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+// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+/*!
+
+Cross-platform path support
+
+This module implements support for two flavors of paths. `PosixPath` represents
+a path on any unix-like system, whereas `WindowsPath` represents a path on
+Windows. This module also exposes a typedef `Path` which is equal to the
+appropriate platform-specific path variant.
+
+Both `PosixPath` and `WindowsPath` implement a trait `GenericPath`, which
+contains the set of methods that behave the same for both paths. They each also
+implement some methods that could not be expressed in `GenericPath`, yet behave
+identically for both path flavors, such as `.component_iter()`.
+
+The three main design goals of this module are 1) to avoid unnecessary
+allocation, 2) to behave the same regardless of which flavor of path is being
+used, and 3) to support paths that cannot be represented in UTF-8 (as Linux has
+no restriction on paths beyond disallowing NUL).
+
+## Usage
+
+Usage of this module is fairly straightforward. Unless writing platform-specific
+code, `Path` should be used to refer to the platform-native path.
+
+Creation of a path is typically done with either `Path::new(some_str)` or
+`Path::new(some_vec)`. This path can be modified with `.push()` and
+`.pop()` (and other setters). The resulting Path can either be passed to another
+API that expects a path, or can be turned into a &[u8] with `.as_vec()` or a
+Option<&str> with `.as_str()`. Similarly, attributes of the path can be queried
+with methods such as `.filename()`. There are also methods that return a new
+path instead of modifying the receiver, such as `.join()` or `.dir_path()`.
+
+Paths are always kept in normalized form. This means that creating the path
+`Path::new("a/b/../c")` will return the path `a/c`. Similarly any attempt
+to mutate the path will always leave it in normalized form.
+
+When rendering a path to some form of output, there is a method `.display()`
+which is compatible with the `format!()` parameter `{}`. This will render the
+path as a string, replacing all non-utf8 sequences with the Replacement
+Character (U+FFFD). As such it is not suitable for passing to any API that
+actually operates on the path; it is only intended for display.
+
+## Example
+
+```rust
+let mut path = Path::new("/tmp/path");
+debug2!("path: {}", path.display());
+path.set_filename("foo");
+path.push("bar");
+debug2!("new path: {}", path.display());
+let b = std::os::path_exists(&path);
+debug2!("path exists: {}", b);
+```
+
+*/
+
+use container::Container;
+use c_str::CString;
+use clone::Clone;
+use fmt;
+use iter::Iterator;
+use option::{Option, None, Some};
+use str;
+use str::{OwnedStr, Str, StrSlice};
+use to_str::ToStr;
+use vec;
+use vec::{CopyableVector, OwnedCopyableVector, OwnedVector, Vector};
+use vec::{ImmutableEqVector, ImmutableVector};
+
+/// Typedef for POSIX file paths.
+/// See `posix::Path` for more info.
+pub use PosixPath = self::posix::Path;
+
+/// Typedef for Windows file paths.
+/// See `windows::Path` for more info.
+pub use WindowsPath = self::windows::Path;
+
+/// Typedef for the platform-native path type
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use Path = self::posix::Path;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native path type
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use Path = self::windows::Path;
+
+/// Typedef for the platform-native component iterator
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use ComponentIter = self::posix::ComponentIter;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native reverse component iterator
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use RevComponentIter = self::posix::RevComponentIter;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native component iterator
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use ComponentIter = self::windows::ComponentIter;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native reverse component iterator
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use RevComponentIter = self::windows::RevComponentIter;
+
+/// Typedef for the platform-native str component iterator
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use StrComponentIter = self::posix::StrComponentIter;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native reverse str component iterator
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use RevStrComponentIter = self::posix::RevStrComponentIter;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native str component iterator
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use StrComponentIter = self::windows::StrComponentIter;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native reverse str component iterator
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use RevStrComponentIter = self::windows::RevStrComponentIter;
+
+/// Typedef for the platform-native separator char func
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use is_sep = self::posix::is_sep;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native separator char func
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use is_sep = self::windows::is_sep;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native separator byte func
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use is_sep_byte = self::posix::is_sep_byte;
+/// Typedef for the platform-native separator byte func
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use is_sep_byte = self::windows::is_sep_byte;
+
+pub mod posix;
+pub mod windows;
+
+// Condition that is raised when a NUL is found in a byte vector given to a Path function
+condition! {
+    // this should be a &[u8] but there's a lifetime issue
+    null_byte: ~[u8] -> ~[u8];
+}
+
+/// A trait that represents the generic operations available on paths
+pub trait GenericPath: Clone + GenericPathUnsafe {
+    /// Creates a new Path from a byte vector or string.
+    /// The resulting Path will always be normalized.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the path contains a NUL.
+    ///
+    /// See individual Path impls for additional restrictions.
+    #[inline]
+    fn new<T: BytesContainer>(path: T) -> Self {
+        if contains_nul(path.container_as_bytes()) {
+            let path = self::null_byte::cond.raise(path.container_into_owned_bytes());
+            assert!(!contains_nul(path));
+            unsafe { GenericPathUnsafe::new_unchecked(path) }
+        } else {
+            unsafe { GenericPathUnsafe::new_unchecked(path) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new Path from a byte vector or string, if possible.
+    /// The resulting Path will always be normalized.
+    #[inline]
+    fn new_opt<T: BytesContainer>(path: T) -> Option<Self> {
+        if contains_nul(path.container_as_bytes()) {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(unsafe { GenericPathUnsafe::new_unchecked(path) })
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the path as a string, if possible.
+    /// If the path is not representable in utf-8, this returns None.
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_str<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        str::from_utf8_slice_opt(self.as_vec())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the path as a byte vector
+    fn as_vec<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8];
+
+    /// Converts the Path into an owned byte vector
+    fn into_vec(self) -> ~[u8];
+
+    /// Returns an object that implements `fmt::Default` for printing paths
+    ///
+    /// This will print the equivalent of `to_display_str()` when used with a {} format parameter.
+    fn display<'a>(&'a self) -> Display<'a, Self> {
+        Display{ path: self, filename: false }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an object that implements `fmt::Default` for printing filenames
+    ///
+    /// This will print the equivalent of `to_filename_display_str()` when used with a {}
+    /// format parameter. If there is no filename, nothing will be printed.
+    fn filename_display<'a>(&'a self) -> Display<'a, Self> {
+        Display{ path: self, filename: true }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the directory component of `self`, as a byte vector (with no trailing separator).
+    /// If `self` has no directory component, returns ['.'].
+    fn dirname<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8];
+    /// Returns the directory component of `self`, as a string, if possible.
+    /// See `dirname` for details.
+    #[inline]
+    fn dirname_str<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        str::from_utf8_slice_opt(self.dirname())
+    }
+    /// Returns the file component of `self`, as a byte vector.
+    /// If `self` represents the root of the file hierarchy, returns None.
+    /// If `self` is "." or "..", returns None.
+    fn filename<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a [u8]>;
+    /// Returns the file component of `self`, as a string, if possible.
+    /// See `filename` for details.
+    #[inline]
+    fn filename_str<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        self.filename().and_then(str::from_utf8_slice_opt)
+    }
+    /// Returns the stem of the filename of `self`, as a byte vector.
+    /// The stem is the portion of the filename just before the last '.'.
+    /// If there is no '.', the entire filename is returned.
+    fn filestem<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a [u8]> {
+        match self.filename() {
+            None => None,
+            Some(name) => Some({
+                let dot = '.' as u8;
+                match name.rposition_elem(&dot) {
+                    None | Some(0) => name,
+                    Some(1) if name == bytes!("..") => name,
+                    Some(pos) => name.slice_to(pos)
+                }
+            })
+        }
+    }
+    /// Returns the stem of the filename of `self`, as a string, if possible.
+    /// See `filestem` for details.
+    #[inline]
+    fn filestem_str<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        self.filestem().and_then(str::from_utf8_slice_opt)
+    }
+    /// Returns the extension of the filename of `self`, as an optional byte vector.
+    /// The extension is the portion of the filename just after the last '.'.
+    /// If there is no extension, None is returned.
+    /// If the filename ends in '.', the empty vector is returned.
+    fn extension<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a [u8]> {
+        match self.filename() {
+            None => None,
+            Some(name) => {
+                let dot = '.' as u8;
+                match name.rposition_elem(&dot) {
+                    None | Some(0) => None,
+                    Some(1) if name == bytes!("..") => None,
+                    Some(pos) => Some(name.slice_from(pos+1))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Returns the extension of the filename of `self`, as a string, if possible.
+    /// See `extension` for details.
+    #[inline]
+    fn extension_str<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        self.extension().and_then(str::from_utf8_slice_opt)
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces the filename portion of the path with the given byte vector or string.
+    /// If the replacement name is [], this is equivalent to popping the path.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the filename contains a NUL.
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_filename<T: BytesContainer>(&mut self, filename: T) {
+        if contains_nul(filename.container_as_bytes()) {
+            let filename = self::null_byte::cond.raise(filename.container_into_owned_bytes());
+            assert!(!contains_nul(filename));
+            unsafe { self.set_filename_unchecked(filename) }
+        } else {
+            unsafe { self.set_filename_unchecked(filename) }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Replaces the extension with the given byte vector or string.
+    /// If there is no extension in `self`, this adds one.
+    /// If the argument is [] or "", this removes the extension.
+    /// If `self` has no filename, this is a no-op.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the extension contains a NUL.
+    fn set_extension<T: BytesContainer>(&mut self, extension: T) {
+        // borrowck causes problems here too
+        let val = {
+            match self.filename() {
+                None => None,
+                Some(name) => {
+                    let dot = '.' as u8;
+                    match name.rposition_elem(&dot) {
+                        None | Some(0) => {
+                            if extension.container_as_bytes().is_empty() {
+                                None
+                            } else {
+                                let mut v;
+                                if contains_nul(extension.container_as_bytes()) {
+                                    let ext = extension.container_into_owned_bytes();
+                                    let extension = self::null_byte::cond.raise(ext);
+                                    assert!(!contains_nul(extension));
+                                    v = vec::with_capacity(name.len() + extension.len() + 1);
+                                    v.push_all(name);
+                                    v.push(dot);
+                                    v.push_all(extension);
+                                } else {
+                                    let extension = extension.container_as_bytes();
+                                    v = vec::with_capacity(name.len() + extension.len() + 1);
+                                    v.push_all(name);
+                                    v.push(dot);
+                                    v.push_all(extension);
+                                }
+                                Some(v)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Some(idx) => {
+                            if extension.container_as_bytes().is_empty() {
+                                Some(name.slice_to(idx).to_owned())
+                            } else {
+                                let mut v;
+                                if contains_nul(extension.container_as_bytes()) {
+                                    let ext = extension.container_into_owned_bytes();
+                                    let extension = self::null_byte::cond.raise(ext);
+                                    assert!(!contains_nul(extension));
+                                    v = vec::with_capacity(idx + extension.len() + 1);
+                                    v.push_all(name.slice_to(idx+1));
+                                    v.push_all(extension);
+                                } else {
+                                    let extension = extension.container_as_bytes();
+                                    v = vec::with_capacity(idx + extension.len() + 1);
+                                    v.push_all(name.slice_to(idx+1));
+                                    v.push_all(extension);
+                                }
+                                Some(v)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        match val {
+            None => (),
+            Some(v) => unsafe { self.set_filename_unchecked(v) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a new Path constructed by replacing the filename with the given
+    /// byte vector or string.
+    /// See `set_filename` for details.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the filename contains a NUL.
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_filename<T: BytesContainer>(&self, filename: T) -> Self {
+        let mut p = self.clone();
+        p.set_filename(filename);
+        p
+    }
+    /// Returns a new Path constructed by setting the extension to the given
+    /// byte vector or string.
+    /// See `set_extension` for details.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the extension contains a NUL.
+    #[inline]
+    fn with_extension<T: BytesContainer>(&self, extension: T) -> Self {
+        let mut p = self.clone();
+        p.set_extension(extension);
+        p
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the directory component of `self`, as a Path.
+    /// If `self` represents the root of the filesystem hierarchy, returns `self`.
+    fn dir_path(&self) -> Self {
+        // self.dirname() returns a NUL-free vector
+        unsafe { GenericPathUnsafe::new_unchecked(self.dirname()) }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a Path that represents the filesystem root that `self` is rooted in.
+    ///
+    /// If `self` is not absolute, or vol-relative in the case of Windows, this returns None.
+    fn root_path(&self) -> Option<Self>;
+
+    /// Pushes a path (as a byte vector or string) onto `self`.
+    /// If the argument represents an absolute path, it replaces `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the path contains a NUL.
+    #[inline]
+    fn push<T: BytesContainer>(&mut self, path: T) {
+        if contains_nul(path.container_as_bytes()) {
+            let path = self::null_byte::cond.raise(path.container_into_owned_bytes());
+            assert!(!contains_nul(path));
+            unsafe { self.push_unchecked(path) }
+        } else {
+            unsafe { self.push_unchecked(path) }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Pushes multiple paths (as byte vectors or strings) onto `self`.
+    /// See `push` for details.
+    #[inline]
+    fn push_many<T: BytesContainer>(&mut self, paths: &[T]) {
+        let t: Option<T> = None;
+        if BytesContainer::is_str(t) {
+            for p in paths.iter() {
+                self.push(p.container_as_str())
+            }
+        } else {
+            for p in paths.iter() {
+                self.push(p.container_as_bytes())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Removes the last path component from the receiver.
+    /// Returns `true` if the receiver was modified, or `false` if it already
+    /// represented the root of the file hierarchy.
+    fn pop(&mut self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns a new Path constructed by joining `self` with the given path
+    /// (as a byte vector or string).
+    /// If the given path is absolute, the new Path will represent just that.
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises the `null_byte` condition if the path contains a NUL.
+    #[inline]
+    fn join<T: BytesContainer>(&self, path: T) -> Self {
+        let mut p = self.clone();
+        p.push(path);
+        p
+    }
+    /// Returns a new Path constructed by joining `self` with the given paths
+    /// (as byte vectors or strings).
+    /// See `join` for details.
+    #[inline]
+    fn join_many<T: BytesContainer>(&self, paths: &[T]) -> Self {
+        let mut p = self.clone();
+        p.push_many(paths);
+        p
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether `self` represents an absolute path.
+    /// An absolute path is defined as one that, when joined to another path, will
+    /// yield back the same absolute path.
+    fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns whether `self` represents a relative path.
+    /// Typically this is the inverse of `is_absolute`.
+    /// But for Windows paths, it also means the path is not volume-relative or
+    /// relative to the current working directory.
+    fn is_relative(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.is_absolute()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether `self` is equal to, or is an ancestor of, the given path.
+    /// If both paths are relative, they are compared as though they are relative
+    /// to the same parent path.
+    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Returns the Path that, were it joined to `base`, would yield `self`.
+    /// If no such path exists, None is returned.
+    /// If `self` is absolute and `base` is relative, or on Windows if both
+    /// paths refer to separate drives, an absolute path is returned.
+    fn path_relative_from(&self, base: &Self) -> Option<Self>;
+
+    /// Returns whether the relative path `child` is a suffix of `self`.
+    fn ends_with_path(&self, child: &Self) -> bool;
+}
+
+/// A trait that represents something bytes-like (e.g. a &[u8] or a &str)
+pub trait BytesContainer {
+    /// Returns a &[u8] representing the receiver
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8];
+    /// Consumes the receiver and converts it into ~[u8]
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_into_owned_bytes(self) -> ~[u8] {
+        self.container_as_bytes().to_owned()
+    }
+    /// Returns the receiver interpreted as a utf-8 string
+    ///
+    /// # Failure
+    ///
+    /// Raises `str::null_byte` if not utf-8
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a str {
+        str::from_utf8_slice(self.container_as_bytes())
+    }
+    /// Returns the receiver interpreted as a utf-8 string, if possible
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str_opt<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        str::from_utf8_slice_opt(self.container_as_bytes())
+    }
+    /// Returns whether .container_as_str() is guaranteed to not fail
+    // FIXME (#8888): Remove unused arg once ::<for T> works
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_str(_: Option<Self>) -> bool { false }
+}
+
+/// A trait that represents the unsafe operations on GenericPaths
+pub trait GenericPathUnsafe {
+    /// Creates a new Path without checking for null bytes.
+    /// The resulting Path will always be normalized.
+    unsafe fn new_unchecked<T: BytesContainer>(path: T) -> Self;
+
+    /// Replaces the filename portion of the path without checking for null
+    /// bytes.
+    /// See `set_filename` for details.
+    unsafe fn set_filename_unchecked<T: BytesContainer>(&mut self, filename: T);
+
+    /// Pushes a path onto `self` without checking for null bytes.
+    /// See `push` for details.
+    unsafe fn push_unchecked<T: BytesContainer>(&mut self, path: T);
+}
+
+/// Helper struct for printing paths with format!()
+pub struct Display<'self, P> {
+    priv path: &'self P,
+    priv filename: bool
+}
+
+impl<'self, P: GenericPath> fmt::Default for Display<'self, P> {
+    fn fmt(d: &Display<P>, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) {
+        do d.with_str |s| {
+            f.pad(s)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'self, P: GenericPath> ToStr for Display<'self, P> {
+    /// Returns the path as a string
+    ///
+    /// If the path is not UTF-8, invalid sequences with be replaced with the
+    /// unicode replacement char. This involves allocation.
+    fn to_str(&self) -> ~str {
+        if self.filename {
+            match self.path.filename() {
+                None => ~"",
+                Some(v) => from_utf8_with_replacement(v)
+            }
+        } else {
+            from_utf8_with_replacement(self.path.as_vec())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'self, P: GenericPath> Display<'self, P> {
+    /// Provides the path as a string to a closure
+    ///
+    /// If the path is not UTF-8, invalid sequences will be replaced with the
+    /// unicode replacement char. This involves allocation.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_str<T>(&self, f: &fn(&str) -> T) -> T {
+        let opt = if self.filename { self.path.filename_str() }
+                  else { self.path.as_str() };
+        match opt {
+            Some(s) => f(s),
+            None => {
+                let s = self.to_str();
+                f(s.as_slice())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'self> BytesContainer for &'self str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        self.as_bytes()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a str {
+        *self
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str_opt<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        Some(*self)
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_str(_: Option<&'self str>) -> bool { true }
+}
+
+impl BytesContainer for ~str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        self.as_bytes()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_into_owned_bytes(self) -> ~[u8] {
+        self.into_bytes()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a str {
+        self.as_slice()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str_opt<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        Some(self.as_slice())
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_str(_: Option<~str>) -> bool { true }
+}
+
+impl BytesContainer for @str {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        self.as_bytes()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a str {
+        self.as_slice()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_str_opt<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        Some(self.as_slice())
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_str(_: Option<@str>) -> bool { true }
+}
+
+impl<'self> BytesContainer for &'self [u8] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl BytesContainer for ~[u8] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        self.as_slice()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_into_owned_bytes(self) -> ~[u8] {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl BytesContainer for @[u8] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        self.as_slice()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BytesContainer for CString {
+    #[inline]
+    fn container_as_bytes<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a [u8] {
+        let s = self.as_bytes();
+        s.slice_to(s.len()-1)
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+fn contains_nul(v: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    v.iter().any(|&x| x == 0)
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+fn from_utf8_with_replacement(mut v: &[u8]) -> ~str {
+    // FIXME (#9516): Don't decode utf-8 manually here once we have a good way to do it in str
+    // This is a truly horrifically bad implementation, done as a functionality stopgap until
+    // we have a proper utf-8 decoder. I don't really want to write one here.
+    static REPLACEMENT_CHAR: char = '\uFFFD';
+
+    let mut s = str::with_capacity(v.len());
+    while !v.is_empty() {
+        let w = str::utf8_char_width(v[0]);
+        if w == 0u {
+            s.push_char(REPLACEMENT_CHAR);
+            v = v.slice_from(1);
+        } else if v.len() < w || !str::is_utf8(v.slice_to(w)) {
+            s.push_char(REPLACEMENT_CHAR);
+            v = v.slice_from(1);
+        } else {
+            s.push_str(unsafe { ::cast::transmute(v.slice_to(w)) });
+            v = v.slice_from(w);
+        }
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+// FIXME (#9537): libc::stat should derive Default
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+mod stat {
+    #[allow(missing_doc)];
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "x86")]
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                __pad1: 0,
+                st_ino: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                __pad2: 0,
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_blksize: 0,
+                st_blocks: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_atime_nsec: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_mtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+                st_ctime_nsec: 0,
+                __unused4: 0,
+                __unused5: 0,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "arm")]
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                __pad0: [0, ..4],
+                __st_ino: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                __pad3: [0, ..4],
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_blksize: 0,
+                st_blocks: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_atime_nsec: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_mtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+                st_ctime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ino: 0
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "mips")]
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                st_pad1: [0, ..3],
+                st_ino: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                st_pad2: [0, ..2],
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_pad3: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_atime_nsec: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_mtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+                st_ctime_nsec: 0,
+                st_blksize: 0,
+                st_blocks: 0,
+                st_pad5: [0, ..14],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                st_ino: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                __pad0: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_blksize: 0,
+                st_blocks: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_atime_nsec: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_mtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+                st_ctime_nsec: 0,
+                __unused: [0, 0, 0],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+mod stat {
+    #[allow(missing_doc)];
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                st_ino: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_atime_nsec: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_mtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+                st_ctime_nsec: 0,
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_blocks: 0,
+                st_blksize: 0,
+                st_flags: 0,
+                st_gen: 0,
+                st_lspare: 0,
+                st_birthtime: 0,
+                st_birthtime_nsec: 0,
+                __unused: [0, 0],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+mod stat {
+    #[allow(missing_doc)];
+
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_ino: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_atime_nsec: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_mtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+                st_ctime_nsec: 0,
+                st_birthtime: 0,
+                st_birthtime_nsec: 0,
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_blocks: 0,
+                st_blksize: 0,
+                st_flags: 0,
+                st_gen: 0,
+                st_lspare: 0,
+                st_qspare: [0, 0],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "win32")]
+mod stat {
+    #[allow(missing_doc)];
+
+    pub mod arch {
+        use libc;
+        pub fn default_stat() -> libc::stat {
+            libc::stat {
+                st_dev: 0,
+                st_ino: 0,
+                st_mode: 0,
+                st_nlink: 0,
+                st_uid: 0,
+                st_gid: 0,
+                st_rdev: 0,
+                st_size: 0,
+                st_atime: 0,
+                st_mtime: 0,
+                st_ctime: 0,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{GenericPath, PosixPath, WindowsPath};
+    use c_str::ToCStr;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cstring() {
+        let input = "/foo/bar/baz";
+        let path: PosixPath = PosixPath::new(input.to_c_str());
+        assert_eq!(path.as_vec(), input.as_bytes());
+
+        let input = "\\foo\\bar\\baz";
+        let path: WindowsPath = WindowsPath::new(input.to_c_str());
+        assert_eq!(path.as_str().unwrap(), input.as_slice());
+    }
+}