Ripped MT out of other codebase

12 files changed, 2254 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/.rustfmt.toml b/.rustfmt.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..218e203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.rustfmt.toml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hard_tabs = true
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d54999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mermaid"
+version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..642b5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "mermaid"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e259d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Creative Commons Legal Code
+
+CC0 1.0 Universal
+
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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd5f353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Mersenne Twister
+
+*(readme mostly ripped straight from another projects notes about*
+*it's implementation of mt19937. That's also where I ripped the lib.rs*
+*file from. i just wanted to use it in another project so i thought*
+*i was extract it. this is a port and not using a crate from crates.io*
+*because i thought it would be fun and thrilling. i was right)*
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister
+
+I've been doing research on Mersenne Twister. Apparently if you seed
+it poorly, a "bad seed", with a run of lots of 1s of 0s, you can get
+into a bad state that can take a long time to recover (citation needed).
+
+This S.O. answer about seeding Mersenne mentions there are other PRNGs
+that are easier to implement. https://stackoverflow.com/a/8473025
+
+Checked against the (original?) Mersenne Twister website.
+	https://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/emt.html
+It has the latest version of the algorithm up at
+	https://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/MT2002/emt19937ar.html
+which has output that we can test against here
+	https://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/MT2002/CODES/mt19937ar.out
+and it all matches! both the u32 generator and the double "real" (f64)
+generator.
+
+License:  
+From the [license page for MT](https://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/MT2002/elicense.html).  
+> Until 2001/4/6, MT had been distributed under GNU Public License, but after
+> 2001/4/6, we decided to let MT be used for any purpose, including commercial
+> use. 2002-versions mt19937ar.c, mt19937ar-cok.c are considered to be usable freely.
+
+Given that seeming dedication to the public domain, this is in turn rightly
+licensed as such. If that does not work for you, there is a LICENSE file
+with Creative Commons Zero, too, that I stuck in the repo. Can I do that?
+Iunno, I'm not a lawyer. I think probably, yes, since it seems to be
+dedicated to the public domain, anyway.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2e4b2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+use std::ops::Range;
+
+/// Mersenne Twister implementation based on the C code from wikipedia
+/// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister#C_code
+pub struct MersenneTwister {
+    state: [u32; Self::N],
+    state_index: usize,
+}
+
+impl MersenneTwister {
+    // "number of recurrence"
+    const N: usize = 624;
+    // " middle word, an offset used in the recurrence relation"
+    const M: usize = 397;
+    // ?
+    const F: u32 = 1812433253;
+    // "word size (in number of bits)"
+    const W: u32 = 32;
+    // "separation point of one word, or the number of bits of the lower bitmask"
+    const R: u32 = 31;
+    const UMASK: u32 = 0xffffffff << Self::R;
+    const LMASK: u32 = 0xffffffff >> (Self::W - Self::R);
+    // "coefficients of the rational normal form twist matrix"
+    const A: u32 = 0x9908b0df;
+
+    // TGFSR(R) Tempering bitmasks
+    const B: u32 = 0x9d2c5680;
+    const C: u32 = 0xefc60000;
+
+    // TGFSR(R) Tempering bit shifts
+    const S: u32 = 7;
+    const T: u32 = 15;
+
+    // Mersenne Twister bit shifts
+    const U: u32 = 11;
+    const L: u32 = 18;
+
+    fn initialize_state(state: &mut [u32], seed: u32) {
+        state[0] = seed;
+
+        let mut current_seed = seed;
+        for idx in 1..Self::N {
+            current_seed =
+                Self::F.wrapping_mul(current_seed ^ (current_seed >> (Self::W - 2))) + idx as u32;
+            state[idx] = current_seed;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn initialize_by_array(state: &mut [u32], key: &[u32]) {
+        Self::initialize_state(state, 19650218);
+        let mut i = 1;
+        let mut j = 0;
+
+        let k = if Self::N > key.len() {
+            Self::N
+        } else {
+            key.len()
+        };
+
+        for _ in 0..k {
+            state[i] = (state[i] ^ (state[i - 1] ^ (state[i - 1] >> 30)).wrapping_mul(1664525))
+                + key[j]
+                + j as u32;
+
+            i += 1;
+            j += 1;
+
+            if i >= Self::N {
+                state[0] = state[Self::N - 1];
+                i = 1;
+            }
+
+            if j >= key.len() {
+                j = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for _ in 0..Self::N - 1 {
+            state[i] = (state[i] ^ (state[i - 1] ^ (state[i - 1] >> 30)).wrapping_mul(1566083941))
+                - i as u32;
+
+            i += 1;
+
+            if i >= Self::N {
+                state[0] = state[Self::N - 1];
+                i = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        state[0] = 0x80000000;
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn new(seed: u32) -> Self {
+        let mut state = [032; Self::N];
+        Self::initialize_state(&mut state, seed);
+
+        Self {
+            state,
+            state_index: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_seed_array(key: &[u32]) -> Self {
+        let mut state = [032; Self::N];
+        Self::initialize_by_array(&mut state, key);
+
+        Self {
+            state,
+            state_index: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    pub fn random_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+        let mut j = if self.state_index < Self::N - 1 {
+            self.state_index + 1
+        } else {
+            self.state_index - (Self::N - 1)
+        };
+
+        let mut x = (self.state[self.state_index] & Self::UMASK) | (self.state[j] & Self::LMASK);
+        let mut xA = x >> 1;
+
+        if x & 0x00000001 > 0 {
+            xA ^= Self::A;
+        }
+
+        j = if self.state_index < (Self::N - Self::M) {
+            self.state_index + Self::M
+        } else {
+            self.state_index - (Self::N - Self::M)
+        };
+
+        x = self.state[j] ^ xA;
+        self.state[self.state_index] = x;
+        self.state_index += 1;
+
+        if self.state_index >= Self::N {
+            self.state_index = 0;
+        };
+
+        let mut y = x ^ (x >> Self::U); // tempering
+        y = y ^ ((y << Self::S) & Self::B);
+        y = y ^ ((y << Self::T) & Self::C);
+
+        y ^ (y >> Self::L)
+    }
+
+    pub fn random_f64(&mut self) -> f64 {
+        let rand = self.random_u32();
+
+        // [0,1)
+        rand as f64 * (1.0 / (u32::MAX as u64 + 1) as f64)
+    }
+
+    pub fn random_range(&mut self, range: Range<u32>) -> u32 {
+        (self.random_f64() * (range.end as f64 - range.start as f64) + range.start as f64) as u32
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
+
+    use super::MersenneTwister;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mersenne_state_simple_seed_matches() {
+        let mt = MersenneTwister::new(19650218);
+        let numbers = load_MTwikipedia_state();
+
+        for (idx, number) in numbers.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let ours = mt.state[idx];
+            if ours != number {
+                panic!("reference simple state was {number}, we got {ours}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mersenne_state_array_matches() {
+        let key: [u32; 4] = [0x123, 0x234, 0x345, 0x456];
+        let mt = MersenneTwister::new_seed_array(&key);
+        let numbers = load_MTwikipedia_array_state();
+
+        for (idx, number) in numbers.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let ours = mt.state[idx];
+            if ours != number {
+                panic!("reference array state was {number}, we got {ours}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mersenne_matches() {
+        // Initial array
+        let key: [u32; 4] = [0x123, 0x234, 0x345, 0x456];
+        let mut mt = MersenneTwister::new_seed_array(&key);
+        let numbers = load_mt19937ar_cok();
+
+        for number in numbers {
+            let ours = mt.random_u32();
+            if ours != number {
+                panic!("reference was {number}, we got {ours}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mersenne_matches_real() {
+        // Initial array
+        let key: [u32; 4] = [0x123, 0x234, 0x345, 0x456];
+        let mut mt = MersenneTwister::new_seed_array(&key);
+        let numbers = load_mt19937ar_cok_real();
+
+        // The C program first generated 1000 random u32, so we do it too.
+        for _ in 0..1000 {
+            let _ = mt.random_u32();
+        }
+
+        for number in numbers {
+            let ours = mt.random_f64();
+            let string = format!("{ours:.8}");
+            if !string.eq(&number) {
+                panic!("reference was '{number}', we got '{string}'")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn load_mt19937ar_cok() -> Vec<u32> {
+        let string = std::fs::read_to_string("test/mt19937ar-cok").unwrap();
+        let mut numbers = vec![];
+
+        for line in string.lines() {
+            let mut chars = line.chars();
+            for _ in 0..5 {
+                let number: String = chars.borrow_mut().take(10).collect();
+                let _ = chars.next(); // throwout the space
+
+                let ulong: u32 = number.trim().parse().unwrap();
+                numbers.push(ulong);
+            }
+        }
+
+        numbers
+    }
+
+    fn load_mt19937ar_cok_real() -> Vec<String> {
+        let string = std::fs::read_to_string("test/mt19937ar-cok-real").unwrap();
+        let mut numbers = vec![];
+
+        for line in string.lines() {
+            let mut chars = line.chars();
+            for _ in 0..5 {
+                let number: String = chars.borrow_mut().take(10).collect();
+                let _ = chars.next(); // throwout the space
+                numbers.push(number);
+            }
+        }
+
+        numbers
+    }
+
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    fn load_MTwikipedia_array_state() -> Vec<u32> {
+        let string = std::fs::read_to_string("test/MTwikipedia-array_state").unwrap();
+        let mut numbers = vec![];
+
+        for line in string.lines() {
+            numbers.push(line.trim().parse().unwrap());
+        }
+
+        numbers
+    }
+
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    fn load_MTwikipedia_state() -> Vec<u32> {
+        let string = std::fs::read_to_string("test/MTwikipedia-state").unwrap();
+        let mut numbers = vec![];
+
+        for line in string.lines() {
+            numbers.push(line.trim().parse().unwrap());
+        }
+
+        numbers
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/MTwikipedia-array_state b/test/MTwikipedia-array_state
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64df1eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/MTwikipedia-array_state
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diff --git a/test/MTwikipedia-state b/test/MTwikipedia-state
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fc4b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/MTwikipedia-state
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
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diff --git a/test/MTwikipedia.c b/test/MTwikipedia.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83eda43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/MTwikipedia.c
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// This file is the C Code from the Mersenne Twister wikipedia article
+//		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister#C_code
+// bodged together with the init_by_array and main functions from
+//		https://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/MT2002/CODES/mt19937ar.c
+// so I can test if the C Code on wikipedia generates the correct random numbers
+// as seen in
+//		https://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/m-mat/MT/MT2002/CODES/mt19937ar.out
+// 
+// I did not check them all, but a few at random. They match, which makes me think
+// they operate the same. Now I need to look for the bug in my Rust,,,
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define n 624
+#define m 397
+#define w 32
+#define r 31
+#define UMASK (0xffffffffUL << r)
+#define LMASK (0xffffffffUL >> (w-r))
+#define a 0x9908b0dfUL
+#define u 11
+#define s 7
+#define t 15
+#define l 18
+#define b 0x9d2c5680UL
+#define c 0xefc60000UL
+#define f 1812433253UL
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    uint32_t state_array[n];         // the array for the state vector 
+    int state_index;                 // index into state vector array, 0 <= state_index <= n-1   always
+} mt_state;
+
+
+void initialize_state(mt_state* state, uint32_t seed) 
+{
+    uint32_t* state_array = &(state->state_array[0]);
+    
+    state_array[0] = seed;                          // suggested initial seed = 19650218UL
+    
+    for (int i=1; i<n; i++)
+    {
+        seed = f * (seed ^ (seed >> (w-2))) + i;    // Knuth TAOCP Vol2. 3rd Ed. P.106 for multiplier.
+        state_array[i] = seed; 
+    }
+    
+    state->state_index = 0;
+}
+
+/* initialize by an array with array-length */
+/* init_key is the array for initializing keys */
+/* key_length is its length */
+/* slight change for C++, 2004/2/26 */
+void init_by_array(mt_state* state, unsigned long init_key[], int key_length)
+{
+    int i, j, k;
+    initialize_state(state, 19650218UL);
+    i=1; j=0;
+
+    k = (n>key_length ? n : key_length);
+
+	uint32_t* mt = &(state->state_array[0]);
+
+    for (; k; k--) {
+        mt[i] = (mt[i] ^ ((mt[i-1] ^ (mt[i-1] >> 30)) * 1664525UL))
+          + init_key[j] + j; /* non linear */
+        mt[i] &= 0xffffffffUL; /* for WORDSIZE > 32 machines */
+        i++; j++;
+        if (i>=n) { mt[0] = mt[n-1]; i=1; }
+        if (j>=key_length) j=0;
+    }
+    for (k=n-1; k; k--) {
+        mt[i] = (mt[i] ^ ((mt[i-1] ^ (mt[i-1] >> 30)) * 1566083941UL))
+          - i; /* non linear */
+        mt[i] &= 0xffffffffUL; /* for WORDSIZE > 32 machines */
+        i++;
+        if (i>=n) { mt[0] = mt[n-1]; i=1; }
+    }
+
+    mt[0] = 0x80000000UL; /* MSB is 1; assuring non-zero initial array */ 
+}
+
+
+uint32_t random_uint32(mt_state* state)
+{
+    uint32_t* state_array = &(state->state_array[0]);
+    
+    int k = state->state_index;      // point to current state location
+                                     // 0 <= state_index <= n-1   always
+    
+//  int k = k - n;                   // point to state n iterations before
+//  if (k < 0) k += n;               // modulo n circular indexing
+                                     // the previous 2 lines actually do nothing
+                                     //  for illustration only
+    
+    int j = k - (n-1);               // point to state n-1 iterations before
+    if (j < 0) j += n;               // modulo n circular indexing
+
+    uint32_t x = (state_array[k] & UMASK) | (state_array[j] & LMASK);
+    
+    uint32_t xA = x >> 1;
+    if (x & 0x00000001UL) xA ^= a;
+    
+    j = k - (n-m);                   // point to state n-m iterations before
+    if (j < 0) j += n;               // modulo n circular indexing
+    
+    x = state_array[j] ^ xA;         // compute next value in the state
+    state_array[k++] = x;            // update new state value
+    
+    if (k >= n) k = 0;               // modulo n circular indexing
+    state->state_index = k;
+    
+    uint32_t y = x ^ (x >> u);       // tempering 
+             y = y ^ ((y << s) & b);
+             y = y ^ ((y << t) & c);
+    uint32_t z = y ^ (y >> l);
+    
+    return z; 
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int i;
+    unsigned long init[4]={0x123, 0x234, 0x345, 0x456}, length=4;
+
+	mt_state state;
+	state.state_index = 0;
+
+    initialize_state(&state, 19650218UL);
+    //init_by_array(&state, init, length);
+
+    /*printf("1000 outputs of genrand_int32()\n");
+    for (i=0; i<1000; i++) {
+      printf("%10lu ", random_uint32(&state));
+      if (i%5==4) printf("\n");
+    }*/
+
+    // Print the internal state so we can check it against the Rust
+    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        printf("%10lu\n", state.state_array[i]);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/mt19937ar-cok b/test/mt19937ar-cok
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c225da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/mt19937ar-cok
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/mt19937ar-cok-real b/test/mt19937ar-cok-real
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de4e7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/mt19937ar-cok-real
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
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