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-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/asm.rs3
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/base.rs61
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs418
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/concat_idents.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/bounds.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/clone.rs10
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/eq.rs12
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/ord.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totaleq.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totalord.rs9
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/decodable.rs14
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/default.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/encodable.rs10
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs141
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/ty.rs5
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/hash.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/mod.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/primitive.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/rand.rs15
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/show.rs9
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/zero.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs78
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/format.rs49
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/quote.rs52
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/source_util.rs3
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs9
27 files changed, 532 insertions, 452 deletions
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/asm.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/asm.rs
index 06916d5ac09..665d9da664d 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/asm.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/asm.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use parse;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 use parse::token;
 
-
 enum State {
     Asm,
     Outputs,
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ pub fn expand_asm(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
                                                  out));
     }
 
-    MacExpr::new(@ast::Expr {
+    MacExpr::new(box(GC) ast::Expr {
         id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
         node: ast::ExprInlineAsm(ast::InlineAsm {
             asm: token::intern_and_get_ident(asm.get()),
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/base.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/base.rs
index b656b0c06a0..f9a9e276eb0 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/base.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/base.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use parse::token::{InternedString, intern, str_to_ident};
 use util::small_vector::SmallVector;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 // new-style macro! tt code:
 //
@@ -35,10 +36,10 @@ pub struct MacroDef {
 }
 
 pub type ItemDecorator =
-    fn(&mut ExtCtxt, Span, @ast::MetaItem, @ast::Item, |@ast::Item|);
+    fn(&mut ExtCtxt, Span, Gc<ast::MetaItem>, Gc<ast::Item>, |Gc<ast::Item>|);
 
 pub type ItemModifier =
-    fn(&mut ExtCtxt, Span, @ast::MetaItem, @ast::Item) -> @ast::Item;
+    fn(&mut ExtCtxt, Span, Gc<ast::MetaItem>, Gc<ast::Item>) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
 pub struct BasicMacroExpander {
     pub expander: MacroExpanderFn,
@@ -104,11 +105,11 @@ pub trait MacResult {
         None
     }
     /// Create an expression.
-    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<@ast::Expr> {
+    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Expr>> {
         None
     }
     /// Create zero or more items.
-    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<@ast::Item>> {
+    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>>> {
         None
     }
     /// Create a pattern.
@@ -120,23 +121,23 @@ pub trait MacResult {
     ///
     /// By default this attempts to create an expression statement,
     /// returning None if that fails.
-    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<@ast::Stmt> {
+    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
         self.make_expr()
-            .map(|e| @codemap::respan(e.span, ast::StmtExpr(e, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
+            .map(|e| box(GC) codemap::respan(e.span, ast::StmtExpr(e, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
     }
 }
 
 /// A convenience type for macros that return a single expression.
 pub struct MacExpr {
-    e: @ast::Expr
+    e: Gc<ast::Expr>,
 }
 impl MacExpr {
-    pub fn new(e: @ast::Expr) -> Box<MacResult> {
+    pub fn new(e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Box<MacResult> {
         box MacExpr { e: e } as Box<MacResult>
     }
 }
 impl MacResult for MacExpr {
-    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<@ast::Expr> {
+    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Expr>> {
         Some(self.e)
     }
 }
@@ -156,22 +157,22 @@ impl MacResult for MacPat {
 }
 /// A convenience type for macros that return a single item.
 pub struct MacItem {
-    i: @ast::Item
+    i: Gc<ast::Item>
 }
 impl MacItem {
-    pub fn new(i: @ast::Item) -> Box<MacResult> {
+    pub fn new(i: Gc<ast::Item>) -> Box<MacResult> {
         box MacItem { i: i } as Box<MacResult>
     }
 }
 impl MacResult for MacItem {
-    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<@ast::Item>> {
+    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>>> {
         Some(SmallVector::one(self.i))
     }
-    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<@ast::Stmt> {
-        Some(@codemap::respan(
+    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
+        Some(box(GC) codemap::respan(
             self.i.span,
             ast::StmtDecl(
-                @codemap::respan(self.i.span, ast::DeclItem(self.i)),
+                box(GC) codemap::respan(self.i.span, ast::DeclItem(self.i)),
                 ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
     }
 }
@@ -202,10 +203,10 @@ impl DummyResult {
     }
 
     /// A plain dummy expression.
-    pub fn raw_expr(sp: Span) -> @ast::Expr {
-        @ast::Expr {
+    pub fn raw_expr(sp: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
+        box(GC) ast::Expr {
             id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-            node: ast::ExprLit(@codemap::respan(sp, ast::LitNil)),
+            node: ast::ExprLit(box(GC) codemap::respan(sp, ast::LitNil)),
             span: sp,
         }
     }
@@ -221,21 +222,21 @@ impl DummyResult {
 }
 
 impl MacResult for DummyResult {
-    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<@ast::Expr> {
+    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Expr>> {
         Some(DummyResult::raw_expr(self.span))
     }
-    fn make_pat(&self) -> Option<@ast::Pat> {
+    fn make_pat(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Pat>> {
         Some(DummyResult::raw_pat(self.span))
     }
-    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<@ast::Item>> {
+    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>>> {
         if self.expr_only {
             None
         } else {
             Some(SmallVector::zero())
         }
     }
-    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<@ast::Stmt> {
-        Some(@codemap::respan(self.span,
+    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
+        Some(box(GC) codemap::respan(self.span,
                               ast::StmtExpr(DummyResult::raw_expr(self.span),
                                             ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
     }
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ pub fn syntax_expander_table() -> SyntaxEnv {
 pub struct ExtCtxt<'a> {
     pub parse_sess: &'a parse::ParseSess,
     pub cfg: ast::CrateConfig,
-    pub backtrace: Option<@ExpnInfo>,
+    pub backtrace: Option<Gc<ExpnInfo>>,
     pub ecfg: expand::ExpansionConfig,
 
     pub mod_path: Vec<ast::Ident> ,
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn expand_expr(&mut self, mut e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    pub fn expand_expr(&mut self, mut e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         loop {
             match e.node {
                 ast::ExprMac(..) => {
@@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
         }
     }
     pub fn print_backtrace(&self) { }
-    pub fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<@ExpnInfo> { self.backtrace }
+    pub fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<Gc<ExpnInfo>> { self.backtrace }
     pub fn mod_push(&mut self, i: ast::Ident) { self.mod_path.push(i); }
     pub fn mod_pop(&mut self) { self.mod_path.pop().unwrap(); }
     pub fn mod_path(&self) -> Vec<ast::Ident> {
@@ -455,9 +456,9 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
         match ei {
             ExpnInfo {call_site: cs, callee: ref callee} => {
                 self.backtrace =
-                    Some(@ExpnInfo {
+                    Some(box(GC) ExpnInfo {
                         call_site: Span {lo: cs.lo, hi: cs.hi,
-                                         expn_info: self.backtrace},
+                                         expn_info: self.backtrace.clone()},
                         callee: (*callee).clone()
                     });
             }
@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
 /// Extract a string literal from the macro expanded version of `expr`,
 /// emitting `err_msg` if `expr` is not a string literal. This does not stop
 /// compilation on error, merely emits a non-fatal error and returns None.
-pub fn expr_to_str(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, expr: @ast::Expr, err_msg: &str)
+pub fn expr_to_str(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, err_msg: &str)
                    -> Option<(InternedString, ast::StrStyle)> {
     // we want to be able to handle e.g. concat("foo", "bar")
     let expr = cx.expand_expr(expr);
@@ -584,7 +585,7 @@ pub fn get_single_str_from_tts(cx: &ExtCtxt,
 /// parsing error, emit a non-fatal error and return None.
 pub fn get_exprs_from_tts(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                           sp: Span,
-                          tts: &[ast::TokenTree]) -> Option<Vec<@ast::Expr> > {
+                          tts: &[ast::TokenTree]) -> Option<Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>> {
     let mut p = parse::new_parser_from_tts(cx.parse_sess(),
                                            cx.cfg(),
                                            tts.iter()
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs
index 14769e3e510..148b653b61c 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/build.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ use parse::token::special_idents;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 use parse::token;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 // Transitional reexports so qquote can find the paths it is looking for
 mod syntax {
     pub use ext;
@@ -73,115 +75,129 @@ pub trait AstBuilder {
     fn lifetime(&self, span: Span, ident: ast::Name) -> ast::Lifetime;
 
     // statements
-    fn stmt_expr(&self, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Stmt;
-    fn stmt_let(&self, sp: Span, mutbl: bool, ident: ast::Ident, ex: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Stmt;
+    fn stmt_expr(&self, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Stmt>;
+    fn stmt_let(&self, sp: Span, mutbl: bool, ident: ast::Ident,
+                ex: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Stmt>;
     fn stmt_let_typed(&self,
                       sp: Span,
                       mutbl: bool,
                       ident: ast::Ident,
                       typ: P<ast::Ty>,
-                      ex: @ast::Expr)
-                      -> @ast::Stmt;
+                      ex: Gc<ast::Expr>)
+                      -> Gc<ast::Stmt>;
 
     // blocks
-    fn block(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> , expr: Option<@ast::Expr>) -> P<ast::Block>;
-    fn block_expr(&self, expr: @ast::Expr) -> P<ast::Block>;
+    fn block(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>,
+             expr: Option<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> P<ast::Block>;
+    fn block_expr(&self, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> P<ast::Block>;
     fn block_all(&self, span: Span,
                  view_items: Vec<ast::ViewItem> ,
-                 stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> ,
-                 expr: Option<@ast::Expr>) -> P<ast::Block>;
+                 stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>> ,
+                 expr: Option<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> P<ast::Block>;
 
     // expressions
-    fn expr(&self, span: Span, node: ast::Expr_) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_path(&self, path: ast::Path) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr;
+    fn expr(&self, span: Span, node: ast::Expr_) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_path(&self, path: ast::Path) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
 
-    fn expr_self(&self, span: Span) -> @ast::Expr;
+    fn expr_self(&self, span: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
     fn expr_binary(&self, sp: Span, op: ast::BinOp,
-                   lhs: @ast::Expr, rhs: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_deref(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_unary(&self, sp: Span, op: ast::UnOp, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_managed(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_mut_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_field_access(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_call(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_call_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident, args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr;
+                   lhs: Gc<ast::Expr>, rhs: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_deref(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_unary(&self, sp: Span, op: ast::UnOp, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_managed(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_mut_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_field_access(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                         ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_call(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                 args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_call_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident,
+                       args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
     fn expr_call_global(&self, sp: Span, fn_path: Vec<ast::Ident> ,
-                        args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr;
+                        args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
     fn expr_method_call(&self, span: Span,
-                        expr: @ast::Expr, ident: ast::Ident,
-                        args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_block(&self, b: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_cast(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn field_imm(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, e: @ast::Expr) -> ast::Field;
-    fn expr_struct(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path, fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_struct_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident, fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_lit(&self, sp: Span, lit: ast::Lit_) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_uint(&self, span: Span, i: uint) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_int(&self, sp: Span, i: int) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_u8(&self, sp: Span, u: u8) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_bool(&self, sp: Span, value: bool) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_vstore(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, vst: ast::ExprVstore) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_vec(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_vec_ng(&self, sp: Span) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_vec_slice(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_str(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_str_uniq(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_some(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_none(&self, sp: Span) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_fail(&self, span: Span, msg: InternedString) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_unreachable(&self, span: Span) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn expr_ok(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_err(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn expr_try(&self, span: Span, head: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-
-    fn pat(&self, span: Span, pat: ast::Pat_) -> @ast::Pat;
-    fn pat_wild(&self, span: Span) -> @ast::Pat;
-    fn pat_lit(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Pat;
-    fn pat_ident(&self, span: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Pat;
+                        expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, ident: ast::Ident,
+                        args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_block(&self, b: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_cast(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                 ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn field_imm(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> ast::Field;
+    fn expr_struct(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path,
+                   fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_struct_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident,
+                         fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_lit(&self, sp: Span, lit: ast::Lit_) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_uint(&self, span: Span, i: uint) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_int(&self, sp: Span, i: int) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_u8(&self, sp: Span, u: u8) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_bool(&self, sp: Span, value: bool) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_vstore(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, vst: ast::ExprVstore) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_vec(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_vec_ng(&self, sp: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_vec_slice(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_str(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_str_uniq(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_some(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_none(&self, sp: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_fail(&self, span: Span, msg: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_unreachable(&self, span: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn expr_ok(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_err(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn expr_try(&self, span: Span, head: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+
+    fn pat(&self, span: Span, pat: ast::Pat_) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
+    fn pat_wild(&self, span: Span) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
+    fn pat_lit(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
+    fn pat_ident(&self, span: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
 
     fn pat_ident_binding_mode(&self,
                               span: Span,
                               ident: ast::Ident,
-                              bm: ast::BindingMode) -> @ast::Pat;
-    fn pat_enum(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path, subpats: Vec<@ast::Pat> ) -> @ast::Pat;
+                              bm: ast::BindingMode) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
+    fn pat_enum(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path,
+                subpats: Vec<Gc<ast::Pat>>) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
     fn pat_struct(&self, span: Span,
-                  path: ast::Path, field_pats: Vec<ast::FieldPat> ) -> @ast::Pat;
+                  path: ast::Path, field_pats: Vec<ast::FieldPat> ) -> Gc<ast::Pat>;
 
-    fn arm(&self, span: Span, pats: Vec<@ast::Pat> , expr: @ast::Expr) -> ast::Arm;
+    fn arm(&self, span: Span, pats: Vec<Gc<ast::Pat>> , expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> ast::Arm;
     fn arm_unreachable(&self, span: Span) -> ast::Arm;
 
-    fn expr_match(&self, span: Span, arg: @ast::Expr, arms: Vec<ast::Arm> ) -> @ast::Expr;
+    fn expr_match(&self, span: Span, arg: Gc<ast::Expr>, arms: Vec<ast::Arm> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
     fn expr_if(&self, span: Span,
-               cond: @ast::Expr, then: @ast::Expr, els: Option<@ast::Expr>) -> @ast::Expr;
+               cond: Gc<ast::Expr>, then: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+               els: Option<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
 
     fn lambda_fn_decl(&self, span: Span,
-                      fn_decl: P<ast::FnDecl>, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr;
+                      fn_decl: P<ast::FnDecl>, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
 
-    fn lambda(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn lambda0(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn lambda1(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr;
+    fn lambda(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn lambda0(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn lambda1(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
 
-    fn lambda_expr(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn lambda_expr_0(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn lambda_expr_1(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr;
+    fn lambda_expr(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn lambda_expr_0(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn lambda_expr_1(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
 
-    fn lambda_stmts(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: Vec<@ast::Stmt> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn lambda_stmts_0(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> ) -> @ast::Expr;
-    fn lambda_stmts_1(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> , ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr;
+    fn lambda_stmts(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident>,
+                    blk: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn lambda_stmts_0(&self, span: Span,
+                      stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+    fn lambda_stmts_1(&self, span: Span,
+                      stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
 
     // items
     fn item(&self, span: Span,
-            name: Ident, attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute> , node: ast::Item_) -> @ast::Item;
+            name: Ident, attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute>,
+            node: ast::Item_) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
     fn arg(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> ast::Arg;
     // FIXME unused self
@@ -193,56 +209,59 @@ pub trait AstBuilder {
                     inputs: Vec<ast::Arg> ,
                     output: P<ast::Ty>,
                     generics: Generics,
-                    body: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Item;
+                    body: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
     fn item_fn(&self,
                span: Span,
                name: Ident,
                inputs: Vec<ast::Arg> ,
                output: P<ast::Ty>,
-               body: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Item;
+               body: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
     fn variant(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, tys: Vec<P<ast::Ty>> ) -> ast::Variant;
     fn item_enum_poly(&self,
                       span: Span,
                       name: Ident,
                       enum_definition: ast::EnumDef,
-                      generics: Generics) -> @ast::Item;
-    fn item_enum(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, enum_def: ast::EnumDef) -> @ast::Item;
+                      generics: Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
+    fn item_enum(&self, span: Span, name: Ident,
+                 enum_def: ast::EnumDef) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
     fn item_struct_poly(&self,
                         span: Span,
                         name: Ident,
                         struct_def: ast::StructDef,
-                        generics: Generics) -> @ast::Item;
-    fn item_struct(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, struct_def: ast::StructDef) -> @ast::Item;
+                        generics: Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
+    fn item_struct(&self, span: Span, name: Ident,
+                   struct_def: ast::StructDef) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
     fn item_mod(&self, span: Span, inner_span: Span,
-                name: Ident, attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute> ,
-                vi: Vec<ast::ViewItem> , items: Vec<@ast::Item> ) -> @ast::Item;
+                name: Ident, attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute>,
+                vi: Vec<ast::ViewItem>,
+                items: Vec<Gc<ast::Item>>) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
     fn item_ty_poly(&self,
                     span: Span,
                     name: Ident,
                     ty: P<ast::Ty>,
-                    generics: Generics) -> @ast::Item;
-    fn item_ty(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> @ast::Item;
+                    generics: Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
+    fn item_ty(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
 
-    fn attribute(&self, sp: Span, mi: @ast::MetaItem) -> ast::Attribute;
+    fn attribute(&self, sp: Span, mi: Gc<ast::MetaItem>) -> ast::Attribute;
 
-    fn meta_word(&self, sp: Span, w: InternedString) -> @ast::MetaItem;
+    fn meta_word(&self, sp: Span, w: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::MetaItem>;
     fn meta_list(&self,
                  sp: Span,
                  name: InternedString,
-                 mis: Vec<@ast::MetaItem> )
-                 -> @ast::MetaItem;
+                 mis: Vec<Gc<ast::MetaItem>>)
+                 -> Gc<ast::MetaItem>;
     fn meta_name_value(&self,
                        sp: Span,
                        name: InternedString,
                        value: ast::Lit_)
-                       -> @ast::MetaItem;
+                       -> Gc<ast::MetaItem>;
 
     fn view_use(&self, sp: Span,
-                vis: ast::Visibility, vp: @ast::ViewPath) -> ast::ViewItem;
+                vis: ast::Visibility, vp: Gc<ast::ViewPath>) -> ast::ViewItem;
     fn view_use_simple(&self, sp: Span, vis: ast::Visibility, path: ast::Path) -> ast::ViewItem;
     fn view_use_simple_(&self, sp: Span, vis: ast::Visibility,
                         ident: ast::Ident, path: ast::Path) -> ast::ViewItem;
@@ -418,17 +437,18 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         ast::Lifetime { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, span: span, name: name }
     }
 
-    fn stmt_expr(&self, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Stmt {
-        @respan(expr.span, ast::StmtSemi(expr, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
+    fn stmt_expr(&self, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Stmt> {
+        box(GC) respan(expr.span, ast::StmtSemi(expr, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
     }
 
-    fn stmt_let(&self, sp: Span, mutbl: bool, ident: ast::Ident, ex: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Stmt {
+    fn stmt_let(&self, sp: Span, mutbl: bool, ident: ast::Ident,
+                ex: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Stmt> {
         let pat = if mutbl {
             self.pat_ident_binding_mode(sp, ident, ast::BindByValue(ast::MutMutable))
         } else {
             self.pat_ident(sp, ident)
         };
-        let local = @ast::Local {
+        let local = box(GC) ast::Local {
             ty: self.ty_infer(sp),
             pat: pat,
             init: Some(ex),
@@ -437,7 +457,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
             source: ast::LocalLet,
         };
         let decl = respan(sp, ast::DeclLocal(local));
-        @respan(sp, ast::StmtDecl(@decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
+        box(GC) respan(sp, ast::StmtDecl(box(GC) decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
     }
 
     fn stmt_let_typed(&self,
@@ -445,14 +465,14 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
                       mutbl: bool,
                       ident: ast::Ident,
                       typ: P<ast::Ty>,
-                      ex: @ast::Expr)
-                      -> @ast::Stmt {
+                      ex: Gc<ast::Expr>)
+                      -> Gc<ast::Stmt> {
         let pat = if mutbl {
             self.pat_ident_binding_mode(sp, ident, ast::BindByValue(ast::MutMutable))
         } else {
             self.pat_ident(sp, ident)
         };
-        let local = @ast::Local {
+        let local = box(GC) ast::Local {
             ty: typ,
             pat: pat,
             init: Some(ex),
@@ -461,21 +481,22 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
             source: ast::LocalLet,
         };
         let decl = respan(sp, ast::DeclLocal(local));
-        @respan(sp, ast::StmtDecl(@decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
+        box(GC) respan(sp, ast::StmtDecl(box(GC) decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
     }
 
-    fn block(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> , expr: Option<@Expr>) -> P<ast::Block> {
+    fn block(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>,
+             expr: Option<Gc<Expr>>) -> P<ast::Block> {
         self.block_all(span, Vec::new(), stmts, expr)
     }
 
-    fn block_expr(&self, expr: @ast::Expr) -> P<ast::Block> {
+    fn block_expr(&self, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> P<ast::Block> {
         self.block_all(expr.span, Vec::new(), Vec::new(), Some(expr))
     }
     fn block_all(&self,
                  span: Span,
                  view_items: Vec<ast::ViewItem> ,
-                 stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> ,
-                 expr: Option<@ast::Expr>) -> P<ast::Block> {
+                 stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>,
+                 expr: Option<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> P<ast::Block> {
             P(ast::Block {
                view_items: view_items,
                stmts: stmts,
@@ -486,107 +507,109 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
             })
     }
 
-    fn expr(&self, span: Span, node: ast::Expr_) -> @ast::Expr {
-        @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr(&self, span: Span, node: ast::Expr_) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
+        box(GC) ast::Expr {
             id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
             node: node,
             span: span,
         }
     }
 
-    fn expr_path(&self, path: ast::Path) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_path(&self, path: ast::Path) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(path.span, ast::ExprPath(path))
     }
 
-    fn expr_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_path(self.path_ident(span, id))
     }
-    fn expr_self(&self, span: Span) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_self(&self, span: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_ident(span, special_idents::self_)
     }
 
     fn expr_binary(&self, sp: Span, op: ast::BinOp,
-                   lhs: @ast::Expr, rhs: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+                   lhs: Gc<ast::Expr>, rhs: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprBinary(op, lhs, rhs))
     }
 
-    fn expr_deref(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_deref(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_unary(sp, ast::UnDeref, e)
     }
-    fn expr_unary(&self, sp: Span, op: ast::UnOp, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_unary(&self, sp: Span, op: ast::UnOp, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprUnary(op, e))
     }
 
-    fn expr_managed(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_managed(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_unary(sp, ast::UnBox, e)
     }
 
-    fn expr_field_access(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_field_access(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprField(expr, ident, Vec::new()))
     }
-    fn expr_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprAddrOf(ast::MutImmutable, e))
     }
-    fn expr_mut_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_mut_addr_of(&self, sp: Span, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprAddrOf(ast::MutMutable, e))
     }
 
-    fn expr_call(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_call(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                 args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprCall(expr, args))
     }
-    fn expr_call_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident, args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_call_ident(&self, span: Span, id: ast::Ident,
+                       args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprCall(self.expr_ident(span, id), args))
     }
     fn expr_call_global(&self, sp: Span, fn_path: Vec<ast::Ident> ,
-                      args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+                      args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let pathexpr = self.expr_path(self.path_global(sp, fn_path));
         self.expr_call(sp, pathexpr, args)
     }
     fn expr_method_call(&self, span: Span,
-                        expr: @ast::Expr,
+                        expr: Gc<ast::Expr>,
                         ident: ast::Ident,
-                        mut args: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+                        mut args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let id = Spanned { node: ident, span: span };
         args.unshift(expr);
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprMethodCall(id, Vec::new(), args))
     }
-    fn expr_block(&self, b: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_block(&self, b: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(b.span, ast::ExprBlock(b))
     }
-    fn field_imm(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, e: @ast::Expr) -> ast::Field {
+    fn field_imm(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> ast::Field {
         ast::Field { ident: respan(span, name), expr: e, span: span }
     }
-    fn expr_struct(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path, fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_struct(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path, fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprStruct(path, fields, None))
     }
     fn expr_struct_ident(&self, span: Span,
-                         id: ast::Ident, fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+                         id: ast::Ident, fields: Vec<ast::Field> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_struct(span, self.path_ident(span, id), fields)
     }
 
-    fn expr_lit(&self, sp: Span, lit: ast::Lit_) -> @ast::Expr {
-        self.expr(sp, ast::ExprLit(@respan(sp, lit)))
+    fn expr_lit(&self, sp: Span, lit: ast::Lit_) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
+        self.expr(sp, ast::ExprLit(box(GC) respan(sp, lit)))
     }
-    fn expr_uint(&self, span: Span, i: uint) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_uint(&self, span: Span, i: uint) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_lit(span, ast::LitUint(i as u64, ast::TyU))
     }
-    fn expr_int(&self, sp: Span, i: int) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_int(&self, sp: Span, i: int) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_lit(sp, ast::LitInt(i as i64, ast::TyI))
     }
-    fn expr_u8(&self, sp: Span, u: u8) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_u8(&self, sp: Span, u: u8) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_lit(sp, ast::LitUint(u as u64, ast::TyU8))
     }
-    fn expr_bool(&self, sp: Span, value: bool) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_bool(&self, sp: Span, value: bool) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_lit(sp, ast::LitBool(value))
     }
 
-    fn expr_vstore(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, vst: ast::ExprVstore) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_vstore(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, vst: ast::ExprVstore) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprVstore(expr, vst))
     }
-    fn expr_vec(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_vec(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprVec(exprs))
     }
-    fn expr_vec_ng(&self, sp: Span) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_vec_ng(&self, sp: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_call_global(sp,
                               vec!(self.ident_of("std"),
                                    self.ident_of("vec"),
@@ -594,23 +617,23 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
                                    self.ident_of("new")),
                               Vec::new())
     }
-    fn expr_vec_slice(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<@ast::Expr> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_vec_slice(&self, sp: Span, exprs: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>> ) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_vstore(sp, self.expr_vec(sp, exprs), ast::ExprVstoreSlice)
     }
-    fn expr_str(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_str(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_lit(sp, ast::LitStr(s, ast::CookedStr))
     }
-    fn expr_str_uniq(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_str_uniq(&self, sp: Span, s: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_vstore(sp, self.expr_str(sp, s), ast::ExprVstoreUniq)
     }
 
 
-    fn expr_cast(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_cast(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(sp, ast::ExprCast(expr, ty))
     }
 
 
-    fn expr_some(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_some(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let some = vec!(
             self.ident_of("std"),
             self.ident_of("option"),
@@ -618,7 +641,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         self.expr_call_global(sp, some, vec!(expr))
     }
 
-    fn expr_none(&self, sp: Span) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_none(&self, sp: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let none = self.path_global(sp, vec!(
             self.ident_of("std"),
             self.ident_of("option"),
@@ -626,7 +649,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         self.expr_path(none)
     }
 
-    fn expr_fail(&self, span: Span, msg: InternedString) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_fail(&self, span: Span, msg: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let loc = self.codemap().lookup_char_pos(span.lo);
         self.expr_call_global(
             span,
@@ -643,13 +666,13 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
                 self.expr_uint(span, loc.line)))
     }
 
-    fn expr_unreachable(&self, span: Span) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_unreachable(&self, span: Span) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr_fail(span,
                        InternedString::new(
                            "internal error: entered unreachable code"))
     }
 
-    fn expr_ok(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_ok(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let ok = vec!(
             self.ident_of("std"),
             self.ident_of("result"),
@@ -657,7 +680,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         self.expr_call_global(sp, ok, vec!(expr))
     }
 
-    fn expr_err(&self, sp: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_err(&self, sp: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let err = vec!(
             self.ident_of("std"),
             self.ident_of("result"),
@@ -665,7 +688,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         self.expr_call_global(sp, err, vec!(expr))
     }
 
-    fn expr_try(&self, sp: Span, head: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn expr_try(&self, sp: Span, head: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let ok = self.ident_of("Ok");
         let ok_path = self.path_ident(sp, ok);
         let err = self.ident_of("Err");
@@ -694,38 +717,38 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
     }
 
 
-    fn pat(&self, span: Span, pat: ast::Pat_) -> @ast::Pat {
-        @ast::Pat { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, node: pat, span: span }
+    fn pat(&self, span: Span, pat: ast::Pat_) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
+        box(GC) ast::Pat { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, node: pat, span: span }
     }
-    fn pat_wild(&self, span: Span) -> @ast::Pat {
+    fn pat_wild(&self, span: Span) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         self.pat(span, ast::PatWild)
     }
-    fn pat_lit(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Pat {
+    fn pat_lit(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         self.pat(span, ast::PatLit(expr))
     }
-    fn pat_ident(&self, span: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Pat {
+    fn pat_ident(&self, span: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         self.pat_ident_binding_mode(span, ident, ast::BindByValue(ast::MutImmutable))
     }
 
     fn pat_ident_binding_mode(&self,
                               span: Span,
                               ident: ast::Ident,
-                              bm: ast::BindingMode) -> @ast::Pat {
+                              bm: ast::BindingMode) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         let path = self.path_ident(span, ident);
         let pat = ast::PatIdent(bm, path, None);
         self.pat(span, pat)
     }
-    fn pat_enum(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path, subpats: Vec<@ast::Pat> ) -> @ast::Pat {
+    fn pat_enum(&self, span: Span, path: ast::Path, subpats: Vec<Gc<ast::Pat>> ) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         let pat = ast::PatEnum(path, Some(subpats));
         self.pat(span, pat)
     }
     fn pat_struct(&self, span: Span,
-                  path: ast::Path, field_pats: Vec<ast::FieldPat> ) -> @ast::Pat {
+                  path: ast::Path, field_pats: Vec<ast::FieldPat> ) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         let pat = ast::PatStruct(path, field_pats, false);
         self.pat(span, pat)
     }
 
-    fn arm(&self, _span: Span, pats: Vec<@ast::Pat> , expr: @ast::Expr) -> ast::Arm {
+    fn arm(&self, _span: Span, pats: Vec<Gc<ast::Pat>> , expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> ast::Arm {
         ast::Arm {
             attrs: vec!(),
             pats: pats,
@@ -738,56 +761,60 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         self.arm(span, vec!(self.pat_wild(span)), self.expr_unreachable(span))
     }
 
-    fn expr_match(&self, span: Span, arg: @ast::Expr, arms: Vec<ast::Arm> ) -> @Expr {
+    fn expr_match(&self, span: Span, arg: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                  arms: Vec<ast::Arm>) -> Gc<Expr> {
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprMatch(arg, arms))
     }
 
     fn expr_if(&self, span: Span,
-               cond: @ast::Expr, then: @ast::Expr, els: Option<@ast::Expr>) -> @ast::Expr {
+               cond: Gc<ast::Expr>, then: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+               els: Option<Gc<ast::Expr>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let els = els.map(|x| self.expr_block(self.block_expr(x)));
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprIf(cond, self.block_expr(then), els))
     }
 
     fn lambda_fn_decl(&self, span: Span,
-                      fn_decl: P<ast::FnDecl>, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr {
+                      fn_decl: P<ast::FnDecl>, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprFnBlock(fn_decl, blk))
     }
-    fn lambda(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , blk: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let fn_decl = self.fn_decl(
             ids.iter().map(|id| self.arg(span, *id, self.ty_infer(span))).collect(),
             self.ty_infer(span));
 
         self.expr(span, ast::ExprFnBlock(fn_decl, blk))
     }
-    fn lambda0(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda0(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda(span, Vec::new(), blk)
     }
 
-    fn lambda1(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda1(&self, span: Span, blk: P<ast::Block>, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda(span, vec!(ident), blk)
     }
 
-    fn lambda_expr(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda_expr(&self, span: Span, ids: Vec<ast::Ident> , expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda(span, ids, self.block_expr(expr))
     }
-    fn lambda_expr_0(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda_expr_0(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda0(span, self.block_expr(expr))
     }
-    fn lambda_expr_1(&self, span: Span, expr: @ast::Expr, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda_expr_1(&self, span: Span, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda1(span, self.block_expr(expr), ident)
     }
 
     fn lambda_stmts(&self,
                     span: Span,
                     ids: Vec<ast::Ident>,
-                    stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt>)
-                    -> @ast::Expr {
+                    stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>)
+                    -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda(span, ids, self.block(span, stmts, None))
     }
-    fn lambda_stmts_0(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> ) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda_stmts_0(&self, span: Span,
+                      stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda0(span, self.block(span, stmts, None))
     }
-    fn lambda_stmts_1(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<@ast::Stmt> , ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn lambda_stmts_1(&self, span: Span, stmts: Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>>,
+                      ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         self.lambda1(span, self.block(span, stmts, None), ident)
     }
 
@@ -811,10 +838,11 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
     }
 
     fn item(&self, span: Span,
-            name: Ident, attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute> , node: ast::Item_) -> @ast::Item {
+            name: Ident, attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute>,
+            node: ast::Item_) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         // FIXME: Would be nice if our generated code didn't violate
         // Rust coding conventions
-        @ast::Item { ident: name,
+        box(GC) ast::Item { ident: name,
                     attrs: attrs,
                     id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                     node: node,
@@ -828,7 +856,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
                     inputs: Vec<ast::Arg> ,
                     output: P<ast::Ty>,
                     generics: Generics,
-                    body: P<ast::Block>) -> @ast::Item {
+                    body: P<ast::Block>) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item(span,
                   name,
                   Vec::new(),
@@ -845,7 +873,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
                inputs: Vec<ast::Arg> ,
                output: P<ast::Ty>,
                body: P<ast::Block>
-              ) -> @ast::Item {
+              ) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item_fn_poly(
             span,
             name,
@@ -873,18 +901,18 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
 
     fn item_enum_poly(&self, span: Span, name: Ident,
                       enum_definition: ast::EnumDef,
-                      generics: Generics) -> @ast::Item {
+                      generics: Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item(span, name, Vec::new(), ast::ItemEnum(enum_definition, generics))
     }
 
     fn item_enum(&self, span: Span, name: Ident,
-                 enum_definition: ast::EnumDef) -> @ast::Item {
+                 enum_definition: ast::EnumDef) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item_enum_poly(span, name, enum_definition,
                             ast_util::empty_generics())
     }
 
     fn item_struct(&self, span: Span, name: Ident,
-                   struct_def: ast::StructDef) -> @ast::Item {
+                   struct_def: ast::StructDef) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item_struct_poly(
             span,
             name,
@@ -894,14 +922,14 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
     }
 
     fn item_struct_poly(&self, span: Span, name: Ident,
-        struct_def: ast::StructDef, generics: Generics) -> @ast::Item {
-        self.item(span, name, Vec::new(), ast::ItemStruct(@struct_def, generics))
+        struct_def: ast::StructDef, generics: Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
+        self.item(span, name, Vec::new(), ast::ItemStruct(box(GC) struct_def, generics))
     }
 
     fn item_mod(&self, span: Span, inner_span: Span, name: Ident,
                 attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute> ,
                 vi: Vec<ast::ViewItem> ,
-                items: Vec<@ast::Item> ) -> @ast::Item {
+                items: Vec<Gc<ast::Item>>) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item(
             span,
             name,
@@ -915,15 +943,15 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
     }
 
     fn item_ty_poly(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, ty: P<ast::Ty>,
-                    generics: Generics) -> @ast::Item {
+                    generics: Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item(span, name, Vec::new(), ast::ItemTy(ty, generics))
     }
 
-    fn item_ty(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> @ast::Item {
+    fn item_ty(&self, span: Span, name: Ident, ty: P<ast::Ty>) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         self.item_ty_poly(span, name, ty, ast_util::empty_generics())
     }
 
-    fn attribute(&self, sp: Span, mi: @ast::MetaItem) -> ast::Attribute {
+    fn attribute(&self, sp: Span, mi: Gc<ast::MetaItem>) -> ast::Attribute {
         respan(sp, ast::Attribute_ {
             id: attr::mk_attr_id(),
             style: ast::AttrOuter,
@@ -932,26 +960,26 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         })
     }
 
-    fn meta_word(&self, sp: Span, w: InternedString) -> @ast::MetaItem {
-        @respan(sp, ast::MetaWord(w))
+    fn meta_word(&self, sp: Span, w: InternedString) -> Gc<ast::MetaItem> {
+        box(GC) respan(sp, ast::MetaWord(w))
     }
     fn meta_list(&self,
                  sp: Span,
                  name: InternedString,
-                 mis: Vec<@ast::MetaItem> )
-                 -> @ast::MetaItem {
-        @respan(sp, ast::MetaList(name, mis))
+                 mis: Vec<Gc<ast::MetaItem>> )
+                 -> Gc<ast::MetaItem> {
+        box(GC) respan(sp, ast::MetaList(name, mis))
     }
     fn meta_name_value(&self,
                        sp: Span,
                        name: InternedString,
                        value: ast::Lit_)
-                       -> @ast::MetaItem {
-        @respan(sp, ast::MetaNameValue(name, respan(sp, value)))
+                       -> Gc<ast::MetaItem> {
+        box(GC) respan(sp, ast::MetaNameValue(name, respan(sp, value)))
     }
 
     fn view_use(&self, sp: Span,
-                vis: ast::Visibility, vp: @ast::ViewPath) -> ast::ViewItem {
+                vis: ast::Visibility, vp: Gc<ast::ViewPath>) -> ast::ViewItem {
         ast::ViewItem {
             node: ast::ViewItemUse(vp),
             attrs: Vec::new(),
@@ -968,7 +996,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
     fn view_use_simple_(&self, sp: Span, vis: ast::Visibility,
                         ident: ast::Ident, path: ast::Path) -> ast::ViewItem {
         self.view_use(sp, vis,
-                      @respan(sp,
+                      box(GC) respan(sp,
                            ast::ViewPathSimple(ident,
                                                path,
                                                ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
@@ -981,7 +1009,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
         }).collect();
 
         self.view_use(sp, vis,
-                      @respan(sp,
+                      box(GC) respan(sp,
                            ast::ViewPathList(self.path(sp, path),
                                              imports,
                                              ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
@@ -990,7 +1018,7 @@ impl<'a> AstBuilder for ExtCtxt<'a> {
     fn view_use_glob(&self, sp: Span,
                      vis: ast::Visibility, path: Vec<ast::Ident> ) -> ast::ViewItem {
         self.view_use(sp, vis,
-                      @respan(sp,
+                      box(GC) respan(sp,
                            ast::ViewPathGlob(self.path(sp, path), ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)))
     }
 }
@@ -1013,8 +1041,8 @@ pub trait Duplicate {
     fn duplicate(&self, cx: &ExtCtxt) -> Self;
 }
 
-impl Duplicate for @ast::Expr {
-    fn duplicate(&self, _: &ExtCtxt) -> @ast::Expr {
+impl Duplicate for Gc<ast::Expr> {
+    fn duplicate(&self, _: &ExtCtxt) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let mut folder = Duplicator;
         folder.fold_expr(*self)
     }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/concat_idents.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/concat_idents.rs
index dad7f3e6979..3522095ed70 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/concat_idents.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/concat_idents.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub fn expand_syntax_ext(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
     }
     let res = str_to_ident(res_str.as_slice());
 
-    let e = @ast::Expr {
+    let e = box(GC) ast::Expr {
         id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
         node: ast::ExprPath(
             ast::Path {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/bounds.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/bounds.rs
index 81fb1e46bba..fac9f37c462 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/bounds.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/bounds.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ use ext::base::ExtCtxt;
 use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_bound(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                              span: Span,
-                             mitem: @MetaItem,
-                             item: @Item,
-                             push: |@Item|) {
+                             mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                             item: Gc<Item>,
+                             push: |Gc<Item>|) {
 
     let name = match mitem.node {
         MetaWord(ref tname) => {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/clone.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/clone.rs
index 6ddfedfeb4f..93e4920bc1d 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/clone.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/clone.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_clone(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                              span: Span,
-                             mitem: @MetaItem,
-                             item: @Item,
-                             push: |@Item|) {
+                             mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                             item: Gc<Item>,
+                             push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let inline = cx.meta_word(span, InternedString::new("inline"));
     let attrs = vec!(cx.attribute(span, inline));
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_clone(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
 fn cs_clone(
     name: &str,
     cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
-    substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+    substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let clone_ident = substr.method_ident;
     let ctor_ident;
     let all_fields;
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/eq.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/eq.rs
index e7a6cb35582..ef8d477a98e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/eq.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/eq.rs
@@ -16,18 +16,20 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_eq(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                           span: Span,
-                          mitem: @MetaItem,
-                          item: @Item,
-                          push: |@Item|) {
+                          mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                          item: Gc<Item>,
+                          push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     // structures are equal if all fields are equal, and non equal, if
     // any fields are not equal or if the enum variants are different
-    fn cs_eq(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+    fn cs_eq(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
         cs_and(|cx, span, _, _| cx.expr_bool(span, false),
                                  cx, span, substr)
     }
-    fn cs_ne(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+    fn cs_ne(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
         cs_or(|cx, span, _, _| cx.expr_bool(span, true),
               cx, span, substr)
     }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/ord.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/ord.rs
index 24cc286b190..88ebe8a60fa 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/ord.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/ord.rs
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_ord(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                            span: Span,
-                           mitem: @MetaItem,
-                           item: @Item,
-                           push: |@Item|) {
+                           mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                           item: Gc<Item>,
+                           push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     macro_rules! md (
         ($name:expr, $op:expr, $equal:expr) => { {
             let inline = cx.meta_word(span, InternedString::new("inline"));
@@ -58,7 +60,8 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_ord(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
 }
 
 /// Strict inequality.
-fn cs_op(less: bool, equal: bool, cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+fn cs_op(less: bool, equal: bool, cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span,
+         substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let op = if less {ast::BiLt} else {ast::BiGt};
     cs_fold(
         false, // need foldr,
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totaleq.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totaleq.rs
index fb7be4c14b6..8b1e0498d25 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totaleq.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totaleq.rs
@@ -16,12 +16,15 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_totaleq(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                span: Span,
-                               mitem: @MetaItem,
-                               item: @Item,
-                               push: |@Item|) {
-    fn cs_total_eq_assert(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+                               mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                               item: Gc<Item>,
+                               push: |Gc<Item>|) {
+    fn cs_total_eq_assert(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span,
+                          substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
         cs_same_method(|cx, span, exprs| {
             // create `a.<method>(); b.<method>(); c.<method>(); ...`
             // (where method is `assert_receiver_is_total_eq`)
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totalord.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totalord.rs
index 03ac4c9ab03..271aa90cd24 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totalord.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totalord.rs
@@ -18,12 +18,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
 use std::cmp::{Ordering, Equal, Less, Greater};
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 pub fn expand_deriving_totalord(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                 span: Span,
-                                mitem: @MetaItem,
-                                item: @Item,
-                                push: |@Item|) {
+                                mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                                item: Gc<Item>,
+                                push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let inline = cx.meta_word(span, InternedString::new("inline"));
     let attrs = vec!(cx.attribute(span, inline));
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn ordering_const(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span, cnst: Ordering) -> ast::Path
 }
 
 pub fn cs_cmp(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span,
-              substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+              substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let test_id = cx.ident_of("__test");
     let equals_path = ordering_const(cx, span, Equal);
 
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/decodable.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/decodable.rs
index fe198749384..0c23d65fde0 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/decodable.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/decodable.rs
@@ -23,11 +23,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 use parse::token;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_decodable(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                  span: Span,
-                                 mitem: @MetaItem,
-                                 item: @Item,
-                                 push: |@Item|) {
+                                 mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                                 item: Gc<Item>,
+                                 push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span: span,
         attributes: Vec::new(),
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_decodable(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
 }
 
 fn decodable_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
-                          substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+                          substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let decoder = substr.nonself_args[0];
     let recurse = vec!(cx.ident_of("serialize"),
                     cx.ident_of("Decodable"),
@@ -159,8 +161,8 @@ fn decode_static_fields(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                         trait_span: Span,
                         outer_pat_ident: Ident,
                         fields: &StaticFields,
-                        getarg: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, InternedString, uint| -> @Expr)
-                        -> @Expr {
+                        getarg: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, InternedString, uint| -> Gc<Expr>)
+                        -> Gc<Expr> {
     match *fields {
         Unnamed(ref fields) => {
             if fields.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/default.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/default.rs
index 28547a5a494..dfebc0f5e64 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/default.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/default.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_default(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                             span: Span,
-                            mitem: @MetaItem,
-                            item: @Item,
-                            push: |@Item|) {
+                            mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                            item: Gc<Item>,
+                            push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let inline = cx.meta_word(span, InternedString::new("inline"));
     let attrs = vec!(cx.attribute(span, inline));
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_default(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
     trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push)
 }
 
-fn default_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+fn default_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
+                        substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let default_ident = vec!(
         cx.ident_of("std"),
         cx.ident_of("default"),
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/encodable.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/encodable.rs
index e189cc682f6..f57670af199 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/encodable.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/encodable.rs
@@ -91,11 +91,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_encodable(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                  span: Span,
-                                 mitem: @MetaItem,
-                                 item: @Item,
-                                 push: |@Item|) {
+                                 mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                                 item: Gc<Item>,
+                                 push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span: span,
         attributes: Vec::new(),
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_encodable(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
 }
 
 fn encodable_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
-                          substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+                          substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let encoder = substr.nonself_args[0];
     // throw an underscore in front to suppress unused variable warnings
     let blkarg = cx.ident_of("_e");
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs
index bf0da94e3e3..251eae75ee5 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ StaticEnum(<ast::EnumDef of C>, ~[(<ident of C0>, <span of C0>, Unnamed(~[<span
 */
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 use ast;
 use ast::{P, EnumDef, Expr, Ident, Generics, StructDef};
@@ -248,9 +249,9 @@ pub struct Substructure<'a> {
     /// ident of the method
     pub method_ident: Ident,
     /// dereferenced access to any Self or Ptr(Self, _) arguments
-    pub self_args: &'a [@Expr],
+    pub self_args: &'a [Gc<Expr>],
     /// verbatim access to any other arguments
-    pub nonself_args: &'a [@Expr],
+    pub nonself_args: &'a [Gc<Expr>],
     pub fields: &'a SubstructureFields<'a>
 }
 
@@ -262,42 +263,43 @@ pub struct FieldInfo {
     pub name: Option<Ident>,
     /// The expression corresponding to this field of `self`
     /// (specifically, a reference to it).
-    pub self_: @Expr,
+    pub self_: Gc<Expr>,
     /// The expressions corresponding to references to this field in
     /// the other Self arguments.
-    pub other: Vec<@Expr>,
+    pub other: Vec<Gc<Expr>>,
 }
 
 /// Fields for a static method
 pub enum StaticFields {
     /// Tuple structs/enum variants like this
-    Unnamed(Vec<Span> ),
+    Unnamed(Vec<Span>),
     /// Normal structs/struct variants.
-    Named(Vec<(Ident, Span)> )
+    Named(Vec<(Ident, Span)>),
 }
 
 /// A summary of the possible sets of fields. See above for details
 /// and examples
 pub enum SubstructureFields<'a> {
-    Struct(Vec<FieldInfo> ),
+    Struct(Vec<FieldInfo>),
     /**
     Matching variants of the enum: variant index, ast::Variant,
     fields: the field name is only non-`None` in the case of a struct
     variant.
     */
-    EnumMatching(uint, &'a ast::Variant, Vec<FieldInfo> ),
+    EnumMatching(uint, &'a ast::Variant, Vec<FieldInfo>),
 
     /**
     non-matching variants of the enum, [(variant index, ast::Variant,
     [field span, field ident, fields])] \(i.e. all fields for self are in the
     first tuple, for other1 are in the second tuple, etc.)
     */
-    EnumNonMatching(&'a [(uint, P<ast::Variant>, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, @Expr)> )]),
+    EnumNonMatching(&'a [(uint, P<ast::Variant>,
+                          Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, Gc<Expr>)>)]),
 
     /// A static method where Self is a struct.
     StaticStruct(&'a ast::StructDef, StaticFields),
     /// A static method where Self is an enum.
-    StaticEnum(&'a ast::EnumDef, Vec<(Ident, Span, StaticFields)> )
+    StaticEnum(&'a ast::EnumDef, Vec<(Ident, Span, StaticFields)>),
 }
 
 
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ Combine the values of all the fields together. The last argument is
 all the fields of all the structures, see above for details.
 */
 pub type CombineSubstructureFunc<'a> =
-    |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, &Substructure|: 'a -> @Expr;
+    |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, &Substructure|: 'a -> Gc<Expr>;
 
 /**
 Deal with non-matching enum variants, the arguments are a list
@@ -317,9 +319,9 @@ representing each variant: (variant index, ast::Variant instance,
 pub type EnumNonMatchFunc<'a> =
     |&mut ExtCtxt,
            Span,
-           &[(uint, P<ast::Variant>, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, @Expr)> )],
-           &[@Expr]|: 'a
-           -> @Expr;
+           &[(uint, P<ast::Variant>, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, Gc<Expr>)>)],
+           &[Gc<Expr>]|: 'a
+           -> Gc<Expr>;
 
 pub fn combine_substructure<'a>(f: CombineSubstructureFunc<'a>)
     -> RefCell<CombineSubstructureFunc<'a>> {
@@ -330,13 +332,13 @@ pub fn combine_substructure<'a>(f: CombineSubstructureFunc<'a>)
 impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
     pub fn expand(&self,
                   cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
-                  _mitem: @ast::MetaItem,
-                  item: @ast::Item,
-                  push: |@ast::Item|) {
+                  _mitem: Gc<ast::MetaItem>,
+                  item: Gc<ast::Item>,
+                  push: |Gc<ast::Item>|) {
         let newitem = match item.node {
-            ast::ItemStruct(struct_def, ref generics) => {
+            ast::ItemStruct(ref struct_def, ref generics) => {
                 self.expand_struct_def(cx,
-                                       struct_def,
+                                       &**struct_def,
                                        item.ident,
                                        generics)
             }
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                 _ => false,
             }
         }).map(|a| a.clone()));
-        push(@ast::Item {
+        push(box(GC) ast::Item {
             attrs: attrs,
             ..(*newitem).clone()
         })
@@ -379,7 +381,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                            cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                            type_ident: Ident,
                            generics: &Generics,
-                           methods: Vec<@ast::Method> ) -> @ast::Item {
+                           methods: Vec<Gc<ast::Method>> ) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         let trait_path = self.path.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics);
 
         let Generics { mut lifetimes, ty_params } =
@@ -435,7 +437,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
         // Just mark it now since we know that it'll end up used downstream
         attr::mark_used(&attr);
         let opt_trait_ref = Some(trait_ref);
-        let ident = ast_util::impl_pretty_name(&opt_trait_ref, self_type);
+        let ident = ast_util::impl_pretty_name(&opt_trait_ref, &*self_type);
         cx.item(
             self.span,
             ident,
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                          cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                          struct_def: &StructDef,
                          type_ident: Ident,
-                         generics: &Generics) -> @ast::Item {
+                         generics: &Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         let methods = self.methods.iter().map(|method_def| {
             let (explicit_self, self_args, nonself_args, tys) =
                 method_def.split_self_nonself_args(
@@ -484,7 +486,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                        cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                        enum_def: &EnumDef,
                        type_ident: Ident,
-                       generics: &Generics) -> @ast::Item {
+                       generics: &Generics) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
         let methods = self.methods.iter().map(|method_def| {
             let (explicit_self, self_args, nonself_args, tys) =
                 method_def.split_self_nonself_args(cx, self,
@@ -522,10 +524,10 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                                 cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                 trait_: &TraitDef,
                                 type_ident: Ident,
-                                self_args: &[@Expr],
-                                nonself_args: &[@Expr],
+                                self_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
+                                nonself_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
                                 fields: &SubstructureFields)
-        -> @Expr {
+        -> Gc<Expr> {
         let substructure = Substructure {
             type_ident: type_ident,
             method_ident: cx.ident_of(self.name),
@@ -556,7 +558,8 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                                trait_: &TraitDef,
                                type_ident: Ident,
                                generics: &Generics)
-        -> (ast::ExplicitSelf, Vec<@Expr> , Vec<@Expr> , Vec<(Ident, P<ast::Ty>)> ) {
+        -> (ast::ExplicitSelf, Vec<Gc<Expr>>, Vec<Gc<Expr>>,
+            Vec<(Ident, P<ast::Ty>)>) {
 
         let mut self_args = Vec::new();
         let mut nonself_args = Vec::new();
@@ -608,7 +611,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                      generics: &Generics,
                      explicit_self: ast::ExplicitSelf,
                      arg_types: Vec<(Ident, P<ast::Ty>)> ,
-                     body: @Expr) -> @ast::Method {
+                     body: Gc<Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Method> {
         // create the generics that aren't for Self
         let fn_generics = self.generics.to_generics(cx, trait_.span, type_ident, generics);
 
@@ -630,7 +633,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
         let body_block = cx.block_expr(body);
 
         // Create the method.
-        @ast::Method {
+        box(GC) ast::Method {
             ident: method_ident,
             attrs: self.attributes.clone(),
             generics: fn_generics,
@@ -670,9 +673,9 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                                  trait_: &TraitDef,
                                  struct_def: &StructDef,
                                  type_ident: Ident,
-                                 self_args: &[@Expr],
-                                 nonself_args: &[@Expr])
-        -> @Expr {
+                                 self_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
+                                 nonself_args: &[Gc<Expr>])
+        -> Gc<Expr> {
 
         let mut raw_fields = Vec::new(); // ~[[fields of self],
                                  // [fields of next Self arg], [etc]]
@@ -737,9 +740,9 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                                         trait_: &TraitDef,
                                         struct_def: &StructDef,
                                         type_ident: Ident,
-                                        self_args: &[@Expr],
-                                        nonself_args: &[@Expr])
-        -> @Expr {
+                                        self_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
+                                        nonself_args: &[Gc<Expr>])
+        -> Gc<Expr> {
         let summary = trait_.summarise_struct(cx, struct_def);
 
         self.call_substructure_method(cx,
@@ -780,9 +783,9 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                                trait_: &TraitDef,
                                enum_def: &EnumDef,
                                type_ident: Ident,
-                               self_args: &[@Expr],
-                               nonself_args: &[@Expr])
-                               -> @Expr {
+                               self_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
+                               nonself_args: &[Gc<Expr>])
+                               -> Gc<Expr> {
         let mut matches = Vec::new();
         self.build_enum_match(cx, trait_, enum_def, type_ident,
                               self_args, nonself_args,
@@ -816,12 +819,12 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                         trait_: &TraitDef,
                         enum_def: &EnumDef,
                         type_ident: Ident,
-                        self_args: &[@Expr],
-                        nonself_args: &[@Expr],
+                        self_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
+                        nonself_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
                         matching: Option<uint>,
                         matches_so_far: &mut Vec<(uint, P<ast::Variant>,
-                                              Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, @Expr)> )> ,
-                        match_count: uint) -> @Expr {
+                                              Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, Gc<Expr>)>)> ,
+                        match_count: uint) -> Gc<Expr> {
         if match_count == self_args.len() {
             // we've matched against all arguments, so make the final
             // expression at the bottom of the match tree
@@ -871,7 +874,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                             other: (*other).clone()
                         }
                     }).collect();
-                    EnumMatching(variant_index, variant, field_tuples)
+                    EnumMatching(variant_index, &*variant, field_tuples)
                 }
                 None => {
                     EnumNonMatching(matches_so_far.as_slice())
@@ -905,7 +908,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                 let variant = *enum_def.variants.get(index);
                 let (pattern, idents) = trait_.create_enum_variant_pattern(
                     cx,
-                    variant,
+                    &*variant,
                     current_match_str.as_slice(),
                     ast::MutImmutable);
 
@@ -938,7 +941,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                     let (pattern, idents) =
                         trait_.create_enum_variant_pattern(
                             cx,
-                            variant,
+                            &*variant,
                             current_match_str.as_slice(),
                             ast::MutImmutable);
 
@@ -974,17 +977,17 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
                                       trait_: &TraitDef,
                                       enum_def: &EnumDef,
                                       type_ident: Ident,
-                                      self_args: &[@Expr],
-                                      nonself_args: &[@Expr])
-        -> @Expr {
+                                      self_args: &[Gc<Expr>],
+                                      nonself_args: &[Gc<Expr>])
+        -> Gc<Expr> {
         let summary = enum_def.variants.iter().map(|v| {
             let ident = v.node.name;
             let summary = match v.node.kind {
                 ast::TupleVariantKind(ref args) => {
                     Unnamed(args.iter().map(|va| trait_.set_expn_info(cx, va.ty.span)).collect())
                 }
-                ast::StructVariantKind(struct_def) => {
-                    trait_.summarise_struct(cx, struct_def)
+                ast::StructVariantKind(ref struct_def) => {
+                    trait_.summarise_struct(cx, &**struct_def)
                 }
             };
             (ident, v.span, summary)
@@ -1009,7 +1012,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
             None => cx.span_bug(self.span, "trait with empty path in generic `deriving`"),
             Some(name) => *name
         };
-        to_set.expn_info = Some(@codemap::ExpnInfo {
+        to_set.expn_info = Some(box(GC) codemap::ExpnInfo {
             call_site: to_set,
             callee: codemap::NameAndSpan {
                 name: format!("deriving({})", trait_name).to_string(),
@@ -1048,7 +1051,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                           cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                           field_paths: Vec<ast::Path> ,
                           mutbl: ast::Mutability)
-                          -> Vec<@ast::Pat> {
+                          -> Vec<Gc<ast::Pat>> {
         field_paths.iter().map(|path| {
             cx.pat(path.span,
                         ast::PatIdent(ast::BindByRef(mutbl), (*path).clone(), None))
@@ -1061,7 +1064,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                              struct_def: &StructDef,
                              prefix: &str,
                              mutbl: ast::Mutability)
-                             -> (@ast::Pat, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, @Expr)> ) {
+                             -> (Gc<ast::Pat>, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, Gc<Expr>)>) {
         if struct_def.fields.is_empty() {
             return (
                 cx.pat_ident_binding_mode(
@@ -1126,7 +1129,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                                    variant: &ast::Variant,
                                    prefix: &str,
                                    mutbl: ast::Mutability)
-        -> (@ast::Pat, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, @Expr)> ) {
+        -> (Gc<ast::Pat>, Vec<(Span, Option<Ident>, Gc<Expr>)> ) {
         let variant_ident = variant.node.name;
         match variant.node.kind {
             ast::TupleVariantKind(ref variant_args) => {
@@ -1159,8 +1162,8 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                 (cx.pat_enum(variant.span, matching_path, subpats),
                  ident_expr)
             }
-            ast::StructVariantKind(struct_def) => {
-                self.create_struct_pattern(cx, variant_ident, struct_def,
+            ast::StructVariantKind(ref struct_def) => {
+                self.create_struct_pattern(cx, variant_ident, &**struct_def,
                                            prefix, mutbl)
             }
         }
@@ -1174,13 +1177,13 @@ Fold the fields. `use_foldl` controls whether this is done
 left-to-right (`true`) or right-to-left (`false`).
 */
 pub fn cs_fold(use_foldl: bool,
-               f: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, @Expr, @Expr, &[@Expr]| -> @Expr,
-               base: @Expr,
+               f: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, Gc<Expr>, Gc<Expr>, &[Gc<Expr>]| -> Gc<Expr>,
+               base: Gc<Expr>,
                enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
                cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                trait_span: Span,
                substructure: &Substructure)
-               -> @Expr {
+               -> Gc<Expr> {
     match *substructure.fields {
         EnumMatching(_, _, ref all_fields) | Struct(ref all_fields) => {
             if use_foldl {
@@ -1221,12 +1224,12 @@ f(cx, span, ~[self_1.method(__arg_1_1, __arg_2_1),
 ~~~
 */
 #[inline]
-pub fn cs_same_method(f: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, Vec<@Expr> | -> @Expr,
+pub fn cs_same_method(f: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, Vec<Gc<Expr>>| -> Gc<Expr>,
                       enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
                       cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                       trait_span: Span,
                       substructure: &Substructure)
-                      -> @Expr {
+                      -> Gc<Expr> {
     match *substructure.fields {
         EnumMatching(_, _, ref all_fields) | Struct(ref all_fields) => {
             // call self_n.method(other_1_n, other_2_n, ...)
@@ -1257,13 +1260,13 @@ fields. `use_foldl` controls whether this is done left-to-right
 */
 #[inline]
 pub fn cs_same_method_fold(use_foldl: bool,
-                           f: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, @Expr, @Expr| -> @Expr,
-                           base: @Expr,
+                           f: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span, Gc<Expr>, Gc<Expr>| -> Gc<Expr>,
+                           base: Gc<Expr>,
                            enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
                            cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                            trait_span: Span,
                            substructure: &Substructure)
-                           -> @Expr {
+                           -> Gc<Expr> {
     cs_same_method(
         |cx, span, vals| {
             if use_foldl {
@@ -1285,10 +1288,10 @@ Use a given binop to combine the result of calling the derived method
 on all the fields.
 */
 #[inline]
-pub fn cs_binop(binop: ast::BinOp, base: @Expr,
+pub fn cs_binop(binop: ast::BinOp, base: Gc<Expr>,
                 enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
                 cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
-                substructure: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+                substructure: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     cs_same_method_fold(
         true, // foldl is good enough
         |cx, span, old, new| {
@@ -1306,7 +1309,7 @@ pub fn cs_binop(binop: ast::BinOp, base: @Expr,
 #[inline]
 pub fn cs_or(enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
              cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span,
-             substructure: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+             substructure: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     cs_binop(ast::BiOr, cx.expr_bool(span, false),
              enum_nonmatch_f,
              cx, span, substructure)
@@ -1316,7 +1319,7 @@ pub fn cs_or(enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
 #[inline]
 pub fn cs_and(enum_nonmatch_f: EnumNonMatchFunc,
               cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span,
-              substructure: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+              substructure: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     cs_binop(ast::BiAnd, cx.expr_bool(span, true),
              enum_nonmatch_f,
              cx, span, substructure)
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/ty.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/ty.rs
index 602245b4c47..7501b950770 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/ty.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/ty.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use ext::build::AstBuilder;
 use codemap::{Span,respan};
 use owned_slice::OwnedSlice;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 /// The types of pointers
 pub enum PtrTy<'a> {
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ impl<'a> Path<'a> {
 /// A type. Supports pointers (except for *), Self, and literals
 pub enum Ty<'a> {
     Self,
-    // &/Box/@ Ty
+    // &/Box/ Ty
     Ptr(Box<Ty<'a>>, PtrTy<'a>),
     // mod::mod::Type<[lifetime], [Params...]>, including a plain type
     // parameter, and things like `int`
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@ impl<'a> LifetimeBounds<'a> {
 
 
 pub fn get_explicit_self(cx: &ExtCtxt, span: Span, self_ptr: &Option<PtrTy>)
-    -> (@Expr, ast::ExplicitSelf) {
+    -> (Gc<Expr>, ast::ExplicitSelf) {
     let self_path = cx.expr_self(span);
     match *self_ptr {
         None => {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/hash.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/hash.rs
index a9d5f156a99..77fb013b269 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/hash.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/hash.rs
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_hash(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                             span: Span,
-                            mitem: @MetaItem,
-                            item: @Item,
-                            push: |@Item|) {
+                            mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                            item: Gc<Item>,
+                            push: |Gc<Item>|) {
 
     let (path, generics, args) = if cx.ecfg.deriving_hash_type_parameter {
         (Path::new_(vec!("std", "hash", "Hash"), None,
@@ -64,7 +66,8 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_hash(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
     hash_trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push);
 }
 
-fn hash_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+fn hash_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
+                     substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let state_expr = match substr.nonself_args {
         [state_expr] => state_expr,
         _ => cx.span_bug(trait_span, "incorrect number of arguments in `deriving(Hash)`")
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/mod.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/mod.rs
index 445b21551fd..1833e56dbfb 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/mod.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/mod.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ use ast::{Item, MetaItem, MetaList, MetaNameValue, MetaWord};
 use ext::base::ExtCtxt;
 use codemap::Span;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub mod bounds;
 pub mod clone;
 pub mod encodable;
@@ -47,9 +49,9 @@ pub mod generic;
 
 pub fn expand_meta_deriving(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                             _span: Span,
-                            mitem: @MetaItem,
-                            item: @Item,
-                            push: |@Item|) {
+                            mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                            item: Gc<Item>,
+                            push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     match mitem.node {
         MetaNameValue(_, ref l) => {
             cx.span_err(l.span, "unexpected value in `deriving`");
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/primitive.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/primitive.rs
index 0db3233c475..735497d9a2c 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/primitive.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/primitive.rs
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_from_primitive(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                       span: Span,
-                                      mitem: @MetaItem,
-                                      item: @Item,
-                                      push: |@Item|) {
+                                      mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                                      item: Gc<Item>,
+                                      push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let inline = cx.meta_word(span, InternedString::new("inline"));
     let attrs = vec!(cx.attribute(span, inline));
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
@@ -70,7 +72,8 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_from_primitive(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
     trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push)
 }
 
-fn cs_from(name: &str, cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+fn cs_from(name: &str, cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
+           substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let n = match substr.nonself_args {
         [n] => n,
         _ => cx.span_bug(trait_span, "incorrect number of arguments in `deriving(FromPrimitive)`")
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/rand.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/rand.rs
index 86620f1aa1b..f6a15ea917e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/rand.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/rand.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ use ext::build::{AstBuilder};
 use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_rand(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                             span: Span,
-                            mitem: @MetaItem,
-                            item: @Item,
-                            push: |@Item|) {
+                            mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                            item: Gc<Item>,
+                            push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span: span,
         attributes: Vec::new(),
@@ -53,7 +55,8 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_rand(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
     trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push)
 }
 
-fn rand_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+fn rand_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
+                     substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let rng = match substr.nonself_args {
         [rng] => vec!( rng ),
         _ => cx.bug("Incorrect number of arguments to `rand` in `deriving(Rand)`")
@@ -134,8 +137,8 @@ fn rand_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span, substr: &Substructure)
                   trait_span: Span,
                   ctor_ident: Ident,
                   summary: &StaticFields,
-                  rand_call: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span| -> @Expr)
-                  -> @Expr {
+                  rand_call: |&mut ExtCtxt, Span| -> Gc<Expr>)
+                  -> Gc<Expr> {
         match *summary {
             Unnamed(ref fields) => {
                 if fields.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/show.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/show.rs
index 1124cf6d7cb..9c5e41c8f60 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/show.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/show.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ use parse::token;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::string::String;
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 pub fn expand_deriving_show(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                             span: Span,
-                            mitem: @MetaItem,
-                            item: @Item,
-                            push: |@Item|) {
+                            mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                            item: Gc<Item>,
+                            push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     // &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter
     let fmtr = Ptr(box Literal(Path::new(vec!("std", "fmt", "Formatter"))),
                    Borrowed(None, ast::MutMutable));
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_show(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
 // we construct a format string and then defer to std::fmt, since that
 // knows what's up with formatting at so on.
 fn show_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, span: Span,
-                     substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+                     substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     // build `<name>`, `<name>({}, {}, ...)` or `<name> { <field>: {},
     // <field>: {}, ... }` based on the "shape".
     //
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/zero.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/zero.rs
index 0328f7b470c..93947251223 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/zero.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/zero.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ use ext::deriving::generic::*;
 use ext::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use parse::token::InternedString;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
 pub fn expand_deriving_zero(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                             span: Span,
-                            mitem: @MetaItem,
-                            item: @Item,
-                            push: |@Item|) {
+                            mitem: Gc<MetaItem>,
+                            item: Gc<Item>,
+                            push: |Gc<Item>|) {
     let inline = cx.meta_word(span, InternedString::new("inline"));
     let attrs = vec!(cx.attribute(span, inline));
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
@@ -63,7 +65,8 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_zero(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
     trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push)
 }
 
-fn zero_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span, substr: &Substructure) -> @Expr {
+fn zero_substructure(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, trait_span: Span,
+                     substr: &Substructure) -> Gc<Expr> {
     let zero_ident = vec!(
         cx.ident_of("std"),
         cx.ident_of("num"),
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs
index bb335e7bed0..9efcb81e844 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ use visit;
 use visit::Visitor;
 use util::small_vector::SmallVector;
 
-pub fn expand_expr(e: @ast::Expr, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> @ast::Expr {
+use std::gc::Gc;
+
+pub fn expand_expr(e: Gc<ast::Expr>, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     match e.node {
         // expr_mac should really be expr_ext or something; it's the
         // entry-point for all syntax extensions.
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn expand_expr(e: @ast::Expr, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> @ast::Expr {
                         fld.fold_expr(marked_after).node.clone();
                     fld.cx.bt_pop();
 
-                    @ast::Expr {
+                    box(GC) ast::Expr {
                         id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                         node: fully_expanded,
                         span: e.span,
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ fn expand_loop_block(loop_block: P<Block>,
             // in a block enclosed by loop head.
             fld.extsbox.push_frame();
             fld.extsbox.info().pending_renames.push(rename);
-            let expanded_block = expand_block_elts(loop_block, fld);
+            let expanded_block = expand_block_elts(&*loop_block, fld);
             fld.extsbox.pop_frame();
 
             (expanded_block, Some(renamed_ident))
@@ -277,8 +279,8 @@ macro_rules! with_exts_frame (
 )
 
 // When we enter a module, record it, for the sake of `module!`
-pub fn expand_item(it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
-                   -> SmallVector<@ast::Item> {
+pub fn expand_item(it: Gc<ast::Item>, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
+                   -> SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>> {
     let it = expand_item_modifiers(it, fld);
 
     let mut decorator_items = SmallVector::zero();
@@ -301,7 +303,7 @@ pub fn expand_item(it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
 
                 // we'd ideally decorator_items.push_all(expand_item(item, fld)),
                 // but that double-mut-borrows fld
-                let mut items: SmallVector<@ast::Item> = SmallVector::zero();
+                let mut items: SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>> = SmallVector::zero();
                 dec_fn(fld.cx, attr.span, attr.node.value, it,
                        |item| items.push(item));
                 decorator_items.extend(items.move_iter()
@@ -320,17 +322,17 @@ pub fn expand_item(it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
             let macro_escape = contains_macro_escape(new_attrs.as_slice());
             let result = with_exts_frame!(fld.extsbox,
                                           macro_escape,
-                                          noop_fold_item(it, fld));
+                                          noop_fold_item(&*it, fld));
             fld.cx.mod_pop();
             result
         },
         _ => {
-            let it = @ast::Item {
+            let it = box(GC) ast::Item {
                 attrs: new_attrs,
                 ..(*it).clone()
 
             };
-            noop_fold_item(it, fld)
+            noop_fold_item(&*it, fld)
         }
     };
 
@@ -338,8 +340,8 @@ pub fn expand_item(it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
     new_items
 }
 
-fn expand_item_modifiers(mut it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
-                         -> @ast::Item {
+fn expand_item_modifiers(mut it: Gc<ast::Item>, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
+                         -> Gc<ast::Item> {
     let (modifiers, attrs) = it.attrs.partitioned(|attr| {
         match fld.extsbox.find(&intern(attr.name().get())) {
             Some(&ItemModifier(_)) => true,
@@ -347,7 +349,7 @@ fn expand_item_modifiers(mut it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
         }
     });
 
-    it = @ast::Item {
+    it = box(GC) ast::Item {
         attrs: attrs,
         ..(*it).clone()
     };
@@ -388,8 +390,8 @@ pub fn contains_macro_escape(attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> bool {
 
 // Support for item-position macro invocations, exactly the same
 // logic as for expression-position macro invocations.
-pub fn expand_item_mac(it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
-                       -> SmallVector<@ast::Item> {
+pub fn expand_item_mac(it: Gc<ast::Item>, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
+                       -> SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>> {
     let (pth, tts) = match it.node {
         ItemMac(codemap::Spanned {
             node: MacInvocTT(ref pth, ref tts, _),
@@ -494,7 +496,7 @@ pub fn expand_item_mac(it: @ast::Item, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
 }
 
 // expand a stmt
-pub fn expand_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> SmallVector<@Stmt> {
+pub fn expand_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> SmallVector<Gc<Stmt>> {
     // why the copying here and not in expand_expr?
     // looks like classic changed-in-only-one-place
     let (pth, tts, semi) = match s.node {
@@ -550,7 +552,7 @@ pub fn expand_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> SmallVector<@Stmt> {
                 }
             };
 
-            mark_stmt(expanded,fm)
+            mark_stmt(&*expanded,fm)
         }
 
         _ => {
@@ -561,20 +563,20 @@ pub fn expand_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> SmallVector<@Stmt> {
     };
 
     // Keep going, outside-in.
-    let fully_expanded = fld.fold_stmt(marked_after);
+    let fully_expanded = fld.fold_stmt(&*marked_after);
     if fully_expanded.is_empty() {
         fld.cx.span_err(pth.span, "macro didn't expand to a statement");
         return SmallVector::zero();
     }
     fld.cx.bt_pop();
-    let fully_expanded: SmallVector<@Stmt> = fully_expanded.move_iter()
-            .map(|s| @Spanned { span: s.span, node: s.node.clone() })
+    let fully_expanded: SmallVector<Gc<Stmt>> = fully_expanded.move_iter()
+            .map(|s| box(GC) Spanned { span: s.span, node: s.node.clone() })
             .collect();
 
     fully_expanded.move_iter().map(|s| {
         match s.node {
             StmtExpr(e, stmt_id) if semi => {
-                @Spanned {
+                box(GC) Spanned {
                     span: s.span,
                     node: StmtSemi(e, stmt_id)
                 }
@@ -587,7 +589,7 @@ pub fn expand_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> SmallVector<@Stmt> {
 // expand a non-macro stmt. this is essentially the fallthrough for
 // expand_stmt, above.
 fn expand_non_macro_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
-                         -> SmallVector<@Stmt> {
+                         -> SmallVector<Gc<Stmt>> {
     // is it a let?
     match s.node {
         StmtDecl(decl, node_id) => {
@@ -612,7 +614,7 @@ fn expand_non_macro_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
                     // names, as well... but that should be okay, as long as
                     // the new names are gensyms for the old ones.
                     let mut name_finder = new_name_finder(Vec::new());
-                    name_finder.visit_pat(expanded_pat,());
+                    name_finder.visit_pat(&*expanded_pat,());
                     // generate fresh names, push them to a new pending list
                     let mut new_pending_renames = Vec::new();
                     for ident in name_finder.ident_accumulator.iter() {
@@ -631,7 +633,7 @@ fn expand_non_macro_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
                     // also, don't forget to expand the init:
                     let new_init_opt = init.map(|e| fld.fold_expr(e));
                     let rewritten_local =
-                        @Local {
+                        box(GC) Local {
                             ty: local.ty,
                             pat: rewritten_pat,
                             init: new_init_opt,
@@ -639,8 +641,8 @@ fn expand_non_macro_stmt(s: &Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander)
                             span: span,
                             source: source
                         };
-                    SmallVector::one(@Spanned {
-                        node: StmtDecl(@Spanned {
+                    SmallVector::one(box(GC) Spanned {
+                        node: StmtDecl(box(GC) Spanned {
                                 node: DeclLocal(rewritten_local),
                                 span: stmt_span
                             },
@@ -687,7 +689,7 @@ impl Visitor<()> for NewNameFinderContext {
                 }
                 // visit optional subpattern of pat_ident:
                 for subpat in inner.iter() {
-                    self.visit_pat(*subpat, ())
+                    self.visit_pat(&**subpat, ())
                 }
             }
             // use the default traversal for non-pat_idents
@@ -725,9 +727,9 @@ pub fn expand_block_elts(b: &Block, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> P<Block> {
             let renamed_stmt = {
                 let pending_renames = &mut fld.extsbox.info().pending_renames;
                 let mut rename_fld = renames_to_fold(pending_renames);
-                rename_fld.fold_stmt(*x).expect_one("rename_fold didn't return one value")
+                rename_fld.fold_stmt(&**x).expect_one("rename_fold didn't return one value")
             };
-            fld.fold_stmt(renamed_stmt).move_iter()
+            fld.fold_stmt(&*renamed_stmt).move_iter()
         }).collect();
     let new_expr = b.expr.map(|x| {
         let expr = {
@@ -863,24 +865,24 @@ pub struct MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b> Folder for MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
-    fn fold_expr(&mut self, expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn fold_expr(&mut self, expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         expand_expr(expr, self)
     }
 
-    fn fold_pat(&mut self, pat: @ast::Pat) -> @ast::Pat {
+    fn fold_pat(&mut self, pat: Gc<ast::Pat>) -> Gc<ast::Pat> {
         expand_pat(pat, self)
     }
 
-    fn fold_item(&mut self, item: @ast::Item) -> SmallVector<@ast::Item> {
+    fn fold_item(&mut self, item: Gc<ast::Item>) -> SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>> {
         expand_item(item, self)
     }
 
-    fn fold_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &ast::Stmt) -> SmallVector<@ast::Stmt> {
+    fn fold_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &ast::Stmt) -> SmallVector<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
         expand_stmt(stmt, self)
     }
 
     fn fold_block(&mut self, block: P<Block>) -> P<Block> {
-        expand_block(block, self)
+        expand_block(&*block, self)
     }
 
     fn new_span(&mut self, span: Span) -> Span {
@@ -976,7 +978,7 @@ fn mark_tts(tts: &[TokenTree], m: Mrk) -> Vec<TokenTree> {
 }
 
 // apply a given mark to the given expr. Used following the expansion of a macro.
-fn mark_expr(expr: @ast::Expr, m: Mrk) -> @ast::Expr {
+fn mark_expr(expr: Gc<ast::Expr>, m: Mrk) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     new_mark_folder(m).fold_expr(expr)
 }
 
@@ -986,17 +988,17 @@ fn mark_pat(pat: @ast::Pat, m: Mrk) -> @ast::Pat {
 }
 
 // apply a given mark to the given stmt. Used following the expansion of a macro.
-fn mark_stmt(expr: &ast::Stmt, m: Mrk) -> @ast::Stmt {
+fn mark_stmt(expr: &ast::Stmt, m: Mrk) -> Gc<ast::Stmt> {
     new_mark_folder(m).fold_stmt(expr)
             .expect_one("marking a stmt didn't return a stmt")
 }
 
 // apply a given mark to the given item. Used following the expansion of a macro.
-fn mark_item(expr: @ast::Item, m: Mrk) -> SmallVector<@ast::Item> {
+fn mark_item(expr: Gc<ast::Item>, m: Mrk) -> SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>> {
     new_mark_folder(m).fold_item(expr)
 }
 
-fn original_span(cx: &ExtCtxt) -> @codemap::ExpnInfo {
+fn original_span(cx: &ExtCtxt) -> Gc<codemap::ExpnInfo> {
     let mut relevant_info = cx.backtrace();
     let mut einfo = relevant_info.unwrap();
     loop {
@@ -1134,7 +1136,7 @@ mod test {
             node: Attribute_ {
                 id: attr::mk_attr_id(),
                 style: AttrOuter,
-                value: @Spanned {
+                value: box(GC) Spanned {
                     node: MetaWord(token::intern_and_get_ident(s)),
                     span: codemap::DUMMY_SP,
                 },
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/format.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/format.rs
index 2db0d047942..8cf290b826b 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/format.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/format.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use rsparse = parse;
 
 use parse = fmt_macros;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 #[deriving(PartialEq)]
 enum ArgumentType {
@@ -39,20 +40,20 @@ struct Context<'a, 'b> {
 
     // Parsed argument expressions and the types that we've found so far for
     // them.
-    args: Vec<@ast::Expr>,
+    args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>,
     arg_types: Vec<Option<ArgumentType>>,
     // Parsed named expressions and the types that we've found for them so far.
     // Note that we keep a side-array of the ordering of the named arguments
     // found to be sure that we can translate them in the same order that they
     // were declared in.
-    names: HashMap<String, @ast::Expr>,
+    names: HashMap<String, Gc<ast::Expr>>,
     name_types: HashMap<String, ArgumentType>,
     name_ordering: Vec<String>,
 
     // Collection of the compiled `rt::Piece` structures
-    pieces: Vec<@ast::Expr> ,
+    pieces: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>,
     name_positions: HashMap<String, uint>,
-    method_statics: Vec<@ast::Item> ,
+    method_statics: Vec<Gc<ast::Item>>,
 
     // Updated as arguments are consumed or methods are entered
     nest_level: uint,
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@ struct Context<'a, 'b> {
 }
 
 pub enum Invocation {
-    Call(@ast::Expr),
-    MethodCall(@ast::Expr, ast::Ident),
+    Call(Gc<ast::Expr>),
+    MethodCall(Gc<ast::Expr>, ast::Ident),
 }
 
 /// Parses the arguments from the given list of tokens, returning None
@@ -74,10 +75,10 @@ pub enum Invocation {
 ///           named arguments))
 fn parse_args(ecx: &mut ExtCtxt, sp: Span, allow_method: bool,
               tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
-    -> (Invocation, Option<(@ast::Expr, Vec<@ast::Expr>, Vec<String>,
-                            HashMap<String, @ast::Expr>)>) {
+    -> (Invocation, Option<(Gc<ast::Expr>, Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>, Vec<String>,
+                            HashMap<String, Gc<ast::Expr>>)>) {
     let mut args = Vec::new();
-    let mut names = HashMap::<String, @ast::Expr>::new();
+    let mut names = HashMap::<String, Gc<ast::Expr>>::new();
     let mut order = Vec::new();
 
     let mut p = rsparse::new_parser_from_tts(ecx.parse_sess(),
@@ -399,7 +400,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
           self.ecx.ident_of("rt"), self.ecx.ident_of(s))
     }
 
-    fn none(&self) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn none(&self) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let none = self.ecx.path_global(self.fmtsp, vec!(
                 self.ecx.ident_of("std"),
                 self.ecx.ident_of("option"),
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
         self.ecx.expr_path(none)
     }
 
-    fn some(&self, e: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn some(&self, e: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let p = self.ecx.path_global(self.fmtsp, vec!(
                 self.ecx.ident_of("std"),
                 self.ecx.ident_of("option"),
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
         self.ecx.expr_call(self.fmtsp, p, vec!(e))
     }
 
-    fn trans_count(&self, c: parse::Count) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn trans_count(&self, c: parse::Count) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let sp = self.fmtsp;
         match c {
             parse::CountIs(i) => {
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn trans_method(&mut self, method: &parse::Method) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn trans_method(&mut self, method: &parse::Method) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let sp = self.fmtsp;
         let method = match *method {
             parse::Select(ref arms, ref default) => {
@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
     }
 
     /// Translate a `parse::Piece` to a static `rt::Piece`
-    fn trans_piece(&mut self, piece: &parse::Piece) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn trans_piece(&mut self, piece: &parse::Piece) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let sp = self.fmtsp;
         match *piece {
             parse::String(s) => {
@@ -615,7 +616,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
 
     /// Actually builds the expression which the iformat! block will be expanded
     /// to
-    fn to_expr(&self, invocation: Invocation) -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn to_expr(&self, invocation: Invocation) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let mut lets = Vec::new();
         let mut locals = Vec::new();
         let mut names = Vec::from_fn(self.name_positions.len(), |_| None);
@@ -625,8 +626,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
         // First, declare all of our methods that are statics
         for &method in self.method_statics.iter() {
             let decl = respan(self.fmtsp, ast::DeclItem(method));
-            lets.push(@respan(self.fmtsp,
-                              ast::StmtDecl(@decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)));
+            lets.push(box(GC) respan(self.fmtsp,
+                              ast::StmtDecl(box(GC) decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)));
         }
 
         // Next, build up the static array which will become our precompiled
@@ -653,7 +654,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
         let item = self.ecx.item(self.fmtsp, static_name,
                                  self.static_attrs(), st);
         let decl = respan(self.fmtsp, ast::DeclItem(item));
-        lets.push(@respan(self.fmtsp, ast::StmtDecl(@decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)));
+        lets.push(box(GC) respan(self.fmtsp,
+                                 ast::StmtDecl(box(GC) decl, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID)));
 
         // Right now there is a bug such that for the expression:
         //      foo(bar(&1))
@@ -766,8 +768,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Context<'a, 'b> {
         self.ecx.expr_match(self.fmtsp, head, vec!(arm))
     }
 
-    fn format_arg(&self, sp: Span, argno: Position, arg: @ast::Expr)
-                  -> @ast::Expr {
+    fn format_arg(&self, sp: Span, argno: Position, arg: Gc<ast::Expr>)
+                  -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
         let ty = match argno {
             Exact(ref i) => self.arg_types.get(*i).get_ref(),
             Named(ref s) => self.name_types.get(s)
@@ -854,9 +856,12 @@ pub fn expand_format_args_method(ecx: &mut ExtCtxt, sp: Span,
 /// expression.
 pub fn expand_preparsed_format_args(ecx: &mut ExtCtxt, sp: Span,
                                     invocation: Invocation,
-                                    efmt: @ast::Expr, args: Vec<@ast::Expr>,
+                                    efmt: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                                    args: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>,
                                     name_ordering: Vec<String>,
-                                    names: HashMap<String, @ast::Expr>) -> @ast::Expr {
+                                    names: HashMap<String, Gc<ast::Expr>>)
+    -> Gc<ast::Expr>
+{
     let arg_types = Vec::from_fn(args.len(), |_| None);
     let mut cx = Context {
         ecx: ecx,
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/quote.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/quote.rs
index 0f5928ee198..5906f480d42 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/quote.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/quote.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use parse::token::*;
 use parse::token;
 use parse;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 /**
 *
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@ pub mod rt {
     pub use parse::new_parser_from_tts;
     pub use codemap::{BytePos, Span, dummy_spanned};
 
+    use std::gc::Gc;
+
     pub trait ToTokens {
         fn to_tokens(&self, _cx: &ExtCtxt) -> Vec<TokenTree> ;
     }
@@ -85,13 +88,13 @@ pub mod rt {
         }
     }
 
-    impl ToSource for @ast::Item {
+    impl ToSource for Gc<ast::Item> {
         fn to_source(&self) -> String {
             pprust::item_to_str(*self)
         }
     }
 
-    impl<'a> ToSource for &'a [@ast::Item] {
+    impl<'a> ToSource for &'a [Gc<ast::Item>] {
         fn to_source(&self) -> String {
             self.iter()
                 .map(|i| i.to_source())
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ pub mod rt {
         }
     }
 
-    impl ToSource for @ast::Expr {
+    impl ToSource for Gc<ast::Expr> {
         fn to_source(&self) -> String {
             pprust::expr_to_str(*self)
         }
@@ -263,12 +266,12 @@ pub mod rt {
     )
 
     impl_to_tokens!(ast::Ident)
-    impl_to_tokens!(@ast::Item)
-    impl_to_tokens_self!(&'a [@ast::Item])
+    impl_to_tokens!(Gc<ast::Item>)
+    impl_to_tokens_self!(&'a [Gc<ast::Item>])
     impl_to_tokens!(ast::Ty)
     impl_to_tokens_self!(&'a [ast::Ty])
     impl_to_tokens!(Generics)
-    impl_to_tokens!(@ast::Expr)
+    impl_to_tokens!(Gc<ast::Expr>)
     impl_to_tokens!(ast::Block)
     impl_to_tokens!(ast::Arg)
     impl_to_tokens_self!(&'a str)
@@ -287,15 +290,15 @@ pub mod rt {
     impl_to_tokens!(u64)
 
     pub trait ExtParseUtils {
-        fn parse_item(&self, s: String) -> @ast::Item;
-        fn parse_expr(&self, s: String) -> @ast::Expr;
-        fn parse_stmt(&self, s: String) -> @ast::Stmt;
+        fn parse_item(&self, s: String) -> Gc<ast::Item>;
+        fn parse_expr(&self, s: String) -> Gc<ast::Expr>;
+        fn parse_stmt(&self, s: String) -> Gc<ast::Stmt>;
         fn parse_tts(&self, s: String) -> Vec<ast::TokenTree> ;
     }
 
     impl<'a> ExtParseUtils for ExtCtxt<'a> {
 
-        fn parse_item(&self, s: String) -> @ast::Item {
+        fn parse_item(&self, s: String) -> Gc<ast::Item> {
             let res = parse::parse_item_from_source_str(
                 "<quote expansion>".to_string(),
                 s,
@@ -310,7 +313,7 @@ pub mod rt {
             }
         }
 
-        fn parse_stmt(&self, s: String) -> @ast::Stmt {
+        fn parse_stmt(&self, s: String) -> Gc<ast::Stmt> {
             parse::parse_stmt_from_source_str("<quote expansion>".to_string(),
                                               s,
                                               self.cfg(),
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ pub mod rt {
                                               self.parse_sess())
         }
 
-        fn parse_expr(&self, s: String) -> @ast::Expr {
+        fn parse_expr(&self, s: String) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
             parse::parse_expr_from_source_str("<quote expansion>".to_string(),
                                               s,
                                               self.cfg(),
@@ -400,7 +403,7 @@ fn id_ext(str: &str) -> ast::Ident {
 }
 
 // Lift an ident to the expr that evaluates to that ident.
-fn mk_ident(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
+fn mk_ident(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     let e_str = cx.expr_str(sp, token::get_ident(ident));
     cx.expr_method_call(sp,
                         cx.expr_ident(sp, id_ext("ext_cx")),
@@ -408,17 +411,17 @@ fn mk_ident(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, ident: ast::Ident) -> @ast::Expr {
                         vec!(e_str))
 }
 
-fn mk_ast_path(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, name: &str) -> @ast::Expr {
+fn mk_ast_path(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, name: &str) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     let idents = vec!(id_ext("syntax"), id_ext("ast"), id_ext(name));
     cx.expr_path(cx.path_global(sp, idents))
 }
 
-fn mk_token_path(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, name: &str) -> @ast::Expr {
+fn mk_token_path(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, name: &str) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     let idents = vec!(id_ext("syntax"), id_ext("parse"), id_ext("token"), id_ext(name));
     cx.expr_path(cx.path_global(sp, idents))
 }
 
-fn mk_binop(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, bop: token::BinOp) -> @ast::Expr {
+fn mk_binop(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, bop: token::BinOp) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     let name = match bop {
         PLUS => "PLUS",
         MINUS => "MINUS",
@@ -434,7 +437,7 @@ fn mk_binop(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, bop: token::BinOp) -> @ast::Expr {
     mk_token_path(cx, sp, name)
 }
 
-fn mk_token(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tok: &token::Token) -> @ast::Expr {
+fn mk_token(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tok: &token::Token) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
 
     match *tok {
         BINOP(binop) => {
@@ -565,7 +568,8 @@ fn mk_token(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tok: &token::Token) -> @ast::Expr {
     mk_token_path(cx, sp, name)
 }
 
-fn mk_tt(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tt: &ast::TokenTree) -> Vec<@ast::Stmt> {
+
+fn mk_tt(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tt: &ast::TokenTree) -> Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
     match *tt {
         ast::TTTok(sp, ref tok) => {
             let e_sp = cx.expr_ident(sp, id_ext("_sp"));
@@ -605,7 +609,7 @@ fn mk_tt(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tt: &ast::TokenTree) -> Vec<@ast::Stmt> {
 }
 
 fn mk_tts(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
-    -> Vec<@ast::Stmt> {
+    -> Vec<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
     let mut ss = Vec::new();
     for tt in tts.iter() {
         ss.push_all_move(mk_tt(cx, sp, tt));
@@ -614,7 +618,7 @@ fn mk_tts(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
 }
 
 fn expand_tts(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
-              -> (@ast::Expr, @ast::Expr) {
+              -> (Gc<ast::Expr>, Gc<ast::Expr>) {
     // NB: It appears that the main parser loses its mind if we consider
     // $foo as a TTNonterminal during the main parse, so we have to re-parse
     // under quote_depth > 0. This is silly and should go away; the _guess_ is
@@ -686,8 +690,8 @@ fn expand_tts(cx: &ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
 
 fn expand_wrapper(cx: &ExtCtxt,
                   sp: Span,
-                  cx_expr: @ast::Expr,
-                  expr: @ast::Expr) -> @ast::Expr {
+                  cx_expr: Gc<ast::Expr>,
+                  expr: Gc<ast::Expr>) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     let uses = [
         &["syntax", "ext", "quote", "rt"],
     ].iter().map(|path| {
@@ -703,8 +707,8 @@ fn expand_wrapper(cx: &ExtCtxt,
 fn expand_parse_call(cx: &ExtCtxt,
                      sp: Span,
                      parse_method: &str,
-                     arg_exprs: Vec<@ast::Expr> ,
-                     tts: &[ast::TokenTree]) -> @ast::Expr {
+                     arg_exprs: Vec<Gc<ast::Expr>>,
+                     tts: &[ast::TokenTree]) -> Gc<ast::Expr> {
     let (cx_expr, tts_expr) = expand_tts(cx, sp, tts);
 
     let cfg_call = || cx.expr_method_call(
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/source_util.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/source_util.rs
index 93b66ede267..915fc16c156 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/source_util.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/source_util.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use parse;
 use parse::token;
 use print::pprust;
 
+use std::gc::Gc;
 use std::io::File;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::str;
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ pub fn expand_include_bin(cx: &mut ExtCtxt, sp: Span, tts: &[ast::TokenTree])
 }
 
 // recur along an ExpnInfo chain to find the original expression
-fn topmost_expn_info(expn_info: @codemap::ExpnInfo) -> @codemap::ExpnInfo {
+fn topmost_expn_info(expn_info: Gc<codemap::ExpnInfo>) -> Gc<codemap::ExpnInfo> {
     match *expn_info {
         ExpnInfo { call_site: ref call_site, .. } => {
             match call_site.expn_info {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs
index e74861f6efe..85035a8d38e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_parser.rs
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ pub fn parse_nt(p: &mut Parser, name: &str) -> Nonterminal {
       "meta" => token::NtMeta(p.parse_meta_item()),
       "tt" => {
         p.quote_depth += 1u; //but in theory, non-quoted tts might be useful
-        let res = token::NtTT(@p.parse_token_tree());
+        let res = token::NtTT(box(GC) p.parse_token_tree());
         p.quote_depth -= 1u;
         res
       }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs
index c78d4d258f6..6607b6451c0 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/tt/macro_rules.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use util::small_vector::SmallVector;
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::gc::Gc;
 
 struct ParserAnyMacro<'a> {
     parser: RefCell<Parser<'a>>,
@@ -58,17 +59,17 @@ impl<'a> ParserAnyMacro<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> MacResult for ParserAnyMacro<'a> {
-    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<@ast::Expr> {
+    fn make_expr(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Expr>> {
         let ret = self.parser.borrow_mut().parse_expr();
         self.ensure_complete_parse(true);
         Some(ret)
     }
-    fn make_pat(&self) -> Option<@ast::Pat> {
+    fn make_pat(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Pat>> {
         let ret = self.parser.borrow_mut().parse_pat();
         self.ensure_complete_parse(false);
         Some(ret)
     }
-    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<@ast::Item>> {
+    fn make_items(&self) -> Option<SmallVector<Gc<ast::Item>>> {
         let mut ret = SmallVector::zero();
         loop {
             let mut parser = self.parser.borrow_mut();
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ impl<'a> MacResult for ParserAnyMacro<'a> {
         self.ensure_complete_parse(false);
         Some(ret)
     }
-    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<@ast::Stmt> {
+    fn make_stmt(&self) -> Option<Gc<ast::Stmt>> {
         let attrs = self.parser.borrow_mut().parse_outer_attributes();
         let ret = self.parser.borrow_mut().parse_stmt(attrs);
         self.ensure_complete_parse(true);