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-rw-r--r--src/libstd/ascii.rs582
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diff --git a/src/libstd/ascii.rs b/src/libstd/ascii.rs
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+// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Operations on ASCII strings and characters.
+
+use to_str::{ToStr,ToStrConsume};
+use str;
+use str::StrSlice;
+use str::OwnedStr;
+use container::Container;
+use cast;
+use iter::Iterator;
+use vec::{CopyableVector, ImmutableVector, MutableVector};
+use to_bytes::IterBytes;
+use option::{Some, None};
+
+/// Datatype to hold one ascii character. It wraps a `u8`, with the highest bit always zero.
+#[deriving(Clone, Eq, Ord, TotalOrd, TotalEq)]
+pub struct Ascii { priv chr: u8 }
+
+impl Ascii {
+    /// Converts a ascii character into a `u8`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_byte(self) -> u8 {
+        self.chr
+    }
+
+    /// Converts a ascii character into a `char`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_char(self) -> char {
+        self.chr as char
+    }
+
+    /// Convert to lowercase.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_lower(self) -> Ascii {
+        Ascii{chr: ASCII_LOWER_MAP[self.chr]}
+    }
+
+    /// Convert to uppercase.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_upper(self) -> Ascii {
+        Ascii{chr: ASCII_UPPER_MAP[self.chr]}
+    }
+
+    /// Compares two ascii characters of equality, ignoring case.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn eq_ignore_case(self, other: Ascii) -> bool {
+        ASCII_LOWER_MAP[self.chr] == ASCII_LOWER_MAP[other.chr]
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToStr for Ascii {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_str(&self) -> ~str {
+        // self.chr is always a valid utf8 byte, no need for the check
+        unsafe { str::raw::from_byte(self.chr) }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait for converting into an ascii type.
+pub trait AsciiCast<T> {
+    /// Convert to an ascii type
+    fn to_ascii(&self) -> T;
+
+    /// Convert to an ascii type, not doing any range asserts
+    unsafe fn to_ascii_nocheck(&self) -> T;
+
+    /// Check if convertible to ascii
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<'self> AsciiCast<&'self[Ascii]> for &'self [u8] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_ascii(&self) -> &'self[Ascii] {
+        assert!(self.is_ascii());
+        unsafe {self.to_ascii_nocheck()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn to_ascii_nocheck(&self) -> &'self[Ascii] {
+        cast::transmute(*self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
+        for b in self.iter() {
+            if !b.is_ascii() { return false; }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'self> AsciiCast<&'self [Ascii]> for &'self str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_ascii(&self) -> &'self [Ascii] {
+        assert!(self.is_ascii());
+        unsafe { self.to_ascii_nocheck() }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn to_ascii_nocheck(&self) -> &'self [Ascii] {
+        cast::transmute(*self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
+        self.byte_iter().all(|b| b.is_ascii())
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsciiCast<Ascii> for u8 {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_ascii(&self) -> Ascii {
+        assert!(self.is_ascii());
+        unsafe {self.to_ascii_nocheck()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn to_ascii_nocheck(&self) -> Ascii {
+        Ascii{ chr: *self }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
+        *self & 128 == 0u8
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsciiCast<Ascii> for char {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_ascii(&self) -> Ascii {
+        assert!(self.is_ascii());
+        unsafe {self.to_ascii_nocheck()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn to_ascii_nocheck(&self) -> Ascii {
+        Ascii{ chr: *self as u8 }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
+        *self as u32 - ('\x7F' as u32 & *self as u32) == 0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait for copyless casting to an ascii vector.
+pub trait OwnedAsciiCast {
+    /// Take ownership and cast to an ascii vector without trailing zero element.
+    fn into_ascii(self) -> ~[Ascii];
+
+    /// Take ownership and cast to an ascii vector without trailing zero element.
+    /// Does not perform validation checks.
+    unsafe fn into_ascii_nocheck(self) -> ~[Ascii];
+}
+
+impl OwnedAsciiCast for ~[u8] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_ascii(self) -> ~[Ascii] {
+        assert!(self.is_ascii());
+        unsafe {self.into_ascii_nocheck()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn into_ascii_nocheck(self) -> ~[Ascii] {
+        cast::transmute(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl OwnedAsciiCast for ~str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_ascii(self) -> ~[Ascii] {
+        assert!(self.is_ascii());
+        unsafe {self.into_ascii_nocheck()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn into_ascii_nocheck(self) -> ~[Ascii] {
+        cast::transmute(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait for converting an ascii type to a string. Needed to convert `&[Ascii]` to `~str`
+pub trait AsciiStr {
+    /// Convert to a string.
+    fn to_str_ascii(&self) -> ~str;
+
+    /// Convert to vector representing a lower cased ascii string.
+    fn to_lower(&self) -> ~[Ascii];
+
+    /// Convert to vector representing a upper cased ascii string.
+    fn to_upper(&self) -> ~[Ascii];
+
+    /// Compares two Ascii strings ignoring case
+    fn eq_ignore_case(self, other: &[Ascii]) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<'self> AsciiStr for &'self [Ascii] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_str_ascii(&self) -> ~str {
+        let cpy = self.to_owned();
+        unsafe { cast::transmute(cpy) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_lower(&self) -> ~[Ascii] {
+        self.map(|a| a.to_lower())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_upper(&self) -> ~[Ascii] {
+        self.map(|a| a.to_upper())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq_ignore_case(self, other: &[Ascii]) -> bool {
+        do self.iter().zip(other.iter()).all |(&a, &b)| { a.eq_ignore_case(b) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToStrConsume for ~[Ascii] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_str(self) -> ~str {
+        unsafe { cast::transmute(self) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl IterBytes for Ascii {
+    #[inline]
+    fn iter_bytes(&self, _lsb0: bool, f: &fn(buf: &[u8]) -> bool) -> bool {
+        f([self.to_byte()])
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait to convert to a owned byte array by consuming self
+pub trait ToBytesConsume {
+    /// Converts to a owned byte array by consuming self
+    fn into_bytes(self) -> ~[u8];
+}
+
+impl ToBytesConsume for ~[Ascii] {
+    fn into_bytes(self) -> ~[u8] {
+        unsafe { cast::transmute(self) }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extension methods for ASCII-subset only operations on owned strings
+pub trait OwnedStrAsciiExt {
+    /// Convert the string to ASCII upper case:
+    /// ASCII letters 'a' to 'z' are mapped to 'A' to 'Z',
+    /// but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
+    fn into_ascii_upper(self) -> ~str;
+
+    /// Convert the string to ASCII lower case:
+    /// ASCII letters 'A' to 'Z' are mapped to 'a' to 'z',
+    /// but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
+    fn into_ascii_lower(self) -> ~str;
+}
+
+/// Extension methods for ASCII-subset only operations on string slices
+pub trait StrAsciiExt {
+    /// Makes a copy of the string in ASCII upper case:
+    /// ASCII letters 'a' to 'z' are mapped to 'A' to 'Z',
+    /// but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
+    fn to_ascii_upper(&self) -> ~str;
+
+    /// Makes a copy of the string in ASCII lower case:
+    /// ASCII letters 'A' to 'Z' are mapped to 'a' to 'z',
+    /// but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
+    fn to_ascii_lower(&self) -> ~str;
+
+    /// Check that two strings are an ASCII case-insensitive match.
+    /// Same as `to_ascii_lower(a) == to_ascii_lower(b)`,
+    /// but without allocating and copying temporary strings.
+    fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: &str) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<'self> StrAsciiExt for &'self str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_ascii_upper(&self) -> ~str {
+        unsafe { str_copy_map_bytes(*self, ASCII_UPPER_MAP) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_ascii_lower(&self) -> ~str {
+        unsafe { str_copy_map_bytes(*self, ASCII_LOWER_MAP) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
+        self.len() == other.len() && self.as_bytes().iter().zip(other.as_bytes().iter()).all(
+            |(byte_self, byte_other)| ASCII_LOWER_MAP[*byte_self] == ASCII_LOWER_MAP[*byte_other])
+    }
+}
+
+impl OwnedStrAsciiExt for ~str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_ascii_upper(self) -> ~str {
+        unsafe { str_map_bytes(self, ASCII_UPPER_MAP) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_ascii_lower(self) -> ~str {
+        unsafe { str_map_bytes(self, ASCII_LOWER_MAP) }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+unsafe fn str_map_bytes(string: ~str, map: &'static [u8]) -> ~str {
+    let mut bytes = string.into_bytes();
+
+    for b in bytes.mut_iter() {
+        *b = map[*b];
+    }
+
+    str::raw::from_utf8_owned(bytes)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+unsafe fn str_copy_map_bytes(string: &str, map: &'static [u8]) -> ~str {
+    let bytes = string.byte_iter().map(|b| map[b]).to_owned_vec();
+
+    str::raw::from_utf8_owned(bytes)
+}
+
+static ASCII_LOWER_MAP: &'static [u8] = &[
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
+    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
+    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
+    0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
+    0x40, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
+    0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
+    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
+    0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
+    0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
+    0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
+    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
+    0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
+    0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
+    0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
+    0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
+    0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
+    0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
+    0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
+    0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
+    0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
+    0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+    0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+    0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+    0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
+    0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
+    0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
+];
+
+static ASCII_UPPER_MAP: &'static [u8] = &[
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
+    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
+    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
+    0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
+    0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
+    0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
+    0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
+    0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
+    0x60, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
+    0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
+    0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
+    0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
+    0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
+    0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
+    0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
+    0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
+    0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
+    0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
+    0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
+    0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
+    0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+    0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+    0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+    0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
+    0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
+    0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
+];
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use str::from_char;
+    use char::from_u32;
+
+    macro_rules! v2ascii (
+        ( [$($e:expr),*]) => ( [$(Ascii{chr:$e}),*]);
+        (~[$($e:expr),*]) => (~[$(Ascii{chr:$e}),*]);
+    )
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ascii() {
+        assert_eq!(65u8.to_ascii().to_byte(), 65u8);
+        assert_eq!(65u8.to_ascii().to_char(), 'A');
+        assert_eq!('A'.to_ascii().to_char(), 'A');
+        assert_eq!('A'.to_ascii().to_byte(), 65u8);
+
+        assert_eq!('A'.to_ascii().to_lower().to_char(), 'a');
+        assert_eq!('Z'.to_ascii().to_lower().to_char(), 'z');
+        assert_eq!('a'.to_ascii().to_upper().to_char(), 'A');
+        assert_eq!('z'.to_ascii().to_upper().to_char(), 'Z');
+
+        assert_eq!('@'.to_ascii().to_lower().to_char(), '@');
+        assert_eq!('['.to_ascii().to_lower().to_char(), '[');
+        assert_eq!('`'.to_ascii().to_upper().to_char(), '`');
+        assert_eq!('{'.to_ascii().to_upper().to_char(), '{');
+
+        assert!("banana".iter().all(|c| c.is_ascii()));
+        assert!(!"ประเทศไทย中华Việt Nam".iter().all(|c| c.is_ascii()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ascii_vec() {
+        assert_eq!((&[40u8, 32u8, 59u8]).to_ascii(), v2ascii!([40, 32, 59]));
+        assert_eq!("( ;".to_ascii(),                 v2ascii!([40, 32, 59]));
+        // FIXME: #5475 borrowchk error, owned vectors do not live long enough
+        // if chained-from directly
+        let v = ~[40u8, 32u8, 59u8]; assert_eq!(v.to_ascii(), v2ascii!([40, 32, 59]));
+        let v = ~"( ;";              assert_eq!(v.to_ascii(), v2ascii!([40, 32, 59]));
+
+        assert_eq!("abCDef&?#".to_ascii().to_lower().to_str_ascii(), ~"abcdef&?#");
+        assert_eq!("abCDef&?#".to_ascii().to_upper().to_str_ascii(), ~"ABCDEF&?#");
+
+        assert_eq!("".to_ascii().to_lower().to_str_ascii(), ~"");
+        assert_eq!("YMCA".to_ascii().to_lower().to_str_ascii(), ~"ymca");
+        assert_eq!("abcDEFxyz:.;".to_ascii().to_upper().to_str_ascii(), ~"ABCDEFXYZ:.;");
+
+        assert!("aBcDeF&?#".to_ascii().eq_ignore_case("AbCdEf&?#".to_ascii()));
+
+        assert!("".is_ascii());
+        assert!("a".is_ascii());
+        assert!(!"\u2009".is_ascii());
+
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_owned_ascii_vec() {
+        assert_eq!((~"( ;").into_ascii(), v2ascii!(~[40, 32, 59]));
+        assert_eq!((~[40u8, 32u8, 59u8]).into_ascii(), v2ascii!(~[40, 32, 59]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ascii_to_str() { assert_eq!(v2ascii!([40, 32, 59]).to_str_ascii(), ~"( ;"); }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ascii_into_str() {
+        assert_eq!(v2ascii!(~[40, 32, 59]).into_str(), ~"( ;");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ascii_to_bytes() {
+        assert_eq!(v2ascii!(~[40, 32, 59]).into_bytes(), ~[40u8, 32u8, 59u8]);
+    }
+
+    #[test] #[should_fail]
+    fn test_ascii_vec_fail_u8_slice()  { (&[127u8, 128u8, 255u8]).to_ascii(); }
+
+    #[test] #[should_fail]
+    fn test_ascii_vec_fail_str_slice() { "zoä华".to_ascii(); }
+
+    #[test] #[should_fail]
+    fn test_ascii_fail_u8_slice() { 255u8.to_ascii(); }
+
+    #[test] #[should_fail]
+    fn test_ascii_fail_char_slice() { 'λ'.to_ascii(); }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_ascii_upper() {
+        assert_eq!("url()URL()uRl()ürl".to_ascii_upper(), ~"URL()URL()URL()üRL");
+        assert_eq!("hıKß".to_ascii_upper(), ~"HıKß");
+
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i <= 500 {
+            let upper = if 'a' as u32 <= i && i <= 'z' as u32 { i + 'A' as u32 - 'a' as u32 }
+                        else { i };
+            assert_eq!(from_char(from_u32(i).unwrap()).to_ascii_upper(),
+                       from_char(from_u32(upper).unwrap()))
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_ascii_lower() {
+        assert_eq!("url()URL()uRl()Ürl".to_ascii_lower(), ~"url()url()url()Ürl");
+        // Dotted capital I, Kelvin sign, Sharp S.
+        assert_eq!("HİKß".to_ascii_lower(), ~"hİKß");
+
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i <= 500 {
+            let lower = if 'A' as u32 <= i && i <= 'Z' as u32 { i + 'a' as u32 - 'A' as u32 }
+                        else { i };
+            assert_eq!(from_char(from_u32(i).unwrap()).to_ascii_lower(),
+                       from_char(from_u32(lower).unwrap()))
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_into_ascii_upper() {
+        assert_eq!((~"url()URL()uRl()ürl").into_ascii_upper(), ~"URL()URL()URL()üRL");
+        assert_eq!((~"hıKß").into_ascii_upper(), ~"HıKß");
+
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i <= 500 {
+            let upper = if 'a' as u32 <= i && i <= 'z' as u32 { i + 'A' as u32 - 'a' as u32 }
+                        else { i };
+            assert_eq!(from_char(from_u32(i).unwrap()).into_ascii_upper(),
+                       from_char(from_u32(upper).unwrap()))
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_into_ascii_lower() {
+        assert_eq!((~"url()URL()uRl()Ürl").into_ascii_lower(), ~"url()url()url()Ürl");
+        // Dotted capital I, Kelvin sign, Sharp S.
+        assert_eq!((~"HİKß").into_ascii_lower(), ~"hİKß");
+
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i <= 500 {
+            let lower = if 'A' as u32 <= i && i <= 'Z' as u32 { i + 'a' as u32 - 'A' as u32 }
+                        else { i };
+            assert_eq!(from_char(from_u32(i).unwrap()).into_ascii_lower(),
+                       from_char(from_u32(lower).unwrap()))
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eq_ignore_ascii_case() {
+        assert!("url()URL()uRl()Ürl".eq_ignore_ascii_case("url()url()url()Ürl"));
+        assert!(!"Ürl".eq_ignore_ascii_case("ürl"));
+        // Dotted capital I, Kelvin sign, Sharp S.
+        assert!("HİKß".eq_ignore_ascii_case("hİKß"));
+        assert!(!"İ".eq_ignore_ascii_case("i"));
+        assert!(!"K".eq_ignore_ascii_case("k"));
+        assert!(!"ß".eq_ignore_ascii_case("s"));
+
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i <= 500 {
+            let c = i;
+            let lower = if 'A' as u32 <= c && c <= 'Z' as u32 { c + 'a' as u32 - 'A' as u32 }
+                        else { c };
+            assert!(from_char(from_u32(i).unwrap()).
+                eq_ignore_ascii_case(from_char(from_u32(lower).unwrap())));
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_str() {
+        let s = Ascii{ chr: 't' as u8 }.to_str();
+        assert_eq!(s, ~"t");
+    }
+
+
+}