcx>(
                     ty::OutlivesPredicate(tcx.mk_region(ty::ReVar(v2)).into(), r1)
                 }
                 Constraint::RegSubReg(r1, r2) => ty::OutlivesPredicate(r2.into(), r1),
-            });
+            };
             (constraint, origin.to_constraint_category())
         })
-        .chain(
-            outlives_obligations
-                // no bound vars in the code above
-                .map(|(ty, r, constraint_category)| {
-                    (ty::Binder::dummy(ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty.into(), r)), constraint_category)
-                }),
-        )
+        .chain(outlives_obligations.map(|(ty, r, constraint_category)| {
+            (ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty.into(), r), constraint_category)
+        }))
         .collect();
 
     QueryRegionConstraints { outlives, member_constraints: member_constraints.clone() }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
index 46e7813d99e..7db4d92a177 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
                 let a_types = infcx.tcx.anonymize_bound_vars(a_types);
                 let b_types = infcx.tcx.anonymize_bound_vars(b_types);
                 if a_types.bound_vars() == b_types.bound_vars() {
-                    let (a_types, b_types) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(
+                    let (a_types, b_types) = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(
                         a_types.map_bound(|a_types| (a_types, b_types.skip_binder())),
                     );
                     for (a, b) in std::iter::zip(a_types, b_types) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
index b5c2d14e8d1..86f3174b7b2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -1922,7 +1922,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         (ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U8), ty::Char) => {
                             if let Ok(code) = self.tcx.sess().source_map().span_to_snippet(span)
                                 && let Some(code) = code.strip_prefix('\'').and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('\''))
-                                && code.chars().next().map_or(false, |c| c.is_ascii())
+                                && !code.starts_with("\\u") // forbid all Unicode escapes
+                                && code.chars().next().map_or(false, |c| c.is_ascii()) // forbids literal Unicode characters beyond ASCII
                             {
                                 err.span_suggestion(
                                     span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
index 39b3c98f0a5..984e8cf6a0e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
@@ -77,49 +77,86 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     (ty::Param(p), ty::Alias(ty::Projection, proj)) | (ty::Alias(ty::Projection, proj), ty::Param(p))
                         if tcx.def_kind(proj.def_id) != DefKind::ImplTraitPlaceholder =>
                     {
-                        let generics = tcx.generics_of(body_owner_def_id);
-                        let p_span = tcx.def_span(generics.type_param(p, tcx).def_id);
+                        let p_def_id = tcx
+                            .generics_of(body_owner_def_id)
+                            .type_param(p, tcx)
+                            .def_id;
+                        let p_span = tcx.def_span(p_def_id);
                         if !sp.contains(p_span) {
                             diag.span_label(p_span, "this type parameter");
                         }
                         let hir = tcx.hir();
                         let mut note = true;
-                        if let Some(generics) = generics
-                            .type_param(p, tcx)
-                            .def_id
+                        let parent = p_def_id
                             .as_local()
-                            .map(|id| hir.local_def_id_to_hir_id(id))
-                            .and_then(|id| tcx.hir().find_parent(id))
-                            .as_ref()
-                            .and_then(|node| node.generics())
+                            .and_then(|id| {
+                                let local_id = hir.local_def_id_to_hir_id(id);
+                                let generics = tcx.hir().find_parent(local_id)?.generics()?;
+                                Some((id, generics))
+                            });
+                        if let Some((local_id, generics)) = parent
                         {
                             // Synthesize the associated type restriction `Add<Output = Expected>`.
                             // FIXME: extract this logic for use in other diagnostics.
                             let (trait_ref, assoc_substs) = proj.trait_ref_and_own_substs(tcx);
-                            let path =
-                                tcx.def_path_str_with_substs(trait_ref.def_id, trait_ref.substs);
                             let item_name = tcx.item_name(proj.def_id);
                             let item_args = self.format_generic_args(assoc_substs);
 
-                            let path = if path.ends_with('>') {
-                                format!(
-                                    "{}, {}{} = {}>",
-                                    &path[..path.len() - 1],
-                                    item_name,
-                                    item_args,
-                                    p
-                                )
+                            // Here, we try to see if there's an existing
+                            // trait implementation that matches the one that
+                            // we're suggesting to restrict. If so, find the
+                            // "end", whether it be at the end of the trait
+                            // or the end of the generic arguments.
+                            let mut matching_span = None;
+                            let mut matched_end_of_args = false;
+                            for bound in generics.bounds_for_param(local_id) {
+                                let potential_spans = bound
+                                    .bounds
+                                    .iter()
+                                    .find_map(|bound| {
+                                        let bound_trait_path = bound.trait_ref()?.path;
+                                        let def_id = bound_trait_path.res.opt_def_id()?;
+                                        let generic_args = bound_trait_path.segments.iter().last().map(|path| path.args());
+                                        (def_id == trait_ref.def_id).then_some((bound_trait_path.span, generic_args))
+                                    });
+
+                                if let Some((end_of_trait, end_of_args)) = potential_spans {
+                                    let args_span = end_of_args.and_then(|args| args.span());
+                                    matched_end_of_args = args_span.is_some();
+                                    matching_span = args_span
+                                        .or_else(|| Some(end_of_trait))
+                                        .map(|span| span.shrink_to_hi());
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if matched_end_of_args {
+                                // Append suggestion to the end of our args
+                                let path = format!(", {}{} = {}",item_name, item_args, p);
+                                note = !suggest_constraining_type_param(
+                                    tcx,
+                                    generics,
+                                    diag,
+                                    &format!("{}", proj.self_ty()),
+                                    &path,
+                                    None,
+                                    matching_span,
+                                );
                             } else {
-                                format!("{}<{}{} = {}>", path, item_name, item_args, p)
-                            };
-                            note = !suggest_constraining_type_param(
-                                tcx,
-                                generics,
-                                diag,
-                                &format!("{}", proj.self_ty()),
-                                &path,
-                                None,
-                            );
+                                // Suggest adding a bound to an existing trait
+                                // or if the trait doesn't exist, add the trait
+                                // and the suggested bounds.
+                                let path = format!("<{}{} = {}>", item_name, item_args, p);
+                                note = !suggest_constraining_type_param(
+                                    tcx,
+                                    generics,
+                                    diag,
+                                    &format!("{}", proj.self_ty()),
+                                    &path,
+                                    None,
+                                    matching_span,
+                                );
+                            }
                         }
                         if note {
                             diag.note("you might be missing a type parameter or trait bound");
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
index 31be107b354..412e52d8fd7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CombineFields<'a, 'tcx> {
         // First, we instantiate each bound region in the supertype with a
         // fresh placeholder region. Note that this automatically creates
         // a new universe if needed.
-        let sup_prime = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(sup);
+        let sup_prime = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(sup);
 
         // Next, we instantiate each bound region in the subtype
         // with a fresh region variable. These region variables --
         // but no other pre-existing region variables -- can name
         // the placeholders.
-        let sub_prime = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(span, HigherRankedType, sub);
+        let sub_prime = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(span, HigherRankedType, sub);
 
         debug!("a_prime={:?}", sub_prime);
         debug!("b_prime={:?}", sup_prime);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     ///
     /// [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/traits/hrtb.html
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
-    pub fn replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders<T>(&self, binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
+    pub fn instantiate_binder_with_placeholders<T>(&self, binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
index 8e0bcff8d0a..35918b8bae1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
 
         Ok(self.commit_if_ok(|_snapshot| {
             let ty::SubtypePredicate { a_is_expected, a, b } =
-                self.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(predicate);
+                self.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(predicate);
 
             let ok = self.at(cause, param_env).sub_exp(a_is_expected, a, b)?;
 
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         cause: &traits::ObligationCause<'tcx>,
         predicate: ty::PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) {
-        let ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b) = self.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(predicate);
+        let ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b) = self.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(predicate);
         let origin =
             SubregionOrigin::from_obligation_cause(cause, || RelateRegionParamBound(cause.span));
         self.sub_regions(origin, r_b, r_a); // `b : a` ==> `a <= b`
@@ -1447,7 +1447,14 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         value
     }
 
-    pub fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(
+    // Instantiates the bound variables in a given binder with fresh inference
+    // variables in the current universe.
+    //
+    // Use this method if you'd like to find some substitution of the binder's
+    // variables (e.g. during a method call). If there isn't a [`LateBoundRegionConversionTime`]
+    // that corresponds to your use case, consider whether or not you should
+    // use [`InferCtxt::instantiate_binder_with_placeholders`] instead.
+    pub fn instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars<T>(
         &self,
         span: Span,
         lbrct: LateBoundRegionConversionTime,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
index 51c34f0d55f..532fbd0ffe4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
                 let a_types = infcx.tcx.anonymize_bound_vars(a_types);
                 let b_types = infcx.tcx.anonymize_bound_vars(b_types);
                 if a_types.bound_vars() == b_types.bound_vars() {
-                    let (a_types, b_types) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(
+                    let (a_types, b_types) = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(
                         a_types.map_bound(|a_types| (a_types, b_types.skip_binder())),
                     );
                     for (a, b) in std::iter::zip(a_types, b_types) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index 52a4e0e7418..5165ee424e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -758,7 +758,6 @@ fn test_unstable_options_tracking_hash() {
     tracked!(link_only, true);
     tracked!(llvm_plugins, vec![String::from("plugin_name")]);
     tracked!(location_detail, LocationDetail { file: true, line: false, column: false });
-    tracked!(log_backtrace, Some("filter".to_string()));
     tracked!(maximal_hir_to_mir_coverage, true);
     tracked!(merge_functions, Some(MergeFunctions::Disabled));
     tracked!(mir_emit_retag, true);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
index 7e9ba4cd22b..9d8ad9d9ed9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
@@ -4073,7 +4073,8 @@ declare_lint! {
 
 declare_lint! {
     /// The `byte_slice_in_packed_struct_with_derive` lint detects cases where a byte slice field
-    /// (`[u8]`) is used in a `packed` struct that derives one or more built-in traits.
+    /// (`[u8]`) or string slice field (`str`) is used in a `packed` struct that derives one or
+    /// more built-in traits.
     ///
     /// ### Example
     ///
@@ -4091,11 +4092,11 @@ declare_lint! {
     /// ### Explanation
     ///
     /// This was previously accepted but is being phased out, because fields in packed structs are
-    /// now required to implement `Copy` for `derive` to work. Byte slices are a temporary
-    /// exception because certain crates depended on them.
+    /// now required to implement `Copy` for `derive` to work. Byte slices and string slices are a
+    /// temporary exception because certain crates depended on them.
     pub BYTE_SLICE_IN_PACKED_STRUCT_WITH_DERIVE,
     Warn,
-    "`[u8]` slice used in a packed struct with `derive`",
+    "`[u8]` or `str` used in a packed struct with `derive`",
     @future_incompatible = FutureIncompatibleInfo {
         reference: "issue #107457 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/107457>",
         reason: FutureIncompatibilityReason::FutureReleaseErrorReportNow,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h
index 727cfc4416e..9146a3739b2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/Triple.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/Lint.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/Passes.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
@@ -44,6 +43,12 @@
 #include "llvm/IR/IRPrintingPasses.h"
 #include "llvm/Linker/Linker.h"
 
+#if LLVM_VERSION_GE(16, 0)
+#include "llvm/TargetParser/Triple.h"
+#else
+#include "llvm/ADT/Triple.h"
+#endif
+
 extern "C" void LLVMRustSetLastError(const char *);
 
 enum class LLVMRustResult { Success, Failure };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs
index fc1cabd2de9..019fdc30dce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs
@@ -54,25 +54,12 @@ use tracing_subscriber::fmt::{
 use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
 
 pub fn init_rustc_env_logger() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    init_rustc_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(&None)
-}
-
-pub fn init_rustc_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(
-    backtrace_target: &Option<String>,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    init_env_logger_with_backtrace_option("RUSTC_LOG", backtrace_target)
+    init_env_logger("RUSTC_LOG")
 }
 
 /// In contrast to `init_rustc_env_logger` this allows you to choose an env var
 /// other than `RUSTC_LOG`.
 pub fn init_env_logger(env: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    init_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(env, &None)
-}
-
-pub fn init_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(
-    env: &str,
-    backtrace_target: &Option<String>,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
     let filter = match env::var(env) {
         Ok(env) => EnvFilter::new(env),
         _ => EnvFilter::default().add_directive(Directive::from(LevelFilter::WARN)),
@@ -106,8 +93,8 @@ pub fn init_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(
     let layer = layer.with_thread_ids(true).with_thread_names(true);
 
     let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::Registry::default().with(filter).with(layer);
-    match backtrace_target {
-        Some(str) => {
+    match env::var(format!("{env}_BACKTRACE")) {
+        Ok(str) => {
             let fmt_layer = tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
                 .with_writer(io::stderr)
                 .without_time()
@@ -115,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn init_env_logger_with_backtrace_option(
             let subscriber = subscriber.with(fmt_layer);
             tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber).unwrap();
         }
-        None => {
+        Err(_) => {
             tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber).unwrap();
         }
     };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
index 21652063b47..bf8b8aa2ce4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
@@ -356,7 +356,12 @@ impl<'a> CrateLoader<'a> {
         for (_, other) in self.cstore.iter_crate_data() {
             // Same stable crate id but different SVH
             if other.stable_crate_id() == root.stable_crate_id() && other.hash() != root.hash() {
-                return Err(CrateError::SymbolConflictsOthers(root.name()));
+                bug!(
+                    "Previously returned E0523 here. \
+                     See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100599 for additional discussion.\
+                     root.name() = {}.",
+                    root.name()
+                );
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs
index 02c03114eb6..c32686779fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs
@@ -512,14 +512,6 @@ pub struct SymbolConflictsCurrent {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(metadata_symbol_conflicts_others, code = "E0523")]
-pub struct SymbolConflictsOthers {
-    #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub crate_name: Symbol,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(metadata_stable_crate_id_collision)]
 pub struct StableCrateIdCollision {
     #[primary_span]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
index 74f91a14ea9..755a2425350 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
@@ -945,7 +945,6 @@ pub(crate) enum CrateError {
     ExternLocationNotFile(Symbol, PathBuf),
     MultipleCandidates(Symbol, CrateFlavor, Vec<PathBuf>),
     SymbolConflictsCurrent(Symbol),
-    SymbolConflictsOthers(Symbol),
     StableCrateIdCollision(Symbol, Symbol),
     DlOpen(String),
     DlSym(String),
@@ -989,9 +988,6 @@ impl CrateError {
             CrateError::SymbolConflictsCurrent(root_name) => {
                 sess.emit_err(errors::SymbolConflictsCurrent { span, crate_name: root_name });
             }
-            CrateError::SymbolConflictsOthers(root_name) => {
-                sess.emit_err(errors::SymbolConflictsOthers { span, crate_name: root_name });
-            }
             CrateError::StableCrateIdCollision(crate_name0, crate_name1) => {
                 sess.emit_err(errors::StableCrateIdCollision { span, crate_name0, crate_name1 });
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
index 6e130bbf7d8..d6f20a8fc06 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
@@ -324,10 +324,8 @@ impl<'tcx, V> Canonical<'tcx, V> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type QueryOutlivesConstraint<'tcx> = (
-    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<GenericArg<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>>>,
-    ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
-);
+pub type QueryOutlivesConstraint<'tcx> =
+    (ty::OutlivesPredicate<GenericArg<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>>, ConstraintCategory<'tcx>);
 
 TrivialTypeTraversalAndLiftImpls! {
     for <'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
index bd9cd53e115..f22c0dbc60d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
@@ -430,8 +430,10 @@ pub enum ResourceExhaustionInfo {
     ///
     /// The exact limit is set by the `const_eval_limit` attribute.
     StepLimitReached,
-    /// There is not enough memory to perform an allocation.
+    /// There is not enough memory (on the host) to perform an allocation.
     MemoryExhausted,
+    /// The address space (of the target) is full.
+    AddressSpaceFull,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for ResourceExhaustionInfo {
@@ -447,6 +449,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for ResourceExhaustionInfo {
             MemoryExhausted => {
                 write!(f, "tried to allocate more memory than available to compiler")
             }
+            AddressSpaceFull => {
+                write!(f, "there are no more free addresses in the address space")
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index 4cebe416354..0a16ede6499 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// This is because the `hir_crate` query gives you access to all other items.
     /// To avoid this fate, do not call `tcx.hir().krate()`; instead,
     /// prefer wrappers like `tcx.visit_all_items_in_krate()`.
-    query hir_crate(key: ()) -> Crate<'tcx> {
+    query hir_crate(key: ()) -> &'tcx Crate<'tcx> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "getting the crate HIR" }
     }
 
     /// All items in the crate.
-    query hir_crate_items(_: ()) -> rustc_middle::hir::ModuleItems {
+    query hir_crate_items(_: ()) -> &'tcx rustc_middle::hir::ModuleItems {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "getting HIR crate items" }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     ///
     /// This can be conveniently accessed by `tcx.hir().visit_item_likes_in_module`.
     /// Avoid calling this query directly.
-    query hir_module_items(key: LocalDefId) -> rustc_middle::hir::ModuleItems {
+    query hir_module_items(key: LocalDefId) -> &'tcx rustc_middle::hir::ModuleItems {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "getting HIR module items in `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key.to_def_id()) }
         cache_on_disk_if { true }
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         separate_provide_extern
     }
 
-    query unsizing_params_for_adt(key: DefId) -> rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet<u32>
+    query unsizing_params_for_adt(key: DefId) -> &'tcx rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet<u32>
     {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx|
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     /// Maps from the `DefId` of an item (trait/struct/enum/fn) to its
     /// associated generics.
-    query generics_of(key: DefId) -> ty::Generics {
+    query generics_of(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::Generics {
         desc { |tcx| "computing generics of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         arena_cache
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
@@ -295,19 +295,19 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// These are assembled from the following places:
     /// - `extern` blocks (depending on their `link` attributes)
     /// - the `libs` (`-l`) option
-    query native_libraries(_: CrateNum) -> Vec<NativeLib> {
+    query native_libraries(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx Vec<NativeLib> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "looking up the native libraries of a linked crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
 
-    query shallow_lint_levels_on(key: hir::OwnerId) -> rustc_middle::lint::ShallowLintLevelMap {
+    query shallow_lint_levels_on(key: hir::OwnerId) -> &'tcx rustc_middle::lint::ShallowLintLevelMap {
         eval_always // fetches `resolutions`
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "looking up lint levels for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key.to_def_id()) }
     }
 
-    query lint_expectations(_: ()) -> Vec<(LintExpectationId, LintExpectation)> {
+    query lint_expectations(_: ()) -> &'tcx Vec<(LintExpectationId, LintExpectation)> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "computing `#[expect]`ed lints in this crate" }
     }
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Set of param indexes for type params that are in the type's representation
-    query params_in_repr(key: DefId) -> rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet<u32> {
+    query params_in_repr(key: DefId) -> &'tcx rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet<u32> {
         desc { "finding type parameters in the representation" }
         arena_cache
         no_hash
@@ -364,14 +364,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Create a THIR tree for debugging.
-    query thir_tree(key: ty::WithOptConstParam<LocalDefId>) -> String {
+    query thir_tree(key: ty::WithOptConstParam<LocalDefId>) -> &'tcx String {
         no_hash
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "constructing THIR tree for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key.did.to_def_id()) }
     }
 
     /// Create a list-like THIR representation for debugging.
-    query thir_flat(key: ty::WithOptConstParam<LocalDefId>) -> String {
+    query thir_flat(key: ty::WithOptConstParam<LocalDefId>) -> &'tcx String {
         no_hash
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "constructing flat THIR representation for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key.did.to_def_id()) }
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Set of all the `DefId`s in this crate that have MIR associated with
     /// them. This includes all the body owners, but also things like struct
     /// constructors.
-    query mir_keys(_: ()) -> rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet<LocalDefId> {
+    query mir_keys(_: ()) -> &'tcx rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet<LocalDefId> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "getting a list of all mir_keys" }
     }
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query symbols_for_closure_captures(
         key: (LocalDefId, LocalDefId)
-    ) -> Vec<rustc_span::Symbol> {
+    ) -> &'tcx Vec<rustc_span::Symbol> {
         arena_cache
         desc {
             |tcx| "finding symbols for captures of closure `{}` in `{}`",
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         }
     }
 
-    query mir_generator_witnesses(key: DefId) -> mir::GeneratorLayout<'tcx> {
+    query mir_generator_witnesses(key: DefId) -> &'tcx mir::GeneratorLayout<'tcx> {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "generator witness types for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
@@ -508,14 +508,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     /// Returns coverage summary info for a function, after executing the `InstrumentCoverage`
     /// MIR pass (assuming the -Cinstrument-coverage option is enabled).
-    query coverageinfo(key: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> mir::CoverageInfo {
+    query coverageinfo(key: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> &'tcx mir::CoverageInfo {
         desc { |tcx| "retrieving coverage info from MIR for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key.def_id()) }
         arena_cache
     }
 
     /// Returns the `CodeRegions` for a function that has instrumented coverage, in case the
     /// function was optimized out before codegen, and before being added to the Coverage Map.
-    query covered_code_regions(key: DefId) -> Vec<&'tcx mir::coverage::CodeRegion> {
+    query covered_code_regions(key: DefId) -> &'tcx Vec<&'tcx mir::coverage::CodeRegion> {
         desc {
             |tcx| "retrieving the covered `CodeRegion`s, if instrumented, for `{}`",
             tcx.def_path_str(key)
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "erasing regions from `{}`", ty }
     }
 
-    query wasm_import_module_map(_: CrateNum) -> FxHashMap<DefId, String> {
+    query wasm_import_module_map(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx FxHashMap<DefId, String> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "getting wasm import module map" }
     }
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "computing the bounds for type parameter `{}`", tcx.hir().ty_param_name(key.1) }
     }
 
-    query trait_def(key: DefId) -> ty::TraitDef {
+    query trait_def(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::TraitDef {
         desc { |tcx| "computing trait definition for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         arena_cache
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Gets a map with the variance of every item; use `item_variance` instead.
-    query crate_variances(_: ()) -> ty::CrateVariancesMap<'tcx> {
+    query crate_variances(_: ()) -> &'tcx ty::CrateVariancesMap<'tcx> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "computing the variances for items in this crate" }
     }
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Maps from thee `DefId` of a type to its (inferred) outlives.
-    query inferred_outlives_crate(_: ()) -> ty::CratePredicatesMap<'tcx> {
+    query inferred_outlives_crate(_: ()) -> &'tcx ty::CratePredicatesMap<'tcx> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "computing the inferred outlives predicates for items in this crate" }
     }
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Maps from a trait item to the trait item "descriptor".
-    query associated_item(key: DefId) -> ty::AssocItem {
+    query associated_item(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::AssocItem {
         desc { |tcx| "computing associated item data for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         arena_cache
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Collects the associated items defined on a trait or impl.
-    query associated_items(key: DefId) -> ty::AssocItems<'tcx> {
+    query associated_items(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::AssocItems<'tcx> {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "collecting associated items of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
     }
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     ///
     /// The map returned for `tcx.impl_item_implementor_ids(impl_id)` would be
     ///`{ trait_f: impl_f, trait_g: impl_g }`
-    query impl_item_implementor_ids(impl_id: DefId) -> FxHashMap<DefId, DefId> {
+    query impl_item_implementor_ids(impl_id: DefId) -> &'tcx FxHashMap<DefId, DefId> {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "comparing impl items against trait for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(impl_id) }
     }
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     ///
     /// The second return value maps from ADTs to ignored derived traits (e.g. Debug and Clone) and
     /// their respective impl (i.e., part of the derive macro)
-    query live_symbols_and_ignored_derived_traits(_: ()) -> (
+    query live_symbols_and_ignored_derived_traits(_: ()) -> &'tcx (
         FxHashSet<LocalDefId>,
         FxHashMap<LocalDefId, Vec<(DefId, DefId)>>
     ) {
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     /// Gets a complete map from all types to their inherent impls.
     /// Not meant to be used directly outside of coherence.
-    query crate_inherent_impls(k: ()) -> CrateInherentImpls {
+    query crate_inherent_impls(k: ()) -> &'tcx CrateInherentImpls {
         arena_cache
         desc { "finding all inherent impls defined in crate" }
     }
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "checking for private elements in public interfaces" }
     }
 
-    query reachable_set(_: ()) -> FxHashSet<LocalDefId> {
+    query reachable_set(_: ()) -> &'tcx FxHashSet<LocalDefId> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "reachability" }
     }
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Generates a MIR body for the shim.
-    query mir_shims(key: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> mir::Body<'tcx> {
+    query mir_shims(key: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx> {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "generating MIR shim for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key.def_id()) }
     }
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         separate_provide_extern
     }
 
-    query codegen_fn_attrs(def_id: DefId) -> CodegenFnAttrs {
+    query codegen_fn_attrs(def_id: DefId) -> &'tcx CodegenFnAttrs {
         desc { |tcx| "computing codegen attributes of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
         arena_cache
         cache_on_disk_if { def_id.is_local() }
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
     /// Gets the rendered value of the specified constant or associated constant.
     /// Used by rustdoc.
-    query rendered_const(def_id: DefId) -> String {
+    query rendered_const(def_id: DefId) -> &'tcx String {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "rendering constant initializer of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
         cache_on_disk_if { def_id.is_local() }
@@ -1268,12 +1268,12 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Given a trait `trait_id`, return all known `impl` blocks.
-    query trait_impls_of(trait_id: DefId) -> ty::trait_def::TraitImpls {
+    query trait_impls_of(trait_id: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::trait_def::TraitImpls {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "finding trait impls of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(trait_id) }
     }
 
-    query specialization_graph_of(trait_id: DefId) -> specialization_graph::Graph {
+    query specialization_graph_of(trait_id: DefId) -> &'tcx specialization_graph::Graph {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "building specialization graph of trait `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(trait_id) }
         cache_on_disk_if { true }
@@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         separate_provide_extern
     }
 
-    query dependency_formats(_: ()) -> Lrc<crate::middle::dependency_format::Dependencies> {
+    query dependency_formats(_: ()) -> &'tcx Lrc<crate::middle::dependency_format::Dependencies> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "getting the linkage format of all dependencies" }
     }
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     // Does not include external symbols that don't have a corresponding DefId,
     // like the compiler-generated `main` function and so on.
     query reachable_non_generics(_: CrateNum)
-        -> DefIdMap<SymbolExportInfo> {
+        -> &'tcx DefIdMap<SymbolExportInfo> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "looking up the exported symbols of a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// added or removed in any upstream crate. Instead use the narrower
     /// `upstream_monomorphizations_for`, `upstream_drop_glue_for`, or, even
     /// better, `Instance::upstream_monomorphization()`.
-    query upstream_monomorphizations(_: ()) -> DefIdMap<FxHashMap<SubstsRef<'tcx>, CrateNum>> {
+    query upstream_monomorphizations(_: ()) -> &'tcx DefIdMap<FxHashMap<SubstsRef<'tcx>, CrateNum>> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "collecting available upstream monomorphizations" }
     }
@@ -1541,7 +1541,6 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query upstream_monomorphizations_for(def_id: DefId)
         -> Option<&'tcx FxHashMap<SubstsRef<'tcx>, CrateNum>>
     {
-        arena_cache
         desc { |tcx|
             "collecting available upstream monomorphizations for `{}`",
             tcx.def_path_str(def_id),
@@ -1569,7 +1568,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Returns a list of all `extern` blocks of a crate.
-    query foreign_modules(_: CrateNum) -> FxHashMap<DefId, ForeignModule> {
+    query foreign_modules(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx FxHashMap<DefId, ForeignModule> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "looking up the foreign modules of a linked crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
@@ -1603,7 +1602,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     /// Gets the extra data to put in each output filename for a crate.
     /// For example, compiling the `foo` crate with `extra-filename=-a` creates a `libfoo-b.rlib` file.
-    query extra_filename(_: CrateNum) -> String {
+    query extra_filename(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx String {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up the extra filename for a crate" }
@@ -1611,7 +1610,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Gets the paths where the crate came from in the file system.
-    query crate_extern_paths(_: CrateNum) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    query crate_extern_paths(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx Vec<PathBuf> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up the paths for extern crates" }
@@ -1642,7 +1641,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Does lifetime resolution on items. Importantly, we can't resolve
     /// lifetimes directly on things like trait methods, because of trait params.
     /// See `rustc_resolve::late::lifetimes for details.
-    query resolve_lifetimes(_: hir::OwnerId) -> ResolveLifetimes {
+    query resolve_lifetimes(_: hir::OwnerId) -> &'tcx ResolveLifetimes {
         arena_cache
         desc { "resolving lifetimes" }
     }
@@ -1713,7 +1712,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "computing crate imported by `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id.to_def_id()) }
     }
 
-    query lib_features(_: ()) -> LibFeatures {
+    query lib_features(_: ()) -> &'tcx LibFeatures {
         arena_cache
         desc { "calculating the lib features map" }
     }
@@ -1721,7 +1720,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "calculating the lib features defined in a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
-    query stability_implications(_: CrateNum) -> FxHashMap<Symbol, Symbol> {
+    query stability_implications(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx FxHashMap<Symbol, Symbol> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "calculating the implications between `#[unstable]` features defined in a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
@@ -1732,14 +1731,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
         separate_provide_extern
     }
     /// Returns the lang items defined in another crate by loading it from metadata.
-    query get_lang_items(_: ()) -> LanguageItems {
+    query get_lang_items(_: ()) -> &'tcx LanguageItems {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "calculating the lang items map" }
     }
 
     /// Returns all diagnostic items defined in all crates.
-    query all_diagnostic_items(_: ()) -> rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems {
+    query all_diagnostic_items(_: ()) -> &'tcx rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "calculating the diagnostic items map" }
@@ -1752,7 +1751,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Returns the diagnostic items defined in a crate.
-    query diagnostic_items(_: CrateNum) -> rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems {
+    query diagnostic_items(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems {
         arena_cache
         desc { "calculating the diagnostic items map in a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
@@ -1762,11 +1761,11 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "calculating the missing lang items in a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
-    query visible_parent_map(_: ()) -> DefIdMap<DefId> {
+    query visible_parent_map(_: ()) -> &'tcx DefIdMap<DefId> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "calculating the visible parent map" }
     }
-    query trimmed_def_paths(_: ()) -> FxHashMap<DefId, Symbol> {
+    query trimmed_def_paths(_: ()) -> &'tcx FxHashMap<DefId, Symbol> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "calculating trimmed def paths" }
     }
@@ -1775,14 +1774,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "seeing if we're missing an `extern crate` item for this crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
-    query used_crate_source(_: CrateNum) -> Lrc<CrateSource> {
+    query used_crate_source(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx Lrc<CrateSource> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "looking at the source for a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
     /// Returns the debugger visualizers defined for this crate.
-    query debugger_visualizers(_: CrateNum) -> Vec<rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
+    query debugger_visualizers(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx Vec<rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "looking up the debugger visualizers for this crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
@@ -1820,7 +1819,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "finding names imported by glob use for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id.to_def_id()) }
     }
 
-    query stability_index(_: ()) -> stability::Index {
+    query stability_index(_: ()) -> &'tcx stability::Index {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "calculating the stability index for the local crate" }
@@ -1884,7 +1883,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     ///
     /// This query returns an `&Arc` because codegen backends need the value even after the `TyCtxt`
     /// has been destroyed.
-    query output_filenames(_: ()) -> Arc<OutputFilenames> {
+    query output_filenames(_: ()) -> &'tcx Arc<OutputFilenames> {
         feedable
         desc { "getting output filenames" }
         arena_cache
@@ -2057,7 +2056,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         remap_env_constness
     }
 
-    query supported_target_features(_: CrateNum) -> FxHashMap<String, Option<Symbol>> {
+    query supported_target_features(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx FxHashMap<String, Option<Symbol>> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up supported target features" }
@@ -2116,23 +2115,24 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// span) for an *existing* error. Therefore, it is best-effort, and may never handle
     /// all of the cases that the normal `ty::Ty`-based wfcheck does. This is fine,
     /// because the `ty::Ty`-based wfcheck is always run.
-    query diagnostic_hir_wf_check(key: (ty::Predicate<'tcx>, traits::WellFormedLoc)) -> Option<traits::ObligationCause<'tcx>> {
+    query diagnostic_hir_wf_check(
+        key: (ty::Predicate<'tcx>, traits::WellFormedLoc)
+    ) -> &'tcx Option<traits::ObligationCause<'tcx>> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         no_hash
         desc { "performing HIR wf-checking for predicate `{:?}` at item `{:?}`", key.0, key.1 }
     }
 
-
     /// The list of backend features computed from CLI flags (`-Ctarget-cpu`, `-Ctarget-feature`,
     /// `--target` and similar).
-    query global_backend_features(_: ()) -> Vec<String> {
+    query global_backend_features(_: ()) -> &'tcx Vec<String> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         desc { "computing the backend features for CLI flags" }
     }
 
-    query generator_diagnostic_data(key: DefId) -> Option<GeneratorDiagnosticData<'tcx>> {
+    query generator_diagnostic_data(key: DefId) -> &'tcx Option<GeneratorDiagnosticData<'tcx>> {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "looking up generator diagnostic data of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         separate_provide_extern
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs
index cd9b9270140..0a30ae9d0aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs
@@ -193,6 +193,9 @@ fn suggest_removing_unsized_bound(
 }
 
 /// Suggest restricting a type param with a new bound.
+///
+/// If `span_to_replace` is provided, then that span will be replaced with the
+/// `constraint`. If one wasn't provided, then the full bound will be suggested.
 pub fn suggest_constraining_type_param(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     generics: &hir::Generics<'_>,
@@ -200,12 +203,14 @@ pub fn suggest_constraining_type_param(
     param_name: &str,
     constraint: &str,
     def_id: Option<DefId>,
+    span_to_replace: Option<Span>,
 ) -> bool {
     suggest_constraining_type_params(
         tcx,
         generics,
         err,
         [(param_name, constraint, def_id)].into_iter(),
+        span_to_replace,
     )
 }
 
@@ -215,6 +220,7 @@ pub fn suggest_constraining_type_params<'a>(
     generics: &hir::Generics<'_>,
     err: &mut Diagnostic,
     param_names_and_constraints: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a str, &'a str, Option<DefId>)>,
+    span_to_replace: Option<Span>,
 ) -> bool {
     let mut grouped = FxHashMap::default();
     param_names_and_constraints.for_each(|(param_name, constraint, def_id)| {
@@ -253,7 +259,9 @@ pub fn suggest_constraining_type_params<'a>(
         let mut suggest_restrict = |span, bound_list_non_empty| {
             suggestions.push((
                 span,
-                if bound_list_non_empty {
+                if span_to_replace.is_some() {
+                    constraint.clone()
+                } else if bound_list_non_empty {
                     format!(" + {}", constraint)
                 } else {
                     format!(" {}", constraint)
@@ -262,6 +270,11 @@ pub fn suggest_constraining_type_params<'a>(
             ))
         };
 
+        if let Some(span) = span_to_replace {
+            suggest_restrict(span, true);
+            continue;
+        }
+
         // When the type parameter has been provided bounds
         //
         //    Message:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
index 7151b79c5ab..933aaadd62e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
@@ -112,15 +112,15 @@ macro_rules! query_helper_param_ty {
     ($K:ty) => { $K };
 }
 
-macro_rules! query_storage {
-    ([][$K:ty, $V:ty]) => {
-        <<$K as Key>::CacheSelector as CacheSelector<'tcx, $V>>::Cache
+macro_rules! query_if_arena {
+    ([] $arena:ty, $no_arena:ty) => {
+        $no_arena
     };
-    ([(arena_cache) $($rest:tt)*][$K:ty, $V:ty]) => {
-        <<$K as Key>::CacheSelector as CacheSelector<'tcx, $V>>::ArenaCache
+    ([(arena_cache) $($rest:tt)*] $arena:ty, $no_arena:ty) => {
+        $arena
     };
-    ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*][$($args:tt)*]) => {
-        query_storage!([$($modifiers)*][$($args)*])
+    ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*]$($args:tt)*) => {
+        query_if_arena!([$($modifiers)*]$($args)*)
     };
 }
 
@@ -184,23 +184,30 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
 
             $(pub type $name<'tcx> = $($K)*;)*
         }
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
+        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes, unused_parens)]
         pub mod query_values {
             use super::*;
 
-            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = $V;)*
+            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = query_if_arena!([$($modifiers)*] <$V as Deref>::Target, $V);)*
         }
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
+        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes, unused_parens)]
         pub mod query_storage {
             use super::*;
 
-            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = query_storage!([$($modifiers)*][$($K)*, $V]);)*
+            $(
+                pub type $name<'tcx> = query_if_arena!([$($modifiers)*]
+                    <<$($K)* as Key>::CacheSelector
+                        as CacheSelector<'tcx, <$V as Deref>::Target>>::ArenaCache,
+                    <<$($K)* as Key>::CacheSelector as CacheSelector<'tcx, $V>>::Cache
+                );
+            )*
         }
+
         #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
         pub mod query_stored {
             use super::*;
 
-            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = <query_storage::$name<'tcx> as QueryStorage>::Stored;)*
+            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = $V;)*
         }
 
         #[derive(Default)]
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
             $($(#[$attr])*
             #[inline(always)]
             #[must_use]
-            pub fn $name(self, key: query_helper_param_ty!($($K)*)) -> query_stored::$name<'tcx>
+            pub fn $name(self, key: query_helper_param_ty!($($K)*)) -> $V
             {
                 self.at(DUMMY_SP).$name(key)
             })*
@@ -235,7 +242,7 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
         impl<'tcx> TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
             $($(#[$attr])*
             #[inline(always)]
-            pub fn $name(self, key: query_helper_param_ty!($($K)*)) -> query_stored::$name<'tcx>
+            pub fn $name(self, key: query_helper_param_ty!($($K)*)) -> $V
             {
                 let key = key.into_query_param();
                 opt_remap_env_constness!([$($modifiers)*][key]);
@@ -306,7 +313,7 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
                 span: Span,
                 key: query_keys::$name<'tcx>,
                 mode: QueryMode,
-            ) -> Option<query_stored::$name<'tcx>>;)*
+            ) -> Option<$V>;)*
         }
     };
 }
@@ -328,7 +335,7 @@ macro_rules! define_feedable {
         $(impl<'tcx, K: IntoQueryParam<$($K)*> + Copy> TyCtxtFeed<'tcx, K> {
             $(#[$attr])*
             #[inline(always)]
-            pub fn $name(self, value: $V) -> query_stored::$name<'tcx> {
+            pub fn $name(self, value: query_values::$name<'tcx>) -> $V {
                 let key = self.key().into_query_param();
                 opt_remap_env_constness!([$($modifiers)*][key]);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/drop_flag_effects.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/drop_flag_effects.rs
index 3224e13f7af..0d466bbe56e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/drop_flag_effects.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/drop_flag_effects.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::elaborate_drops::DropFlagState;
-use rustc_middle::mir::{self, Body, Location};
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, Body, Location, Terminator, TerminatorKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
 
@@ -194,6 +194,17 @@ pub fn drop_flag_effects_for_location<'tcx, F>(
         on_all_children_bits(tcx, body, move_data, path, |mpi| callback(mpi, DropFlagState::Absent))
     }
 
+    // Drop does not count as a move but we should still consider the variable uninitialized.
+    if let Some(Terminator { kind: TerminatorKind::Drop { place, .. }, .. }) =
+        body.stmt_at(loc).right()
+    {
+        if let LookupResult::Exact(mpi) = move_data.rev_lookup.find(place.as_ref()) {
+            on_all_children_bits(tcx, body, move_data, mpi, |mpi| {
+                callback(mpi, DropFlagState::Absent)
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
     debug!("drop_flag_effects: assignment for location({:?})", loc);
 
     for_location_inits(tcx, body, move_data, loc, |mpi| callback(mpi, DropFlagState::Present));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/builder.rs
index 0195693a7cb..115c8afcce0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/builder.rs
@@ -376,7 +376,8 @@ impl<'b, 'a, 'tcx> Gatherer<'b, 'a, 'tcx> {
             | TerminatorKind::Resume
             | TerminatorKind::Abort
             | TerminatorKind::GeneratorDrop
-            | TerminatorKind::Unreachable => {}
+            | TerminatorKind::Unreachable
+            | TerminatorKind::Drop { .. } => {}
 
             TerminatorKind::Assert { ref cond, .. } => {
                 self.gather_operand(cond);
@@ -391,10 +392,6 @@ impl<'b, 'a, 'tcx> Gatherer<'b, 'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.create_move_path(place);
                 self.gather_init(place.as_ref(), InitKind::Deep);
             }
-
-            TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target: _, unwind: _ } => {
-                self.gather_move(place);
-            }
             TerminatorKind::DropAndReplace { place, ref value, .. } => {
                 self.create_move_path(place);
                 self.gather_operand(value);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/value_analysis.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/value_analysis.rs
index 8bf6493be4b..a6ef2a742c8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/value_analysis.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/value_analysis.rs
@@ -223,13 +223,13 @@ pub trait ValueAnalysis<'tcx> {
         self.super_terminator(terminator, state)
     }
 
-    fn super_terminator(&self, terminator: &Terminator<'tcx>, _state: &mut State<Self::Value>) {
+    fn super_terminator(&self, terminator: &Terminator<'tcx>, state: &mut State<Self::Value>) {
         match &terminator.kind {
             TerminatorKind::Call { .. } | TerminatorKind::InlineAsm { .. } => {
                 // Effect is applied by `handle_call_return`.
             }
-            TerminatorKind::Drop { .. } => {
-                // We don't track dropped places.
+            TerminatorKind::Drop { place, .. } => {
+                state.flood_with(place.as_ref(), self.map(), Self::Value::bottom());
             }
             TerminatorKind::DropAndReplace { .. } | TerminatorKind::Yield { .. } => {
                 // They would have an effect, but are not allowed in this phase.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs
index 4c7d45be075..6e279232bcb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs
@@ -153,8 +153,9 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Replacer<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_operand(&mut self, operand: &mut Operand<'tcx>, loc: Location) {
         if let Operand::Move(place) = *operand
-            && let Some(local) = place.as_local()
-            && !self.fully_moved.contains(local)
+            // A move out of a projection of a copy is equivalent to a copy of the original projection.
+            && !place.has_deref()
+            && !self.fully_moved.contains(place.local)
         {
             *operand = Operand::Copy(place);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs
index 65f4956d23a..c2ff8645635 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,35 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
 use std::fmt;
 
+/// During MIR building, Drop and DropAndReplace terminators are inserted in every place where a drop may occur.
+/// However, in this phase, the presence of these terminators does not guarantee that a destructor will run,
+/// as the target of the drop may be uninitialized.
+/// In general, the compiler cannot determine at compile time whether a destructor will run or not.
+///
+/// At a high level, this pass refines Drop and DropAndReplace to only run the destructor if the
+/// target is initialized. The way this is achievied is by inserting drop flags for every variable
+/// that may be dropped, and then using those flags to determine whether a destructor should run.
+/// This pass also removes DropAndReplace, replacing it with a Drop paired with an assign statement.
+/// Once this is complete, Drop terminators in the MIR correspond to a call to the "drop glue" or
+/// "drop shim" for the type of the dropped place.
+///
+/// This pass relies on dropped places having an associated move path, which is then used to determine
+/// the initialization status of the place and its descendants.
+/// It's worth noting that a MIR containing a Drop without an associated move path is probably ill formed,
+/// as it would allow running a destructor on a place behind a reference:
+///
+/// ```text
+// fn drop_term<T>(t: &mut T) {
+//     mir!(
+//         {
+//             Drop(*t, exit)
+//         }
+//         exit = {
+//             Return()
+//         }
+//     )
+// }
+/// ```
 pub struct ElaborateDrops;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ElaborateDrops {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
index a19ea04fa5e..5b92563fc35 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
@@ -694,8 +694,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         // `where`, so stop if it's it.
         // We also continue if we find types (not traits), again for error recovery.
         while self.can_begin_bound()
-            || self.token.can_begin_type()
-            || (self.token.is_reserved_ident() && !self.token.is_keyword(kw::Where))
+            || (self.may_recover()
+                && (self.token.can_begin_type()
+                    || (self.token.is_reserved_ident() && !self.token.is_keyword(kw::Where))))
         {
             if self.token.is_keyword(kw::Dyn) {
                 // Account for `&dyn Trait + dyn Other`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
index 47b2fd8f8f4..9443ded704d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl DepNodeIndex {
 }
 
 impl From<DepNodeIndex> for QueryInvocationId {
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn from(dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex) -> Self {
         QueryInvocationId(dep_node_index.as_u32())
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/caches.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/caches.rs
index 21c89cbc4f1..9f875b43731 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/caches.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/caches.rs
@@ -23,10 +23,6 @@ pub trait CacheSelector<'tcx, V> {
 pub trait QueryStorage {
     type Value: Debug;
     type Stored: Copy;
-
-    /// Store a value without putting it in the cache.
-    /// This is meant to be used with cycle errors.
-    fn store_nocache(&self, value: Self::Value) -> Self::Stored;
 }
 
 pub trait QueryCache: QueryStorage + Sized {
@@ -68,12 +64,6 @@ impl<K, V> Default for DefaultCache<K, V> {
 impl<K: Eq + Hash, V: Copy + Debug> QueryStorage for DefaultCache<K, V> {
     type Value = V;
     type Stored = V;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn store_nocache(&self, value: Self::Value) -> Self::Stored {
-        // We have no dedicated storage
-        value
-    }
 }
 
 impl<K, V> QueryCache for DefaultCache<K, V>
@@ -144,13 +134,6 @@ impl<'tcx, K, V> Default for ArenaCache<'tcx, K, V> {
 impl<'tcx, K: Eq + Hash, V: Debug + 'tcx> QueryStorage for ArenaCache<'tcx, K, V> {
     type Value = V;
     type Stored = &'tcx V;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn store_nocache(&self, value: Self::Value) -> Self::Stored {
-        let value = self.arena.alloc((value, DepNodeIndex::INVALID));
-        let value = unsafe { &*(&value.0 as *const _) };
-        &value
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, K, V: 'tcx> QueryCache for ArenaCache<'tcx, K, V>
@@ -231,12 +214,6 @@ impl<K: Idx, V> Default for VecCache<K, V> {
 impl<K: Eq + Idx, V: Copy + Debug> QueryStorage for VecCache<K, V> {
     type Value = V;
     type Stored = V;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn store_nocache(&self, value: Self::Value) -> Self::Stored {
-        // We have no dedicated storage
-        value
-    }
 }
 
 impl<K, V> QueryCache for VecCache<K, V>
@@ -309,13 +286,6 @@ impl<'tcx, K: Idx, V> Default for VecArenaCache<'tcx, K, V> {
 impl<'tcx, K: Eq + Idx, V: Debug + 'tcx> QueryStorage for VecArenaCache<'tcx, K, V> {
     type Value = V;
     type Stored = &'tcx V;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn store_nocache(&self, value: Self::Value) -> Self::Stored {
-        let value = self.arena.alloc((value, DepNodeIndex::INVALID));
-        let value = unsafe { &*(&value.0 as *const _) };
-        &value
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, K, V: 'tcx> QueryCache for VecArenaCache<'tcx, K, V>
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
index ffc413d15f5..ed66d1929c5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
@@ -121,20 +121,17 @@ where
 
 #[cold]
 #[inline(never)]
-fn mk_cycle<Qcx, V, R, D: DepKind>(
+fn mk_cycle<Qcx, R, D: DepKind>(
     qcx: Qcx,
     cycle_error: CycleError<D>,
     handler: HandleCycleError,
-    cache: &dyn crate::query::QueryStorage<Value = V, Stored = R>,
 ) -> R
 where
     Qcx: QueryContext + crate::query::HasDepContext<DepKind = D>,
-    V: std::fmt::Debug + Value<Qcx::DepContext, Qcx::DepKind>,
-    R: Copy,
+    R: std::fmt::Debug + Value<Qcx::DepContext, Qcx::DepKind>,
 {
     let error = report_cycle(qcx.dep_context().sess(), &cycle_error);
-    let value = handle_cycle_error(*qcx.dep_context(), &cycle_error, error, handler);
-    cache.store_nocache(value)
+    handle_cycle_error(*qcx.dep_context(), &cycle_error, error, handler)
 }
 
 fn handle_cycle_error<Tcx, V>(
@@ -346,9 +343,7 @@ where
 {
     match cache.lookup(&key) {
         Some((value, index)) => {
-            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(tcx.profiler().enabled()) {
-                tcx.profiler().query_cache_hit(index.into());
-            }
+            tcx.profiler().query_cache_hit(index.into());
             tcx.dep_graph().read_index(index);
             Some(value)
         }
@@ -399,7 +394,7 @@ where
             (result, Some(dep_node_index))
         }
         TryGetJob::Cycle(error) => {
-            let result = mk_cycle(qcx, error, Q::HANDLE_CYCLE_ERROR, cache);
+            let result = mk_cycle(qcx, error, Q::HANDLE_CYCLE_ERROR);
             (result, None)
         }
         #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
@@ -408,9 +403,7 @@ where
                 panic!("value must be in cache after waiting")
             };
 
-            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(qcx.dep_context().profiler().enabled()) {
-                qcx.dep_context().profiler().query_cache_hit(index.into());
-            }
+            qcx.dep_context().profiler().query_cache_hit(index.into());
             query_blocked_prof_timer.finish_with_query_invocation_id(index.into());
 
             (v, Some(index))
@@ -776,9 +769,7 @@ where
     // Ensure that only one of them runs the query.
     let cache = Q::query_cache(qcx);
     if let Some((_, index)) = cache.lookup(&key) {
-        if std::intrinsics::unlikely(qcx.dep_context().profiler().enabled()) {
-            qcx.dep_context().profiler().query_cache_hit(index.into());
-        }
+        qcx.dep_context().profiler().query_cache_hit(index.into());
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index 0db4d85ff4b..61cb81aec3d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -1413,8 +1413,6 @@ options! {
         "what location details should be tracked when using caller_location, either \
         `none`, or a comma separated list of location details, for which \
         valid options are `file`, `line`, and `column` (default: `file,line,column`)"),
-    log_backtrace: Option<String> = (None, parse_opt_string, [TRACKED],
-        "add a backtrace along with logging"),
     ls: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
         "list the symbols defined by a library crate (default: no)"),
     macro_backtrace: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index 1933360f722..ef417d3e0a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ symbols! {
         plugins,
         pointee_trait,
         pointer,
-        pointer_sized,
+        pointer_like,
         poll,
         position,
         post_dash_lto: "post-lto",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly.rs
index ccdf6246083..8525b96c0c2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly.rs
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ pub(super) trait GoalKind<'tcx>: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy + Eq {
         goal: Goal<'tcx, Self>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx>;
 
-    // A type is `PointerSized` if we can compute its layout, and that layout
+    // A type is `PointerLike` if we can compute its layout, and that layout
     // matches the layout of `usize`.
-    fn consider_builtin_pointer_sized_candidate(
+    fn consider_builtin_pointer_like_candidate(
         ecx: &mut EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
         goal: Goal<'tcx, Self>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx>;
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             || lang_items.clone_trait() == Some(trait_def_id)
         {
             G::consider_builtin_copy_clone_candidate(self, goal)
-        } else if lang_items.pointer_sized() == Some(trait_def_id) {
-            G::consider_builtin_pointer_sized_candidate(self, goal)
+        } else if lang_items.pointer_like() == Some(trait_def_id) {
+            G::consider_builtin_pointer_like_candidate(self, goal)
         } else if let Some(kind) = self.tcx().fn_trait_kind_from_def_id(trait_def_id) {
             G::consider_builtin_fn_trait_candidates(self, goal, kind)
         } else if lang_items.tuple_trait() == Some(trait_def_id) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs
index a2c15123b4f..c1936b7dbe4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitEngine<'tcx> for FulfillmentCtxt<'tcx> {
                                     )
                                 }
                                 ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(pred) => {
-                                    let (a, b) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(
+                                    let (a, b) = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(
                                         goal.predicate.kind().rebind((pred.a, pred.b)),
                                     );
                                     let expected_found = ExpectedFound::new(true, a, b);
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitEngine<'tcx> for FulfillmentCtxt<'tcx> {
                                     )
                                 }
                                 ty::PredicateKind::Coerce(pred) => {
-                                    let (a, b) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(
+                                    let (a, b) = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(
                                         goal.predicate.kind().rebind((pred.a, pred.b)),
                                     );
                                     let expected_found = ExpectedFound::new(false, a, b);
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitEngine<'tcx> for FulfillmentCtxt<'tcx> {
                                     )
                                 }
                                 ty::PredicateKind::ConstEquate(a, b) => {
-                                    let (a, b) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(
+                                    let (a, b) = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(
                                         goal.predicate.kind().rebind((a, b)),
                                     );
                                     let expected_found = ExpectedFound::new(true, a, b);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/infcx_ext.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/infcx_ext.rs
index 42f597c781d..36f987c9f9c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/infcx_ext.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/infcx_ext.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub(super) trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         rhs: T,
     ) -> Result<Vec<Goal<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>>, NoSolution>;
 
-    fn instantiate_bound_vars_with_infer<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy>(
+    fn instantiate_binder_with_infer<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy>(
         &self,
         value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> T;
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             })
     }
 
-    fn instantiate_bound_vars_with_infer<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy>(
+    fn instantiate_binder_with_infer<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy>(
         &self,
         value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> T {
-        self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             DUMMY_SP,
             LateBoundRegionConversionTime::HigherRankedType,
             value,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs
index e4725c0a1b7..9f092b6018f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            let kind = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(kind);
+            let kind = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(kind);
             let goal = goal.with(self.tcx(), ty::Binder::dummy(kind));
             let (_, certainty) = self.evaluate_goal(goal)?;
             self.make_canonical_response(certainty)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs
index 9f62f686af6..e3ec71d1b4f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for ProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
         {
             ecx.infcx.probe(|_| {
                 let assumption_projection_pred =
-                    ecx.infcx.instantiate_bound_vars_with_infer(poly_projection_pred);
+                    ecx.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_infer(poly_projection_pred);
                 let nested_goals = ecx.infcx.eq(
                     goal.param_env,
                     goal.predicate.projection_ty,
@@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for ProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
         bug!("`Copy`/`Clone` does not have an associated type: {:?}", goal);
     }
 
-    fn consider_builtin_pointer_sized_candidate(
+    fn consider_builtin_pointer_like_candidate(
         _ecx: &mut EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
         goal: Goal<'tcx, Self>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
-        bug!("`PointerSized` does not have an associated type: {:?}", goal);
+        bug!("`PointerLike` does not have an associated type: {:?}", goal);
     }
 
     fn consider_builtin_fn_trait_candidates(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs
index 7514c7ee551..a2ca4bc189c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use cache::ProvisionalCache;
 use overflow::OverflowData;
 use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+use std::{collections::hash_map::Entry, mem};
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     pub struct StackDepth {}
@@ -134,12 +134,15 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
         let provisional_entry_index = *cache.lookup_table.get(&goal).unwrap();
         let provisional_entry = &mut cache.entries[provisional_entry_index];
         let depth = provisional_entry.depth;
+        // We eagerly update the response in the cache here. If we have to reevaluate
+        // this goal we use the new response when hitting a cycle, and we definitely
+        // want to access the final response whenever we look at the cache.
+        let prev_response = mem::replace(&mut provisional_entry.response, response);
+
         // Was the current goal the root of a cycle and was the provisional response
         // different from the final one.
-        if has_been_used && provisional_entry.response != response {
-            // If so, update the provisional reponse for this goal...
-            provisional_entry.response = response;
-            // ...remove all entries whose result depends on this goal
+        if has_been_used && prev_response != response {
+            // If so, remove all entries whose result depends on this goal
             // from the provisional cache...
             //
             // That's not completely correct, as a nested goal can also
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
index 0003dfeaee7..06a72e95d49 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
             // FIXME: Constness and polarity
             ecx.infcx.probe(|_| {
                 let assumption_trait_pred =
-                    ecx.infcx.instantiate_bound_vars_with_infer(poly_trait_pred);
+                    ecx.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_infer(poly_trait_pred);
                 let nested_goals = ecx.infcx.eq(
                     goal.param_env,
                     goal.predicate.trait_ref,
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
         )
     }
 
-    fn consider_builtin_pointer_sized_candidate(
+    fn consider_builtin_pointer_like_candidate(
         ecx: &mut EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
         goal: Goal<'tcx, Self>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals/structural_traits.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals/structural_traits.rs
index 5007a019e18..1ee35a86e62 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals/structural_traits.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals/structural_traits.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub(super) fn instantiate_constituent_tys_for_auto_trait<'tcx>(
         }
 
         ty::GeneratorWitness(types) => {
-            Ok(infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(types).to_vec())
+            Ok(infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(types).to_vec())
         }
 
         ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => todo!(),
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub(super) fn instantiate_constituent_tys_for_copy_clone_trait<'tcx>(
         }
 
         ty::GeneratorWitness(types) => {
-            Ok(infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(types).to_vec())
+            Ok(infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(types).to_vec())
         }
 
         ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => todo!(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs
index 6bf453c3ff0..84045c4d0ed 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub fn recompute_applicable_impls<'tcx>(
     let impl_may_apply = |impl_def_id| {
         let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
         let placeholder_obligation =
-            infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
+            infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let obligation_trait_ref =
             ocx.normalize(&ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env, placeholder_obligation.trait_ref);
 
@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ pub fn recompute_applicable_impls<'tcx>(
     let param_env_candidate_may_apply = |poly_trait_predicate: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>| {
         let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
         let placeholder_obligation =
-            infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
+            infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let obligation_trait_ref =
             ocx.normalize(&ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env, placeholder_obligation.trait_ref);
 
-        let param_env_predicate = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let param_env_predicate = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             DUMMY_SP,
             LateBoundRegionConversionTime::HigherRankedType,
             poly_trait_predicate,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index f6d0b9713f0..cf1e05ada47 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -1716,7 +1716,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             let (values, err) = if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(data)) =
                 bound_predicate.skip_binder()
             {
-                let data = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+                let data = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                     obligation.cause.span,
                     infer::LateBoundRegionConversionTime::HigherRankedType,
                     bound_predicate.rebind(data),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index 87dbf7c3fd6..59aef52910e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         &param_name,
                         &constraint,
                         Some(trait_pred.def_id()),
+                        None,
                     ) {
                         return;
                     }
@@ -897,7 +898,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             return false;
         }
 
-        let self_ty = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let self_ty = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             DUMMY_SP,
             LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
             trait_pred.self_ty(),
@@ -1087,6 +1088,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     param.name.as_str(),
                     "Clone",
                     Some(clone_trait),
+                    None,
                 );
             }
             err.span_suggestion_verbose(
@@ -1189,7 +1191,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
         }) else { return None; };
 
-        let output = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let output = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             DUMMY_SP,
             LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
             output,
@@ -1198,7 +1200,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             .skip_binder()
             .iter()
             .map(|ty| {
-                self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+                self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
                     DUMMY_SP,
                     LateBoundRegionConversionTime::FnCall,
                     inputs.rebind(*ty),
@@ -3804,13 +3806,13 @@ fn hint_missing_borrow<'tcx>(
     err: &mut Diagnostic,
 ) {
     let found_args = match found.kind() {
-        ty::FnPtr(f) => infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(*f).inputs().iter(),
+        ty::FnPtr(f) => infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(*f).inputs().iter(),
         kind => {
             span_bug!(span, "found was converted to a FnPtr above but is now {:?}", kind)
         }
     };
     let expected_args = match expected.kind() {
-        ty::FnPtr(f) => infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(*f).inputs().iter(),
+        ty::FnPtr(f) => infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(*f).inputs().iter(),
         kind => {
             span_bug!(span, "expected was converted to a FnPtr above but is now {:?}", kind)
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
index 18d30771035..3adc1e62e0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ObligationProcessor for FulfillProcessor<'a, 'tcx> {
                 | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(..)
                 | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEquate(..) => {
                     let pred =
-                        ty::Binder::dummy(infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(binder));
+                        ty::Binder::dummy(infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(binder));
                     ProcessResult::Changed(mk_pending(vec![obligation.with(infcx.tcx, pred)]))
                 }
                 ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous => ProcessResult::Unchanged,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
index 53cae3e720c..aa81bc640aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ pub(super) fn poly_project_and_unify_type<'cx, 'tcx>(
     let r = infcx.commit_if_ok(|_snapshot| {
         let old_universe = infcx.universe();
         let placeholder_predicate =
-            infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
+            infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let new_universe = infcx.universe();
 
         let placeholder_obligation = obligation.with(infcx.tcx, placeholder_predicate);
@@ -2046,7 +2046,7 @@ fn confirm_param_env_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     let cause = &obligation.cause;
     let param_env = obligation.param_env;
 
-    let cache_entry = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+    let cache_entry = infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
         cause.span,
         LateBoundRegionConversionTime::HigherRankedType,
         poly_cache_entry,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs
index 7b7abcf552a..e9f7c3bc4cc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 self.assemble_candidates_for_transmutability(obligation, &mut candidates);
             } else if lang_items.tuple_trait() == Some(def_id) {
                 self.assemble_candidate_for_tuple(obligation, &mut candidates);
-            } else if lang_items.pointer_sized() == Some(def_id) {
+            } else if lang_items.pointer_like() == Some(def_id) {
                 self.assemble_candidate_for_ptr_sized(obligation, &mut candidates);
             } else {
                 if lang_items.clone_trait() == Some(def_id) {
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
             let poly_trait_predicate = self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(obligation.predicate);
             let placeholder_trait_predicate =
-                self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(poly_trait_predicate);
+                self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(poly_trait_predicate);
 
             // Count only those upcast versions that match the trait-ref
             // we are looking for. Specifically, do not only check for the
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
index 94d9eb8f587..fcc4820c2a6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
         let trait_predicate = self.infcx.shallow_resolve(obligation.predicate);
         let placeholder_trait_predicate =
-            self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(trait_predicate).trait_ref;
+            self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(trait_predicate).trait_ref;
         let placeholder_self_ty = placeholder_trait_predicate.self_ty();
         let placeholder_trait_predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(placeholder_trait_predicate);
         let (def_id, substs) = match *placeholder_self_ty.kind() {
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             let cause = obligation.derived_cause(BuiltinDerivedObligation);
 
             let poly_trait_ref = obligation.predicate.to_poly_trait_ref();
-            let trait_ref = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(poly_trait_ref);
+            let trait_ref = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(poly_trait_ref);
             let trait_obligations: Vec<PredicateObligation<'_>> = self.impl_or_trait_obligations(
                 &cause,
                 obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         debug!(?obligation, ?index, "confirm_object_candidate");
 
-        let trait_predicate = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
+        let trait_predicate = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let self_ty = self.infcx.shallow_resolve(trait_predicate.self_ty());
         let obligation_trait_ref = ty::Binder::dummy(trait_predicate.trait_ref);
         let ty::Dynamic(data, ..) = *self_ty.kind() else {
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let object_trait_ref = data.principal().unwrap_or_else(|| {
             span_bug!(obligation.cause.span, "object candidate with no principal")
         });
-        let object_trait_ref = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let object_trait_ref = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             obligation.cause.span,
             HigherRankedType,
             object_trait_ref,
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         // Confirm the `type Output: Sized;` bound that is present on `FnOnce`
-        let output_ty = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(sig.output());
+        let output_ty = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(sig.output());
         let output_ty = normalize_with_depth_to(
             self,
             obligation.param_env,
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         debug!(?obligation, "confirm_trait_alias_candidate");
 
         let alias_def_id = obligation.predicate.def_id();
-        let predicate = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
+        let predicate = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let trait_ref = predicate.trait_ref;
         let trait_def_id = trait_ref.def_id;
         let substs = trait_ref.substs;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
index 0c6b2406bbd..984d6fde268 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
     ) -> smallvec::SmallVec<[(usize, ty::BoundConstness); 2]> {
         let poly_trait_predicate = self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(obligation.predicate);
         let placeholder_trait_predicate =
-            self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(poly_trait_predicate);
+            self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(poly_trait_predicate);
         debug!(?placeholder_trait_predicate);
 
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
@@ -1738,7 +1738,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         potentially_unnormalized_candidates: bool,
     ) -> ProjectionMatchesProjection {
         let mut nested_obligations = Vec::new();
-        let infer_predicate = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
+        let infer_predicate = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
             obligation.cause.span,
             LateBoundRegionConversionTime::HigherRankedType,
             env_predicate,
@@ -2339,7 +2339,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             .flat_map(|ty| {
                 let ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> = types.rebind(*ty); // <----/
 
-                let placeholder_ty = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(ty);
+                let placeholder_ty = self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(ty);
                 let Normalized { value: normalized_ty, mut obligations } =
                     ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
                         project::normalize_with_depth(
@@ -2418,7 +2418,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         obligation: &TraitObligation<'tcx>,
     ) -> Result<Normalized<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>>, ()> {
         let placeholder_obligation =
-            self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
+            self.infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let placeholder_obligation_trait_ref = placeholder_obligation.trait_ref;
 
         let impl_substs = self.infcx.fresh_substs_for_item(obligation.cause.span, impl_def_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
index d5de457a82c..4aa958878d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,8 @@ bitflags! {
                                           // which is different from how types/const are freshened.
                                           | TypeFlags::HAS_TY_FRESH.bits
                                           | TypeFlags::HAS_CT_FRESH.bits
-                                          | TypeFlags::HAS_FREE_LOCAL_REGIONS.bits;
+                                          | TypeFlags::HAS_FREE_LOCAL_REGIONS.bits
+                                          | TypeFlags::HAS_RE_ERASED.bits;
 
         /// Does this have `Projection`?
         const HAS_TY_PROJECTION           = 1 << 10;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs
index e7bb3055373..3ede95e8431 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs
@@ -310,47 +310,51 @@ impl<I: Interner> Clone for TyKind<I> {
 impl<I: Interner> PartialEq for TyKind<I> {
     #[inline]
     fn eq(&self, other: &TyKind<I>) -> bool {
-        tykind_discriminant(self) == tykind_discriminant(other)
-            && match (self, other) {
-                (Int(a_i), Int(b_i)) => a_i == b_i,
-                (Uint(a_u), Uint(b_u)) => a_u == b_u,
-                (Float(a_f), Float(b_f)) => a_f == b_f,
-                (Adt(a_d, a_s), Adt(b_d, b_s)) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
-                (Foreign(a_d), Foreign(b_d)) => a_d == b_d,
-                (Array(a_t, a_c), Array(b_t, b_c)) => a_t == b_t && a_c == b_c,
-                (Slice(a_t), Slice(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
-                (RawPtr(a_t), RawPtr(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
-                (Ref(a_r, a_t, a_m), Ref(b_r, b_t, b_m)) => a_r == b_r && a_t == b_t && a_m == b_m,
-                (FnDef(a_d, a_s), FnDef(b_d, b_s)) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
-                (FnPtr(a_s), FnPtr(b_s)) => a_s == b_s,
-                (Dynamic(a_p, a_r, a_repr), Dynamic(b_p, b_r, b_repr)) => {
-                    a_p == b_p && a_r == b_r && a_repr == b_repr
-                }
-                (Closure(a_d, a_s), Closure(b_d, b_s)) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
-                (Generator(a_d, a_s, a_m), Generator(b_d, b_s, b_m)) => {
-                    a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s && a_m == b_m
-                }
-                (GeneratorWitness(a_g), GeneratorWitness(b_g)) => a_g == b_g,
-                (
-                    &GeneratorWitnessMIR(ref a_d, ref a_s),
-                    &GeneratorWitnessMIR(ref b_d, ref b_s),
-                ) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
-                (Tuple(a_t), Tuple(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
-                (Alias(a_i, a_p), Alias(b_i, b_p)) => a_i == b_i && a_p == b_p,
-                (Param(a_p), Param(b_p)) => a_p == b_p,
-                (Bound(a_d, a_b), Bound(b_d, b_b)) => a_d == b_d && a_b == b_b,
-                (Placeholder(a_p), Placeholder(b_p)) => a_p == b_p,
-                (Infer(a_t), Infer(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
-                (Error(a_e), Error(b_e)) => a_e == b_e,
-                (Bool, Bool) | (Char, Char) | (Str, Str) | (Never, Never) => true,
-                _ => {
-                    debug_assert!(
-                        false,
-                        "This branch must be unreachable, maybe the match is missing an arm? self = self = {self:?}, other = {other:?}"
-                    );
-                    true
-                }
+        // You might expect this `match` to be preceded with this:
+        //
+        //   tykind_discriminant(self) == tykind_discriminant(other) &&
+        //
+        // but the data patterns in practice are such that a comparison
+        // succeeds 99%+ of the time, and it's faster to omit it.
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Int(a_i), Int(b_i)) => a_i == b_i,
+            (Uint(a_u), Uint(b_u)) => a_u == b_u,
+            (Float(a_f), Float(b_f)) => a_f == b_f,
+            (Adt(a_d, a_s), Adt(b_d, b_s)) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
+            (Foreign(a_d), Foreign(b_d)) => a_d == b_d,
+            (Array(a_t, a_c), Array(b_t, b_c)) => a_t == b_t && a_c == b_c,
+            (Slice(a_t), Slice(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
+            (RawPtr(a_t), RawPtr(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
+            (Ref(a_r, a_t, a_m), Ref(b_r, b_t, b_m)) => a_r == b_r && a_t == b_t && a_m == b_m,
+            (FnDef(a_d, a_s), FnDef(b_d, b_s)) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
+            (FnPtr(a_s), FnPtr(b_s)) => a_s == b_s,
+            (Dynamic(a_p, a_r, a_repr), Dynamic(b_p, b_r, b_repr)) => {
+                a_p == b_p && a_r == b_r && a_repr == b_repr
             }
+            (Closure(a_d, a_s), Closure(b_d, b_s)) => a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s,
+            (Generator(a_d, a_s, a_m), Generator(b_d, b_s, b_m)) => {
+                a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s && a_m == b_m
+            }
+            (GeneratorWitness(a_g), GeneratorWitness(b_g)) => a_g == b_g,
+            (&GeneratorWitnessMIR(ref a_d, ref a_s), &GeneratorWitnessMIR(ref b_d, ref b_s)) => {
+                a_d == b_d && a_s == b_s
+            }
+            (Tuple(a_t), Tuple(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
+            (Alias(a_i, a_p), Alias(b_i, b_p)) => a_i == b_i && a_p == b_p,
+            (Param(a_p), Param(b_p)) => a_p == b_p,
+            (Bound(a_d, a_b), Bound(b_d, b_b)) => a_d == b_d && a_b == b_b,
+            (Placeholder(a_p), Placeholder(b_p)) => a_p == b_p,
+            (Infer(a_t), Infer(b_t)) => a_t == b_t,
+            (Error(a_e), Error(b_e)) => a_e == b_e,
+            (Bool, Bool) | (Char, Char) | (Str, Str) | (Never, Never) => true,
+            _ => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    tykind_discriminant(self) != tykind_discriminant(other),
+                    "This branch must be unreachable, maybe the match is missing an arm? self = self = {self:?}, other = {other:?}"
+                );
+                false
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -408,7 +412,7 @@ impl<I: Interner> Ord for TyKind<I> {
                 (Error(a_e), Error(b_e)) => a_e.cmp(b_e),
                 (Bool, Bool) | (Char, Char) | (Str, Str) | (Never, Never) => Ordering::Equal,
                 _ => {
-                    debug_assert!(false, "This branch must be unreachable, maybe the match is missing an arm? self = self = {self:?}, other = {other:?}");
+                    debug_assert!(false, "This branch must be unreachable, maybe the match is missing an arm? self = {self:?}, other = {other:?}");
                     Ordering::Equal
                 }
             }