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-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs1861
1 files changed, 1861 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8206bfd2a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1861 @@
+import parse::classify::*;
+import parse::comments;
+import parse::lexer;
+import codemap::codemap;
+import pp::{break_offset, word, printer,
+            space, zerobreak, hardbreak, breaks, consistent,
+            inconsistent, eof};
+import diagnostic;
+import ast_util::operator_prec;
+import dvec::{dvec, extensions};
+
+// The ps is stored here to prevent recursive type.
+enum ann_node {
+    node_block(ps, ast::blk),
+    node_item(ps, @ast::item),
+    node_expr(ps, @ast::expr),
+    node_pat(ps, @ast::pat),
+}
+type pp_ann = {pre: fn@(ann_node), post: fn@(ann_node)};
+
+fn no_ann() -> pp_ann {
+    fn ignore(_node: ann_node) { }
+    ret {pre: ignore, post: ignore};
+}
+
+type ps =
+    @{s: pp::printer,
+      cm: option<codemap>,
+      comments: option<[comments::cmnt]>,
+      literals: option<[comments::lit]>,
+      mut cur_cmnt: uint,
+      mut cur_lit: uint,
+      boxes: dvec<pp::breaks>,
+      ann: pp_ann};
+
+fn ibox(s: ps, u: uint) {
+    s.boxes.push(pp::inconsistent);
+    pp::ibox(s.s, u);
+}
+
+fn end(s: ps) {
+    s.boxes.pop();
+    pp::end(s.s);
+}
+
+fn rust_printer(writer: io::writer) -> ps {
+    ret @{s: pp::mk_printer(writer, default_columns),
+          cm: none::<codemap>,
+          comments: none::<[comments::cmnt]>,
+          literals: none::<[comments::lit]>,
+          mut cur_cmnt: 0u,
+          mut cur_lit: 0u,
+          boxes: dvec(),
+          ann: no_ann()};
+}
+
+const indent_unit: uint = 4u;
+const alt_indent_unit: uint = 2u;
+
+const default_columns: uint = 78u;
+
+// Requires you to pass an input filename and reader so that
+// it can scan the input text for comments and literals to
+// copy forward.
+fn print_crate(cm: codemap, span_diagnostic: diagnostic::span_handler,
+               crate: @ast::crate, filename: str, in: io::reader,
+               out: io::writer, ann: pp_ann) {
+    let r = comments::gather_comments_and_literals(span_diagnostic,
+                                                   filename, in);
+    let s =
+        @{s: pp::mk_printer(out, default_columns),
+          cm: some(cm),
+          comments: some(r.cmnts),
+          literals: some(r.lits),
+          mut cur_cmnt: 0u,
+          mut cur_lit: 0u,
+          boxes: dvec(),
+          ann: ann};
+    print_crate_(s, crate);
+}
+
+fn print_crate_(s: ps, &&crate: @ast::crate) {
+    print_mod(s, crate.node.module, crate.node.attrs);
+    print_remaining_comments(s);
+    eof(s.s);
+}
+
+fn ty_to_str(ty: @ast::ty) -> str { ret to_str(ty, print_type); }
+
+fn pat_to_str(pat: @ast::pat) -> str { ret to_str(pat, print_pat); }
+
+fn expr_to_str(e: @ast::expr) -> str { ret to_str(e, print_expr); }
+
+fn stmt_to_str(s: ast::stmt) -> str { ret to_str(s, print_stmt); }
+
+fn item_to_str(i: @ast::item) -> str { ret to_str(i, print_item); }
+
+fn attr_to_str(i: ast::attribute) -> str { ret to_str(i, print_attribute); }
+
+fn typarams_to_str(tps: [ast::ty_param]) -> str {
+    ret to_str(tps, print_type_params)
+}
+
+fn path_to_str(&&p: @ast::path) -> str {
+    ret to_str(p, bind print_path(_, _, false));
+}
+
+fn fun_to_str(decl: ast::fn_decl, name: ast::ident,
+              params: [ast::ty_param]) -> str {
+    let buffer = io::mem_buffer();
+    let s = rust_printer(io::mem_buffer_writer(buffer));
+    print_fn(s, decl, name, params);
+    end(s); // Close the head box
+    end(s); // Close the outer box
+    eof(s.s);
+    io::mem_buffer_str(buffer)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fun_to_str() {
+    let decl: ast::fn_decl = {
+        inputs: [],
+        output: @{id: 0,
+                  node: ast::ty_nil,
+                  span: ast_util::dummy_sp()},
+        purity: ast::impure_fn,
+        cf: ast::return_val,
+        constraints: []
+    };
+    assert fun_to_str(decl, "a", []) == "fn a()";
+}
+
+fn res_to_str(decl: ast::fn_decl, name: ast::ident,
+              params: [ast::ty_param], rp: ast::region_param) -> str {
+    let buffer = io::mem_buffer();
+    let s = rust_printer(io::mem_buffer_writer(buffer));
+    print_res(s, decl, name, params, rp);
+    end(s); // Close the head box
+    end(s); // Close the outer box
+    eof(s.s);
+    io::mem_buffer_str(buffer)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_res_to_str() {
+    let decl: ast::fn_decl = {
+        inputs: [{
+            mode: ast::expl(ast::by_val),
+            ty: @{id: 0,
+                  node: ast::ty_nil,
+                  span: ast_util::dummy_sp()},
+            ident: "b",
+            id: 0
+        }],
+        output: @{id: 0,
+                  node: ast::ty_nil,
+                  span: ast_util::dummy_sp()},
+        purity: ast::impure_fn,
+        cf: ast::return_val,
+        constraints: []
+    };
+    assert res_to_str(decl, "a", []) == "resource a(b: ())";
+}
+
+fn block_to_str(blk: ast::blk) -> str {
+    let buffer = io::mem_buffer();
+    let s = rust_printer(io::mem_buffer_writer(buffer));
+    // containing cbox, will be closed by print-block at }
+    cbox(s, indent_unit);
+    // head-ibox, will be closed by print-block after {
+    ibox(s, 0u);
+    print_block(s, blk);
+    eof(s.s);
+    io::mem_buffer_str(buffer)
+}
+
+fn meta_item_to_str(mi: ast::meta_item) -> str {
+    ret to_str(@mi, print_meta_item);
+}
+
+fn attribute_to_str(attr: ast::attribute) -> str {
+    ret to_str(attr, print_attribute);
+}
+
+fn variant_to_str(var: ast::variant) -> str {
+    ret to_str(var, print_variant);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_variant_to_str() {
+    let var = ast_util::respan(ast_util::dummy_sp(), {
+        name: "principle_skinner",
+        attrs: [],
+        args: [],
+        id: 0,
+        disr_expr: none
+    });
+
+    let varstr = variant_to_str(var);
+    assert varstr == "principle_skinner";
+}
+
+fn cbox(s: ps, u: uint) {
+    s.boxes.push(pp::consistent);
+    pp::cbox(s.s, u);
+}
+
+fn box(s: ps, u: uint, b: pp::breaks) {
+    s.boxes.push(b);
+    pp::box(s.s, u, b);
+}
+
+fn nbsp(s: ps) { word(s.s, " "); }
+
+fn word_nbsp(s: ps, w: str) { word(s.s, w); nbsp(s); }
+
+fn word_space(s: ps, w: str) { word(s.s, w); space(s.s); }
+
+fn popen(s: ps) { word(s.s, "("); }
+
+fn pclose(s: ps) { word(s.s, ")"); }
+
+fn head(s: ps, w: str) {
+    // outer-box is consistent
+    cbox(s, indent_unit);
+    // head-box is inconsistent
+    ibox(s, str::len(w) + 1u);
+    // keyword that starts the head
+    word_nbsp(s, w);
+}
+
+fn bopen(s: ps) {
+    word(s.s, "{");
+    end(s); // close the head-box
+}
+
+fn bclose_(s: ps, span: codemap::span, indented: uint) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, span.hi);
+    break_offset_if_not_bol(s, 1u, -(indented as int));
+    word(s.s, "}");
+    end(s); // close the outer-box
+}
+fn bclose(s: ps, span: codemap::span) { bclose_(s, span, indent_unit); }
+
+fn is_begin(s: ps) -> bool {
+    alt s.s.last_token() { pp::BEGIN(_) { true } _ { false } }
+}
+
+fn is_end(s: ps) -> bool {
+    alt s.s.last_token() { pp::END { true } _ { false } }
+}
+
+fn is_bol(s: ps) -> bool {
+    ret s.s.last_token() == pp::EOF ||
+            s.s.last_token() == pp::hardbreak_tok();
+}
+
+fn in_cbox(s: ps) -> bool {
+    let len = s.boxes.len();
+    if len == 0u { ret false; }
+    ret s.boxes[len - 1u] == pp::consistent;
+}
+
+fn hardbreak_if_not_bol(s: ps) { if !is_bol(s) { hardbreak(s.s); } }
+fn space_if_not_bol(s: ps) { if !is_bol(s) { space(s.s); } }
+fn break_offset_if_not_bol(s: ps, n: uint, off: int) {
+    if !is_bol(s) {
+        break_offset(s.s, n, off);
+    } else {
+        if off != 0 && s.s.last_token() == pp::hardbreak_tok() {
+            // We do something pretty sketchy here: tuck the nonzero
+            // offset-adjustment we were going to deposit along with the
+            // break into the previous hardbreak.
+            s.s.replace_last_token(pp::hardbreak_tok_offset(off));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Synthesizes a comment that was not textually present in the original source
+// file.
+fn synth_comment(s: ps, text: str) {
+    word(s.s, "/*");
+    space(s.s);
+    word(s.s, text);
+    space(s.s);
+    word(s.s, "*/");
+}
+
+fn commasep<IN>(s: ps, b: breaks, elts: [IN], op: fn(ps, IN)) {
+    box(s, 0u, b);
+    let mut first = true;
+    for elts.each {|elt|
+        if first { first = false; } else { word_space(s, ","); }
+        op(s, elt);
+    }
+    end(s);
+}
+
+
+fn commasep_cmnt<IN>(s: ps, b: breaks, elts: [IN], op: fn(ps, IN),
+                     get_span: fn(IN) -> codemap::span) {
+    box(s, 0u, b);
+    let len = vec::len::<IN>(elts);
+    let mut i = 0u;
+    for elts.each {|elt|
+        maybe_print_comment(s, get_span(elt).hi);
+        op(s, elt);
+        i += 1u;
+        if i < len {
+            word(s.s, ",");
+            maybe_print_trailing_comment(s, get_span(elt),
+                                         some(get_span(elts[i]).hi));
+            space_if_not_bol(s);
+        }
+    }
+    end(s);
+}
+
+fn commasep_exprs(s: ps, b: breaks, exprs: [@ast::expr]) {
+    fn expr_span(&&expr: @ast::expr) -> codemap::span { ret expr.span; }
+    commasep_cmnt(s, b, exprs, print_expr, expr_span);
+}
+
+fn print_mod(s: ps, _mod: ast::_mod, attrs: [ast::attribute]) {
+    print_inner_attributes(s, attrs);
+    for _mod.view_items.each {|vitem|
+        print_view_item(s, vitem);
+    }
+    for _mod.items.each {|item| print_item(s, item); }
+}
+
+fn print_native_mod(s: ps, nmod: ast::native_mod, attrs: [ast::attribute]) {
+    print_inner_attributes(s, attrs);
+    for nmod.view_items.each {|vitem|
+        print_view_item(s, vitem);
+    }
+    for nmod.items.each {|item| print_native_item(s, item); }
+}
+
+fn print_region(s: ps, region: @ast::region) {
+    alt region.node {
+      ast::re_anon { word_space(s, "&"); }
+      ast::re_named(name) {
+        word(s.s, "&");
+        word_space(s, name);
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_type(s: ps, &&ty: @ast::ty) {
+    print_type_ex(s, ty, false);
+}
+
+fn print_type_ex(s: ps, &&ty: @ast::ty, print_colons: bool) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, ty.span.lo);
+    ibox(s, 0u);
+    alt ty.node {
+      ast::ty_nil { word(s.s, "()"); }
+      ast::ty_bot { word(s.s, "!"); }
+      ast::ty_box(mt) { word(s.s, "@"); print_mt(s, mt); }
+      ast::ty_uniq(mt) { word(s.s, "~"); print_mt(s, mt); }
+      ast::ty_vec(mt) {
+        word(s.s, "[");
+        alt mt.mutbl {
+          ast::m_mutbl { word_space(s, "mut"); }
+          ast::m_const { word_space(s, "const"); }
+          ast::m_imm { }
+        }
+        print_type(s, mt.ty);
+        word(s.s, "]");
+      }
+      ast::ty_ptr(mt) { word(s.s, "*"); print_mt(s, mt); }
+      ast::ty_rptr(region, mt) {
+        alt region.node {
+          ast::re_anon { word(s.s, "&"); }
+          _ { print_region(s, region); word(s.s, "."); }
+        }
+        print_mt(s, mt);
+      }
+      ast::ty_rec(fields) {
+        word(s.s, "{");
+        fn print_field(s: ps, f: ast::ty_field) {
+            cbox(s, indent_unit);
+            print_mutability(s, f.node.mt.mutbl);
+            word(s.s, f.node.ident);
+            word_space(s, ":");
+            print_type(s, f.node.mt.ty);
+            end(s);
+        }
+        fn get_span(f: ast::ty_field) -> codemap::span { ret f.span; }
+        commasep_cmnt(s, consistent, fields, print_field, get_span);
+        word(s.s, ",}");
+      }
+      ast::ty_tup(elts) {
+        popen(s);
+        commasep(s, inconsistent, elts, print_type);
+        pclose(s);
+      }
+      ast::ty_fn(proto, d) {
+        print_ty_fn(s, some(proto), d, none, none);
+      }
+      ast::ty_path(path, _) { print_path(s, path, print_colons); }
+      ast::ty_constr(t, cs) {
+        print_type(s, t);
+        space(s.s);
+        word(s.s, constrs_str(cs, ty_constr_to_str));
+      }
+      ast::ty_vstore(t, v) {
+        print_type(s, t);
+        print_vstore(s, v);
+      }
+      ast::ty_mac(_) {
+          fail "print_type doesn't know how to print a ty_mac";
+      }
+      ast::ty_infer {
+          fail "print_type shouldn't see a ty_infer";
+      }
+
+    }
+    end(s);
+}
+
+fn print_native_item(s: ps, item: @ast::native_item) {
+    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, item.span.lo);
+    print_outer_attributes(s, item.attrs);
+    alt item.node {
+      ast::native_item_fn(decl, typarams) {
+        print_fn(s, decl, item.ident, typarams);
+        end(s); // end head-ibox
+        word(s.s, ";");
+        end(s); // end the outer fn box
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_item(s: ps, &&item: @ast::item) {
+    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, item.span.lo);
+    print_outer_attributes(s, item.attrs);
+    let ann_node = node_item(s, item);
+    s.ann.pre(ann_node);
+    alt item.node {
+      ast::item_const(ty, expr) {
+        head(s, "const");
+        word_space(s, item.ident + ":");
+        print_type(s, ty);
+        space(s.s);
+        end(s); // end the head-ibox
+
+        word_space(s, "=");
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+        word(s.s, ";");
+        end(s); // end the outer cbox
+
+      }
+      ast::item_fn(decl, typarams, body) {
+        print_fn(s, decl, item.ident, typarams);
+        word(s.s, " ");
+        print_block_with_attrs(s, body, item.attrs);
+      }
+      ast::item_mod(_mod) {
+        head(s, "mod");
+        word_nbsp(s, item.ident);
+        bopen(s);
+        print_mod(s, _mod, item.attrs);
+        bclose(s, item.span);
+      }
+      ast::item_native_mod(nmod) {
+        head(s, "native");
+        word_nbsp(s, "mod");
+        word_nbsp(s, item.ident);
+        bopen(s);
+        print_native_mod(s, nmod, item.attrs);
+        bclose(s, item.span);
+      }
+      ast::item_ty(ty, params, rp) {
+        ibox(s, indent_unit);
+        ibox(s, 0u);
+        word_nbsp(s, "type");
+        word(s.s, item.ident);
+        print_region_param(s, rp);
+        print_type_params(s, params);
+        end(s); // end the inner ibox
+
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "=");
+        print_type(s, ty);
+        word(s.s, ";");
+        end(s); // end the outer ibox
+      }
+      ast::item_enum(variants, params, rp) {
+        let newtype =
+            vec::len(variants) == 1u &&
+                str::eq(item.ident, variants[0].node.name) &&
+                vec::len(variants[0].node.args) == 1u;
+        if newtype {
+            ibox(s, indent_unit);
+            word_space(s, "enum");
+        } else { head(s, "enum"); }
+        word(s.s, item.ident);
+        print_region_param(s, rp);
+        print_type_params(s, params);
+        space(s.s);
+        if newtype {
+            word_space(s, "=");
+            print_type(s, variants[0].node.args[0].ty);
+            word(s.s, ";");
+            end(s);
+        } else {
+            bopen(s);
+            for variants.each {|v|
+                space_if_not_bol(s);
+                maybe_print_comment(s, v.span.lo);
+                print_outer_attributes(s, v.node.attrs);
+                ibox(s, indent_unit);
+                print_variant(s, v);
+                word(s.s, ",");
+                end(s);
+                maybe_print_trailing_comment(s, v.span, none::<uint>);
+            }
+            bclose(s, item.span);
+        }
+      }
+      ast::item_class(tps, ifaces, items, ctor, m_dtor, rp) {
+          head(s, "class");
+          word_nbsp(s, item.ident);
+          print_region_param(s, rp);
+          print_type_params(s, tps);
+          word_space(s, "implements");
+          commasep(s, inconsistent, ifaces, {|s, p|
+                      print_path(s, p.path, false)});
+          bopen(s);
+          hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+          maybe_print_comment(s, ctor.span.lo);
+          head(s, "new");
+          print_fn_args_and_ret(s, ctor.node.dec, []);
+          space(s.s);
+          print_block(s, ctor.node.body);
+          option::iter(m_dtor) {|dtor|
+            hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+            head(s, "drop");
+            print_block(s, dtor.node.body);
+          }
+          for items.each {|ci|
+                  /*
+                     FIXME: collect all private items and print them
+                     in a single "priv" section
+
+                     tjc: I'm not going to fix this yet b/c we might
+                     change how exports work, including for class items
+                     (see #1893)
+                   */
+             hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+             maybe_print_comment(s, ci.span.lo);
+             let pr = ast_util::class_member_visibility(ci);
+             alt pr {
+                ast::private {
+                    head(s, "priv");
+                    bopen(s);
+                    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+                }
+                _ {}
+             }
+             alt ci.node {
+                ast::instance_var(nm, t, mt, _,_) {
+                    word_nbsp(s, "let");
+                    alt mt {
+                      ast::class_mutable { word_nbsp(s, "mut"); }
+                      _ {}
+                    }
+                    word(s.s, nm);
+                    word_nbsp(s, ":");
+                    print_type(s, t);
+                    word(s.s, ";");
+                }
+                ast::class_method(m) {
+                    print_method(s, m);
+                }
+             }
+             alt pr {
+                 ast::private { bclose(s, ci.span); }
+                 _ {}
+             }
+          }
+          bclose(s, item.span);
+       }
+      ast::item_impl(tps, rp, ifce, ty, methods) {
+        head(s, "impl");
+        word(s.s, item.ident);
+        print_region_param(s, rp);
+        print_type_params(s, tps);
+        space(s.s);
+        option::iter(ifce, {|p|
+            word_nbsp(s, "of");
+            print_path(s, p.path, false);
+            space(s.s);
+            });
+        word_nbsp(s, "for");
+        print_type(s, ty);
+        space(s.s);
+        bopen(s);
+        for methods.each {|meth|
+           print_method(s, meth);
+        }
+        bclose(s, item.span);
+      }
+      ast::item_iface(tps, rp, methods) {
+        head(s, "iface");
+        word(s.s, item.ident);
+        print_region_param(s, rp);
+        print_type_params(s, tps);
+        word(s.s, " ");
+        bopen(s);
+        for methods.each {|meth| print_ty_method(s, meth); }
+        bclose(s, item.span);
+      }
+      ast::item_res(decl, tps, body, dt_id, ct_id, rp) {
+        print_res(s, decl, item.ident, tps, rp);
+        print_block(s, body);
+      }
+    }
+    s.ann.post(ann_node);
+}
+
+fn print_res(s: ps, decl: ast::fn_decl, name: ast::ident,
+             typarams: [ast::ty_param], rp: ast::region_param) {
+    head(s, "resource");
+    word(s.s, name);
+    print_region_param(s, rp);
+    print_type_params(s, typarams);
+    popen(s);
+    word_space(s, decl.inputs[0].ident + ":");
+    print_type(s, decl.inputs[0].ty);
+    pclose(s);
+    space(s.s);
+}
+
+fn print_variant(s: ps, v: ast::variant) {
+    word(s.s, v.node.name);
+    if vec::len(v.node.args) > 0u {
+        popen(s);
+        fn print_variant_arg(s: ps, arg: ast::variant_arg) {
+            print_type(s, arg.ty);
+        }
+        commasep(s, consistent, v.node.args, print_variant_arg);
+        pclose(s);
+    }
+    alt v.node.disr_expr {
+      some(d) {
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "=");
+        print_expr(s, d);
+      }
+      _ {}
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_ty_method(s: ps, m: ast::ty_method) {
+    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, m.span.lo);
+    print_outer_attributes(s, m.attrs);
+    print_ty_fn(s, none, m.decl, some(m.ident), some(m.tps));
+    word(s.s, ";");
+}
+
+fn print_method(s: ps, meth: @ast::method) {
+    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, meth.span.lo);
+    print_outer_attributes(s, meth.attrs);
+    print_fn(s, meth.decl, meth.ident, meth.tps);
+    word(s.s, " ");
+    print_block_with_attrs(s, meth.body, meth.attrs);
+}
+
+fn print_outer_attributes(s: ps, attrs: [ast::attribute]) {
+    let mut count = 0;
+    for attrs.each {|attr|
+        alt attr.node.style {
+          ast::attr_outer { print_attribute(s, attr); count += 1; }
+          _ {/* fallthrough */ }
+        }
+    }
+    if count > 0 { hardbreak_if_not_bol(s); }
+}
+
+fn print_inner_attributes(s: ps, attrs: [ast::attribute]) {
+    let mut count = 0;
+    for attrs.each {|attr|
+        alt attr.node.style {
+          ast::attr_inner {
+            print_attribute(s, attr);
+            word(s.s, ";");
+            count += 1;
+          }
+          _ {/* fallthrough */ }
+        }
+    }
+    if count > 0 { hardbreak_if_not_bol(s); }
+}
+
+fn print_attribute(s: ps, attr: ast::attribute) {
+    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, attr.span.lo);
+    word(s.s, "#[");
+    print_meta_item(s, @attr.node.value);
+    word(s.s, "]");
+}
+
+
+fn print_stmt(s: ps, st: ast::stmt) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, st.span.lo);
+    alt st.node {
+      ast::stmt_decl(decl, _) {
+        print_decl(s, decl);
+      }
+      ast::stmt_expr(expr, _) {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+      }
+      ast::stmt_semi(expr, _) {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+        word(s.s, ";");
+      }
+    }
+    if parse::classify::stmt_ends_with_semi(st) { word(s.s, ";"); }
+    maybe_print_trailing_comment(s, st.span, none::<uint>);
+}
+
+fn print_block(s: ps, blk: ast::blk) {
+    print_possibly_embedded_block(s, blk, block_normal, indent_unit);
+}
+
+fn print_block_with_attrs(s: ps, blk: ast::blk, attrs: [ast::attribute]) {
+    print_possibly_embedded_block_(s, blk, block_normal, indent_unit, attrs);
+}
+
+enum embed_type { block_macro, block_block_fn, block_normal, }
+
+fn print_possibly_embedded_block(s: ps, blk: ast::blk, embedded: embed_type,
+                                 indented: uint) {
+    print_possibly_embedded_block_(
+        s, blk, embedded, indented, []);
+}
+
+fn print_possibly_embedded_block_(s: ps, blk: ast::blk, embedded: embed_type,
+                                  indented: uint, attrs: [ast::attribute]) {
+    alt blk.node.rules {
+      ast::unchecked_blk { word(s.s, "unchecked"); }
+      ast::unsafe_blk { word(s.s, "unsafe"); }
+      ast::default_blk { }
+    }
+    maybe_print_comment(s, blk.span.lo);
+    let ann_node = node_block(s, blk);
+    s.ann.pre(ann_node);
+    alt embedded {
+      block_macro { word(s.s, "#{"); end(s); }
+      block_block_fn { end(s); }
+      block_normal { bopen(s); }
+    }
+
+    print_inner_attributes(s, attrs);
+
+    for blk.node.view_items.each {|vi| print_view_item(s, vi); }
+    for blk.node.stmts.each {|st|
+        print_stmt(s, *st);
+    }
+    alt blk.node.expr {
+      some(expr) {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+        maybe_print_trailing_comment(s, expr.span, some(blk.span.hi));
+      }
+      _ { }
+    }
+    bclose_(s, blk.span, indented);
+    s.ann.post(ann_node);
+}
+
+// ret and fail, without arguments cannot appear is the discriminant of if,
+// alt, do, & while unambiguously without being parenthesized
+fn print_maybe_parens_discrim(s: ps, e: @ast::expr) {
+    let disambig = alt e.node {
+      ast::expr_ret(none) | ast::expr_fail(none) { true }
+      _ { false }
+    };
+    if disambig { popen(s); }
+    print_expr(s, e);
+    if disambig { pclose(s); }
+}
+
+fn print_if(s: ps, test: @ast::expr, blk: ast::blk,
+            elseopt: option<@ast::expr>, chk: bool) {
+    head(s, "if");
+    if chk { word_nbsp(s, "check"); }
+    print_maybe_parens_discrim(s, test);
+    space(s.s);
+    print_block(s, blk);
+    fn do_else(s: ps, els: option<@ast::expr>) {
+        alt els {
+          some(_else) {
+            alt _else.node {
+              // "another else-if"
+              ast::expr_if(i, t, e) {
+                cbox(s, indent_unit - 1u);
+                ibox(s, 0u);
+                word(s.s, " else if ");
+                print_maybe_parens_discrim(s, i);
+                space(s.s);
+                print_block(s, t);
+                do_else(s, e);
+              }
+              // "final else"
+              ast::expr_block(b) {
+                cbox(s, indent_unit - 1u);
+                ibox(s, 0u);
+                word(s.s, " else ");
+                print_block(s, b);
+              }
+              // BLEAH, constraints would be great here
+              _ {
+                  fail "print_if saw if with weird alternative";
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          _ {/* fall through */ }
+        }
+    }
+    do_else(s, elseopt);
+}
+
+fn print_mac(s: ps, m: ast::mac) {
+    alt m.node {
+      ast::mac_invoc(path, arg, body) {
+        word(s.s, "#");
+        print_path(s, path, false);
+        alt arg {
+          some(@{node: ast::expr_vec(_, _), _}) { }
+          _ { word(s.s, " "); }
+        }
+        option::iter(arg, bind print_expr(s, _));
+        // FIXME: extension 'body' (#2339)
+      }
+      ast::mac_embed_type(ty) {
+        word(s.s, "#<");
+        print_type(s, ty);
+        word(s.s, ">");
+      }
+      ast::mac_embed_block(blk) {
+        print_possibly_embedded_block(s, blk, block_normal, indent_unit);
+      }
+      ast::mac_ellipsis { word(s.s, "..."); }
+      ast::mac_var(v) { word(s.s, #fmt("$%u", v)); }
+      _ { /* fixme */ }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_vstore(s: ps, t: ast::vstore) {
+    alt t {
+      ast::vstore_fixed(some(i)) { word_space(s, #fmt("/%u", i)); }
+      ast::vstore_fixed(none) { word_space(s, "/_"); }
+      ast::vstore_uniq { word_space(s, "/~"); }
+      ast::vstore_box { word_space(s, "/@"); }
+      ast::vstore_slice(r) { word(s.s, "/"); print_region(s, r); }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_expr(s: ps, &&expr: @ast::expr) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, expr.span.lo);
+    ibox(s, indent_unit);
+    let ann_node = node_expr(s, expr);
+    s.ann.pre(ann_node);
+    alt expr.node {
+      ast::expr_vstore(e, v) {
+        print_expr(s, e);
+        print_vstore(s, v);
+      }
+      ast::expr_vec(exprs, mutbl) {
+        ibox(s, indent_unit);
+        word(s.s, "[");
+        if mutbl == ast::m_mutbl {
+            word(s.s, "mut");
+            if vec::len(exprs) > 0u { nbsp(s); }
+        }
+        commasep_exprs(s, inconsistent, exprs);
+        word(s.s, "]");
+        end(s);
+      }
+      ast::expr_rec(fields, wth) {
+        fn print_field(s: ps, field: ast::field) {
+            ibox(s, indent_unit);
+            if field.node.mutbl == ast::m_mutbl { word_nbsp(s, "mut"); }
+            word(s.s, field.node.ident);
+            word_space(s, ":");
+            print_expr(s, field.node.expr);
+            end(s);
+        }
+        fn get_span(field: ast::field) -> codemap::span { ret field.span; }
+        word(s.s, "{");
+        commasep_cmnt(s, consistent, fields, print_field, get_span);
+        alt wth {
+          some(expr) {
+            if vec::len(fields) > 0u { space(s.s); }
+            ibox(s, indent_unit);
+            word_space(s, "with");
+            print_expr(s, expr);
+            end(s);
+          }
+          _ { word(s.s, ","); }
+        }
+        word(s.s, "}");
+      }
+      ast::expr_tup(exprs) {
+        popen(s);
+        commasep_exprs(s, inconsistent, exprs);
+        pclose(s);
+      }
+      ast::expr_call(func, args, has_block) {
+        let mut base_args = args;
+        let blk = if has_block {
+            let blk_arg = vec::pop(base_args);
+            alt blk_arg.node {
+              ast::expr_loop_body(_) { word_nbsp(s, "for"); }
+              _ {}
+            }
+            some(blk_arg)
+        } else { none };
+        print_expr_parens_if_not_bot(s, func);
+        if !has_block || vec::len(base_args) > 0u {
+            popen(s);
+            commasep_exprs(s, inconsistent, base_args);
+            pclose(s);
+        }
+        if has_block {
+            nbsp(s);
+            print_expr(s, option::get(blk));
+        }
+      }
+      ast::expr_bind(func, args) {
+        fn print_opt(s: ps, expr: option<@ast::expr>) {
+            alt expr {
+              some(expr) { print_expr(s, expr); }
+              _ { word(s.s, "_"); }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // "bind" keyword is only needed if there are no "_" arguments.
+        if !vec::any(args) {|arg| option::is_none(arg) } {
+            word_nbsp(s, "bind");
+        }
+
+        print_expr(s, func);
+        popen(s);
+        commasep(s, inconsistent, args, print_opt);
+        pclose(s);
+      }
+      ast::expr_binary(op, lhs, rhs) {
+        let prec = operator_prec(op);
+        print_op_maybe_parens(s, lhs, prec);
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, ast_util::binop_to_str(op));
+        print_op_maybe_parens(s, rhs, prec + 1u);
+      }
+      ast::expr_unary(op, expr) {
+        word(s.s, ast_util::unop_to_str(op));
+        print_op_maybe_parens(s, expr, parse::prec::unop_prec);
+      }
+      ast::expr_addr_of(m, expr) {
+        word(s.s, "&");
+        print_mutability(s, m);
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+      }
+      ast::expr_lit(lit) { print_literal(s, lit); }
+      ast::expr_cast(expr, ty) {
+        print_op_maybe_parens(s, expr, parse::prec::as_prec);
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "as");
+        print_type_ex(s, ty, true);
+      }
+      ast::expr_if(test, blk, elseopt) {
+        print_if(s, test, blk, elseopt, false);
+      }
+      ast::expr_if_check(test, blk, elseopt) {
+        print_if(s, test, blk, elseopt, true);
+      }
+      ast::expr_while(test, blk) {
+        head(s, "while");
+        print_maybe_parens_discrim(s, test);
+        space(s.s);
+        print_block(s, blk);
+      }
+      ast::expr_loop(blk) {
+        head(s, "loop");
+        space(s.s);
+        print_block(s, blk);
+      }
+      ast::expr_alt(expr, arms, mode) {
+        cbox(s, alt_indent_unit);
+        ibox(s, 4u);
+        word_nbsp(s, "alt");
+        if mode == ast::alt_check { word_nbsp(s, "check"); }
+        print_maybe_parens_discrim(s, expr);
+        space(s.s);
+        bopen(s);
+        for arms.each {|arm|
+            space(s.s);
+            cbox(s, alt_indent_unit);
+            ibox(s, 0u);
+            let mut first = true;
+            for arm.pats.each {|p|
+                if first {
+                    first = false;
+                } else { space(s.s); word_space(s, "|"); }
+                print_pat(s, p);
+            }
+            space(s.s);
+            alt arm.guard {
+              some(e) { word_space(s, "if"); print_expr(s, e); space(s.s); }
+              none { }
+            }
+            print_possibly_embedded_block(s, arm.body, block_normal,
+                                          alt_indent_unit);
+        }
+        bclose_(s, expr.span, alt_indent_unit);
+      }
+      ast::expr_fn(proto, decl, body, cap_clause) {
+        // containing cbox, will be closed by print-block at }
+        cbox(s, indent_unit);
+        // head-box, will be closed by print-block at start
+        ibox(s, 0u);
+        print_purity(s, decl.purity);
+        word(s.s, proto_to_str(proto));
+        print_fn_args_and_ret(s, decl, *cap_clause);
+        space(s.s);
+        print_block(s, body);
+      }
+      ast::expr_fn_block(decl, body, cap_clause) {
+        // containing cbox, will be closed by print-block at }
+        cbox(s, indent_unit);
+        // head-box, will be closed by print-block at start
+        ibox(s, 0u);
+        word(s.s, "{");
+        print_fn_block_args(s, decl, *cap_clause);
+        print_possibly_embedded_block(s, body, block_block_fn, indent_unit);
+      }
+      ast::expr_loop_body(body) {
+        print_expr(s, body);
+      }
+      ast::expr_block(blk) {
+        // containing cbox, will be closed by print-block at }
+        cbox(s, indent_unit);
+        // head-box, will be closed by print-block after {
+        ibox(s, 0u);
+        print_block(s, blk);
+      }
+      ast::expr_copy(e) { word_space(s, "copy"); print_expr(s, e); }
+      ast::expr_move(lhs, rhs) {
+        print_expr(s, lhs);
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "<-");
+        print_expr(s, rhs);
+      }
+      ast::expr_assign(lhs, rhs) {
+        print_expr(s, lhs);
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "=");
+        print_expr(s, rhs);
+      }
+      ast::expr_swap(lhs, rhs) {
+        print_expr(s, lhs);
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "<->");
+        print_expr(s, rhs);
+      }
+      ast::expr_assign_op(op, lhs, rhs) {
+        print_expr(s, lhs);
+        space(s.s);
+        word(s.s, ast_util::binop_to_str(op));
+        word_space(s, "=");
+        print_expr(s, rhs);
+      }
+      ast::expr_field(expr, id, tys) {
+        // Deal with '10.x'
+        if ends_in_lit_int(expr) {
+            popen(s); print_expr(s, expr); pclose(s);
+        } else {
+            print_expr_parens_if_not_bot(s, expr);
+        }
+        word(s.s, ".");
+        word(s.s, id);
+        if vec::len(tys) > 0u {
+            word(s.s, "::<");
+            commasep(s, inconsistent, tys, print_type);
+            word(s.s, ">");
+        }
+      }
+      ast::expr_index(expr, index) {
+        print_expr_parens_if_not_bot(s, expr);
+        word(s.s, "[");
+        print_expr(s, index);
+        word(s.s, "]");
+      }
+      ast::expr_path(path) { print_path(s, path, true); }
+      ast::expr_fail(maybe_fail_val) {
+        word(s.s, "fail");
+        alt maybe_fail_val {
+          some(expr) { word(s.s, " "); print_expr(s, expr); }
+          _ { }
+        }
+      }
+      ast::expr_break { word(s.s, "break"); }
+      ast::expr_cont { word(s.s, "cont"); }
+      ast::expr_ret(result) {
+        word(s.s, "ret");
+        alt result {
+          some(expr) { word(s.s, " "); print_expr(s, expr); }
+          _ { }
+        }
+      }
+      ast::expr_log(lvl, lexp, expr) {
+        alt check lvl {
+          1 { word_nbsp(s, "log"); print_expr(s, expr); }
+          0 { word_nbsp(s, "log_err"); print_expr(s, expr); }
+          2 {
+            word_nbsp(s, "log");
+            popen(s);
+            print_expr(s, lexp);
+            word(s.s, ",");
+            space_if_not_bol(s);
+            print_expr(s, expr);
+            pclose(s);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      ast::expr_check(m, expr) {
+        alt m {
+          ast::claimed_expr { word_nbsp(s, "claim"); }
+          ast::checked_expr { word_nbsp(s, "check"); }
+        }
+        popen(s);
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+        pclose(s);
+      }
+      ast::expr_assert(expr) {
+        word_nbsp(s, "assert");
+        print_expr(s, expr);
+      }
+      ast::expr_new(p, _, v) {
+        word_nbsp(s, "new");
+        popen(s);
+        print_expr(s, p);
+        pclose(s);
+        print_expr(s, v);
+      }
+      ast::expr_mac(m) { print_mac(s, m); }
+    }
+    s.ann.post(ann_node);
+    end(s);
+}
+
+fn print_expr_parens_if_not_bot(s: ps, ex: @ast::expr) {
+    let parens = alt ex.node {
+      ast::expr_fail(_) | ast::expr_ret(_) |
+      ast::expr_binary(_, _, _) | ast::expr_unary(_, _) |
+      ast::expr_move(_, _) | ast::expr_copy(_) |
+      ast::expr_assign(_, _) |
+      ast::expr_assign_op(_, _, _) | ast::expr_swap(_, _) |
+      ast::expr_log(_, _, _) | ast::expr_assert(_) |
+      ast::expr_call(_, _, true) |
+      ast::expr_check(_, _) { true }
+      _ { false }
+    };
+    if parens { popen(s); }
+    print_expr(s, ex);
+    if parens { pclose(s); }
+}
+
+fn print_local_decl(s: ps, loc: @ast::local) {
+    print_pat(s, loc.node.pat);
+    alt loc.node.ty.node {
+      ast::ty_infer { }
+      _ { word_space(s, ":"); print_type(s, loc.node.ty); }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_decl(s: ps, decl: @ast::decl) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, decl.span.lo);
+    alt decl.node {
+      ast::decl_local(locs) {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        ibox(s, indent_unit);
+        word_nbsp(s, "let");
+
+        // if any are mut, all are mut
+        if vec::any(locs) {|l| l.node.is_mutbl } {
+            assert vec::all(locs) {|l| l.node.is_mutbl };
+            word_nbsp(s, "mut");
+        }
+
+        fn print_local(s: ps, &&loc: @ast::local) {
+            ibox(s, indent_unit);
+            print_local_decl(s, loc);
+            end(s);
+            alt loc.node.init {
+              some(init) {
+                nbsp(s);
+                alt init.op {
+                  ast::init_assign { word_space(s, "="); }
+                  ast::init_move { word_space(s, "<-"); }
+                }
+                print_expr(s, init.expr);
+              }
+              _ { }
+            }
+        }
+        commasep(s, consistent, locs, print_local);
+        end(s);
+      }
+      ast::decl_item(item) { print_item(s, item); }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_ident(s: ps, ident: ast::ident) { word(s.s, ident); }
+
+fn print_for_decl(s: ps, loc: @ast::local, coll: @ast::expr) {
+    print_local_decl(s, loc);
+    space(s.s);
+    word_space(s, "in");
+    print_expr(s, coll);
+}
+
+fn print_path(s: ps, &&path: @ast::path, colons_before_params: bool) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, path.span.lo);
+    if path.global { word(s.s, "::"); }
+    let mut first = true;
+    for path.idents.each {|id|
+        if first { first = false; } else { word(s.s, "::"); }
+        word(s.s, id);
+    }
+    if path.rp.is_some() || !path.types.is_empty() {
+        if colons_before_params { word(s.s, "::"); }
+
+        alt path.rp {
+          none { /* ok */ }
+          some(r) {
+            word(s.s, "/");
+            print_region(s, r);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if !path.types.is_empty() {
+            word(s.s, "<");
+            commasep(s, inconsistent, path.types, print_type);
+            word(s.s, ">");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_pat(s: ps, &&pat: @ast::pat) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, pat.span.lo);
+    let ann_node = node_pat(s, pat);
+    s.ann.pre(ann_node);
+    /* Pat isn't normalized, but the beauty of it
+     is that it doesn't matter */
+    alt pat.node {
+      ast::pat_wild { word(s.s, "_"); }
+      ast::pat_ident(path, sub) {
+        print_path(s, path, true);
+        alt sub {
+          some(p) { word(s.s, "@"); print_pat(s, p); }
+          none {}
+        }
+      }
+      ast::pat_enum(path, args_) {
+        print_path(s, path, true);
+        alt args_ {
+          none { word(s.s, "(*)"); }
+          some(args) {
+            if vec::len(args) > 0u {
+              popen(s);
+              commasep(s, inconsistent, args, print_pat);
+              pclose(s);
+            } else { }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      ast::pat_rec(fields, etc) {
+        word(s.s, "{");
+        fn print_field(s: ps, f: ast::field_pat) {
+            cbox(s, indent_unit);
+            word(s.s, f.ident);
+            word_space(s, ":");
+            print_pat(s, f.pat);
+            end(s);
+        }
+        fn get_span(f: ast::field_pat) -> codemap::span { ret f.pat.span; }
+        commasep_cmnt(s, consistent, fields, print_field, get_span);
+        if etc {
+            if vec::len(fields) != 0u { word_space(s, ","); }
+            word(s.s, "_");
+        }
+        word(s.s, "}");
+      }
+      ast::pat_tup(elts) {
+        popen(s);
+        commasep(s, inconsistent, elts, print_pat);
+        pclose(s);
+      }
+      ast::pat_box(inner) { word(s.s, "@"); print_pat(s, inner); }
+      ast::pat_uniq(inner) { word(s.s, "~"); print_pat(s, inner); }
+      ast::pat_lit(e) { print_expr(s, e); }
+      ast::pat_range(begin, end) {
+        print_expr(s, begin);
+        space(s.s);
+        word_space(s, "to");
+        print_expr(s, end);
+      }
+    }
+    s.ann.post(ann_node);
+}
+
+fn print_fn(s: ps, decl: ast::fn_decl, name: ast::ident,
+            typarams: [ast::ty_param]) {
+    alt decl.purity {
+      ast::impure_fn { head(s, "fn") }
+      _ { head(s, purity_to_str(decl.purity) + " fn") }
+    }
+    word(s.s, name);
+    print_type_params(s, typarams);
+    print_fn_args_and_ret(s, decl, []);
+}
+
+fn print_fn_args(s: ps, decl: ast::fn_decl,
+                 cap_items: [ast::capture_item]) {
+    commasep(s, inconsistent, decl.inputs, print_arg);
+    if cap_items.is_not_empty() {
+        let mut first = decl.inputs.is_empty();
+        for cap_items.each { |cap_item|
+            if first { first = false; } else { word_space(s, ","); }
+            if cap_item.is_move { word_nbsp(s, "move") }
+            else { word_nbsp(s, "copy") }
+            word(s.s, cap_item.name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_fn_args_and_ret(s: ps, decl: ast::fn_decl,
+                         cap_items: [ast::capture_item]) {
+    popen(s);
+    print_fn_args(s, decl, cap_items);
+    pclose(s);
+    word(s.s, constrs_str(decl.constraints, {|c|
+        ast_fn_constr_to_str(decl, c)
+    }));
+
+    maybe_print_comment(s, decl.output.span.lo);
+    if decl.output.node != ast::ty_nil {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        word_space(s, "->");
+        print_type(s, decl.output);
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_fn_block_args(s: ps, decl: ast::fn_decl,
+                       cap_items: [ast::capture_item]) {
+    word(s.s, "|");
+    print_fn_args(s, decl, cap_items);
+    word(s.s, "|");
+    if decl.output.node != ast::ty_infer {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        word_space(s, "->");
+        print_type(s, decl.output);
+    }
+    maybe_print_comment(s, decl.output.span.lo);
+}
+
+fn mode_to_str(m: ast::mode) -> str {
+    alt m {
+      ast::expl(ast::by_mutbl_ref) { "&" }
+      ast::expl(ast::by_move) { "-" }
+      ast::expl(ast::by_ref) { "&&" }
+      ast::expl(ast::by_val) { "++" }
+      ast::expl(ast::by_copy) { "+" }
+      ast::infer(_) { "" }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_arg_mode(s: ps, m: ast::mode) {
+    let ms = mode_to_str(m);
+    if ms != "" { word(s.s, ms); }
+}
+
+fn print_bounds(s: ps, bounds: @[ast::ty_param_bound]) {
+    if vec::len(*bounds) > 0u {
+        word(s.s, ":");
+        for vec::each(*bounds) {|bound|
+            nbsp(s);
+            alt bound {
+              ast::bound_copy { word(s.s, "copy"); }
+              ast::bound_send { word(s.s, "send"); }
+              ast::bound_const { word(s.s, "const"); }
+              ast::bound_iface(t) { print_type(s, t); }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_region_param(s: ps, rp: ast::region_param) {
+    alt rp {
+      ast::rp_self { word(s.s, "/&") }
+      ast::rp_none { }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_type_params(s: ps, &&params: [ast::ty_param]) {
+    if vec::len(params) > 0u {
+        word(s.s, "<");
+        fn printParam(s: ps, param: ast::ty_param) {
+            word(s.s, param.ident);
+            print_bounds(s, param.bounds);
+        }
+        commasep(s, inconsistent, params, printParam);
+        word(s.s, ">");
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_meta_item(s: ps, &&item: @ast::meta_item) {
+    ibox(s, indent_unit);
+    alt item.node {
+      ast::meta_word(name) { word(s.s, name); }
+      ast::meta_name_value(name, value) {
+        word_space(s, name);
+        word_space(s, "=");
+        print_literal(s, @value);
+      }
+      ast::meta_list(name, items) {
+        word(s.s, name);
+        popen(s);
+        commasep(s, consistent, items, print_meta_item);
+        pclose(s);
+      }
+    }
+    end(s);
+}
+
+fn print_view_path(s: ps, &&vp: @ast::view_path) {
+    alt vp.node {
+      ast::view_path_simple(ident, path, _) {
+        if path.idents[vec::len(path.idents)-1u] != ident {
+            word_space(s, ident);
+            word_space(s, "=");
+        }
+        print_path(s, path, false);
+      }
+
+      ast::view_path_glob(path, _) {
+        print_path(s, path, false);
+        word(s.s, "::*");
+      }
+
+      ast::view_path_list(path, idents, _) {
+        print_path(s, path, false);
+        word(s.s, "::{");
+        commasep(s, inconsistent, idents) {|s, w|
+            word(s.s, w.node.name)
+        }
+        word(s.s, "}");
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_view_paths(s: ps, vps: [@ast::view_path]) {
+    commasep(s, inconsistent, vps, print_view_path);
+}
+
+fn print_view_item(s: ps, item: @ast::view_item) {
+    hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, item.span.lo);
+    alt item.node {
+      ast::view_item_use(id, mta, _) {
+        head(s, "use");
+        word(s.s, id);
+        if vec::len(mta) > 0u {
+            popen(s);
+            commasep(s, consistent, mta, print_meta_item);
+            pclose(s);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ast::view_item_import(vps) {
+        head(s, "import");
+        print_view_paths(s, vps);
+      }
+
+      ast::view_item_export(vps) {
+        head(s, "export");
+        print_view_paths(s, vps);
+      }
+    }
+    word(s.s, ";");
+    end(s); // end inner head-block
+    end(s); // end outer head-block
+}
+
+fn print_op_maybe_parens(s: ps, expr: @ast::expr, outer_prec: uint) {
+    let add_them = need_parens(expr, outer_prec);
+    if add_them { popen(s); }
+    print_expr(s, expr);
+    if add_them { pclose(s); }
+}
+
+fn print_mutability(s: ps, mutbl: ast::mutability) {
+    alt mutbl {
+      ast::m_mutbl { word_nbsp(s, "mut"); }
+      ast::m_const { word_nbsp(s, "const"); }
+      ast::m_imm {/* nothing */ }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_mt(s: ps, mt: ast::mt) {
+    print_mutability(s, mt.mutbl);
+    print_type(s, mt.ty);
+}
+
+fn print_arg(s: ps, input: ast::arg) {
+    ibox(s, indent_unit);
+    print_arg_mode(s, input.mode);
+    alt input.ty.node {
+      ast::ty_infer {
+        word(s.s, input.ident);
+      }
+      _ {
+        if str::len(input.ident) > 0u {
+            word_space(s, input.ident + ":");
+        }
+        print_type(s, input.ty);
+      }
+    }
+    end(s);
+}
+
+fn print_ty_fn(s: ps, opt_proto: option<ast::proto>,
+               decl: ast::fn_decl, id: option<ast::ident>,
+               tps: option<[ast::ty_param]>) {
+    ibox(s, indent_unit);
+    word(s.s, opt_proto_to_str(opt_proto));
+    alt id { some(id) { word(s.s, " "); word(s.s, id); } _ { } }
+    alt tps { some(tps) { print_type_params(s, tps); } _ { } }
+    zerobreak(s.s);
+    popen(s);
+    commasep(s, inconsistent, decl.inputs, print_arg);
+    pclose(s);
+    maybe_print_comment(s, decl.output.span.lo);
+    if decl.output.node != ast::ty_nil {
+        space_if_not_bol(s);
+        ibox(s, indent_unit);
+        word_space(s, "->");
+        if decl.cf == ast::noreturn { word_nbsp(s, "!"); }
+        else { print_type(s, decl.output); }
+        end(s);
+    }
+    word(s.s, constrs_str(decl.constraints, ast_ty_fn_constr_to_str));
+    end(s);
+}
+
+fn maybe_print_trailing_comment(s: ps, span: codemap::span,
+                                next_pos: option<uint>) {
+    let mut cm;
+    alt s.cm { some(ccm) { cm = ccm; } _ { ret; } }
+    alt next_comment(s) {
+      some(cmnt) {
+        if cmnt.style != comments::trailing { ret; }
+        let span_line = codemap::lookup_char_pos(cm, span.hi);
+        let comment_line = codemap::lookup_char_pos(cm, cmnt.pos);
+        let mut next = cmnt.pos + 1u;
+        alt next_pos { none { } some(p) { next = p; } }
+        if span.hi < cmnt.pos && cmnt.pos < next &&
+               span_line.line == comment_line.line {
+            print_comment(s, cmnt);
+            s.cur_cmnt += 1u;
+        }
+      }
+      _ { }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_remaining_comments(s: ps) {
+    // If there aren't any remaining comments, then we need to manually
+    // make sure there is a line break at the end.
+    if option::is_none(next_comment(s)) { hardbreak(s.s); }
+    loop {
+        alt next_comment(s) {
+          some(cmnt) { print_comment(s, cmnt); s.cur_cmnt += 1u; }
+          _ { break; }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_literal(s: ps, &&lit: @ast::lit) {
+    maybe_print_comment(s, lit.span.lo);
+    alt next_lit(s, lit.span.lo) {
+      some(lt) {
+        word(s.s, lt.lit);
+        ret;
+      }
+      _ {}
+    }
+    alt lit.node {
+      ast::lit_str(st) { print_string(s, st); }
+      ast::lit_int(ch, ast::ty_char) {
+        word(s.s, "'" + escape_str(str::from_char(ch as char), '\'') + "'");
+      }
+      ast::lit_int(i, t) {
+        if i < 0_i64 {
+            word(s.s,
+                 "-" + u64::to_str(-i as u64, 10u)
+                 + ast_util::int_ty_to_str(t));
+        } else {
+            word(s.s,
+                 u64::to_str(i as u64, 10u)
+                 + ast_util::int_ty_to_str(t));
+        }
+      }
+      ast::lit_uint(u, t) {
+        word(s.s,
+             u64::to_str(u, 10u)
+             + ast_util::uint_ty_to_str(t));
+      }
+      ast::lit_float(f, t) {
+        word(s.s, f + ast_util::float_ty_to_str(t));
+      }
+      ast::lit_nil { word(s.s, "()"); }
+      ast::lit_bool(val) {
+        if val { word(s.s, "true"); } else { word(s.s, "false"); }
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+fn lit_to_str(l: @ast::lit) -> str { ret to_str(l, print_literal); }
+
+fn next_lit(s: ps, pos: uint) -> option<comments::lit> {
+    alt s.literals {
+      some(lits) {
+        while s.cur_lit < vec::len(lits) {
+            let lt = lits[s.cur_lit];
+            if lt.pos > pos { ret none; }
+            s.cur_lit += 1u;
+            if lt.pos == pos { ret some(lt); }
+        }
+        ret none;
+      }
+      _ { ret none; }
+    }
+}
+
+fn maybe_print_comment(s: ps, pos: uint) {
+    loop {
+        alt next_comment(s) {
+          some(cmnt) {
+            if cmnt.pos < pos {
+                print_comment(s, cmnt);
+                s.cur_cmnt += 1u;
+            } else { break; }
+          }
+          _ { break; }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_comment(s: ps, cmnt: comments::cmnt) {
+    alt cmnt.style {
+      comments::mixed {
+        assert (vec::len(cmnt.lines) == 1u);
+        zerobreak(s.s);
+        word(s.s, cmnt.lines[0]);
+        zerobreak(s.s);
+      }
+      comments::isolated {
+        pprust::hardbreak_if_not_bol(s);
+        for cmnt.lines.each {|line|
+            // Don't print empty lines because they will end up as trailing
+            // whitespace
+            if str::is_not_empty(line) { word(s.s, line); }
+            hardbreak(s.s);
+        }
+      }
+      comments::trailing {
+        word(s.s, " ");
+        if vec::len(cmnt.lines) == 1u {
+            word(s.s, cmnt.lines[0]);
+            hardbreak(s.s);
+        } else {
+            ibox(s, 0u);
+            for cmnt.lines.each {|line|
+                if str::is_not_empty(line) { word(s.s, line); }
+                hardbreak(s.s);
+            }
+            end(s);
+        }
+      }
+      comments::blank_line {
+        // We need to do at least one, possibly two hardbreaks.
+        let is_semi =
+            alt s.s.last_token() {
+              pp::STRING(s, _) { s == ";" }
+              _ { false }
+            };
+        if is_semi || is_begin(s) || is_end(s) { hardbreak(s.s); }
+        hardbreak(s.s);
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_string(s: ps, st: str) {
+    word(s.s, "\"");
+    word(s.s, escape_str(st, '"'));
+    word(s.s, "\"");
+}
+
+fn escape_str(st: str, to_escape: char) -> str {
+    let mut out: str = "";
+    let len = str::len(st);
+    let mut i = 0u;
+    while i < len {
+        alt st[i] as char {
+          '\n' { out += "\\n"; }
+          '\t' { out += "\\t"; }
+          '\r' { out += "\\r"; }
+          '\\' { out += "\\\\"; }
+          cur {
+            if cur == to_escape { out += "\\"; }
+            // FIXME some (or all?) non-ascii things should be escaped
+            // (See #2306)
+            str::push_char(out, cur);
+          }
+        }
+        i += 1u;
+    }
+    ret out;
+}
+
+fn to_str<T>(t: T, f: fn@(ps, T)) -> str {
+    let buffer = io::mem_buffer();
+    let s = rust_printer(io::mem_buffer_writer(buffer));
+    f(s, t);
+    eof(s.s);
+    io::mem_buffer_str(buffer)
+}
+
+fn next_comment(s: ps) -> option<comments::cmnt> {
+    alt s.comments {
+      some(cmnts) {
+        if s.cur_cmnt < vec::len(cmnts) {
+            ret some(cmnts[s.cur_cmnt]);
+        } else { ret none::<comments::cmnt>; }
+      }
+      _ { ret none::<comments::cmnt>; }
+    }
+}
+
+fn constr_args_to_str<T>(f: fn@(T) -> str, args: [@ast::sp_constr_arg<T>]) ->
+   str {
+    let mut comma = false;
+    let mut s = "(";
+    for args.each {|a|
+        if comma { s += ", "; } else { comma = true; }
+        s += constr_arg_to_str::<T>(f, a.node);
+    }
+    s += ")";
+    ret s;
+}
+
+fn constr_arg_to_str<T>(f: fn@(T) -> str, c: ast::constr_arg_general_<T>) ->
+   str {
+    alt c {
+      ast::carg_base { ret "*"; }
+      ast::carg_ident(i) { ret f(i); }
+      ast::carg_lit(l) { ret lit_to_str(l); }
+    }
+}
+
+// needed b/c constr_args_to_str needs
+// something that takes an alias
+// (argh)
+fn uint_to_str(&&i: uint) -> str { ret uint::str(i); }
+
+fn ast_ty_fn_constr_to_str(&&c: @ast::constr) -> str {
+    ret path_to_str(c.node.path) +
+            constr_args_to_str(uint_to_str, c.node.args);
+}
+
+fn ast_fn_constr_to_str(decl: ast::fn_decl, &&c: @ast::constr) -> str {
+    let arg_to_str = bind fn_arg_idx_to_str(decl, _);
+    ret path_to_str(c.node.path) +
+            constr_args_to_str(arg_to_str, c.node.args);
+}
+
+fn ty_constr_to_str(&&c: @ast::ty_constr) -> str {
+    fn ty_constr_path_to_str(&&p: @ast::path) -> str { "*." + path_to_str(p) }
+
+    ret path_to_str(c.node.path) +
+            constr_args_to_str::<@ast::path>(ty_constr_path_to_str,
+                                             c.node.args);
+}
+
+fn constrs_str<T>(constrs: [T], elt: fn(T) -> str) -> str {
+    let mut s = "", colon = true;
+    for constrs.each {|c|
+        if colon { s += " : "; colon = false; } else { s += ", "; }
+        s += elt(c);
+    }
+    ret s;
+}
+
+fn fn_arg_idx_to_str(decl: ast::fn_decl, &&idx: uint) -> str {
+    decl.inputs[idx].ident
+}
+
+fn opt_proto_to_str(opt_p: option<ast::proto>) -> str {
+    alt opt_p {
+      none { "fn" }
+      some(p) { proto_to_str(p) }
+    }
+}
+
+fn purity_to_str(p: ast::purity) -> str {
+    alt p {
+      ast::impure_fn {"impure"}
+      ast::unsafe_fn {"unsafe"}
+      ast::pure_fn {"pure"}
+      ast::crust_fn {"crust"}
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_purity(s: ps, p: ast::purity) {
+    alt p {
+      ast::impure_fn {}
+      _ { word_nbsp(s, purity_to_str(p)) }
+    }
+}
+
+fn proto_to_str(p: ast::proto) -> str {
+    ret alt p {
+      ast::proto_bare { "native fn" }
+      ast::proto_any { "fn" }
+      ast::proto_block { "fn&" }
+      ast::proto_uniq { "fn~" }
+      ast::proto_box { "fn@" }
+    };
+}
+
+//
+// Local Variables:
+// mode: rust
+// fill-column: 78;
+// indent-tabs-mode: nil
+// c-basic-offset: 4
+// buffer-file-coding-system: utf-8-unix
+// End:
+//