Move the dataflow framework to its own crate.

9 files changed, 3304 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/cursor.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/cursor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c000e49c14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/cursor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+//! Random access inspection of the results of a dataflow analysis.
+
+use std::borrow::Borrow;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, Location};
+
+use super::{Analysis, Direction, Effect, EffectIndex, Results};
+
+/// A `ResultsCursor` that borrows the underlying `Results`.
+pub type ResultsRefCursor<'a, 'mir, 'tcx, A> = ResultsCursor<'mir, 'tcx, A, &'a Results<'tcx, A>>;
+
+/// Allows random access inspection of the results of a dataflow analysis.
+///
+/// This cursor only has linear performance within a basic block when its statements are visited in
+/// the same order as the `DIRECTION` of the analysis. In the worst case—when statements are
+/// visited in *reverse* order—performance will be quadratic in the number of statements in the
+/// block. The order in which basic blocks are inspected has no impact on performance.
+///
+/// A `ResultsCursor` can either own (the default) or borrow the dataflow results it inspects. The
+/// type of ownership is determined by `R` (see `ResultsRefCursor` above).
+pub struct ResultsCursor<'mir, 'tcx, A, R = Results<'tcx, A>>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>,
+    results: R,
+    state: A::Domain,
+
+    pos: CursorPosition,
+
+    /// Indicates that `state` has been modified with a custom effect.
+    ///
+    /// When this flag is set, we need to reset to an entry set before doing a seek.
+    state_needs_reset: bool,
+
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    reachable_blocks: BitSet<BasicBlock>,
+}
+
+impl<'mir, 'tcx, A, R> ResultsCursor<'mir, 'tcx, A, R>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    R: Borrow<Results<'tcx, A>>,
+{
+    /// Returns a new cursor that can inspect `results`.
+    pub fn new(body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>, results: R) -> Self {
+        let bottom_value = results.borrow().analysis.bottom_value(body);
+        ResultsCursor {
+            body,
+            results,
+
+            // Initialize to the `bottom_value` and set `state_needs_reset` to tell the cursor that
+            // it needs to reset to block entry before the first seek. The cursor position is
+            // immaterial.
+            state_needs_reset: true,
+            state: bottom_value,
+            pos: CursorPosition::block_entry(mir::START_BLOCK),
+
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            reachable_blocks: mir::traversal::reachable_as_bitset(body),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the underlying `Results`.
+    pub fn results(&self) -> &Results<'tcx, A> {
+        &self.results.borrow()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `Analysis` used to generate the underlying `Results`.
+    pub fn analysis(&self) -> &A {
+        &self.results.borrow().analysis
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the dataflow state at the current location.
+    pub fn get(&self) -> &A::Domain {
+        &self.state
+    }
+
+    /// Resets the cursor to hold the entry set for the given basic block.
+    ///
+    /// For forward dataflow analyses, this is the dataflow state prior to the first statement.
+    ///
+    /// For backward dataflow analyses, this is the dataflow state after the terminator.
+    pub(super) fn seek_to_block_entry(&mut self, block: BasicBlock) {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        assert!(self.reachable_blocks.contains(block));
+
+        self.state.clone_from(&self.results.borrow().entry_set_for_block(block));
+        self.pos = CursorPosition::block_entry(block);
+        self.state_needs_reset = false;
+    }
+
+    /// Resets the cursor to hold the state prior to the first statement in a basic block.
+    ///
+    /// For forward analyses, this is the entry set for the given block.
+    ///
+    /// For backward analyses, this is the state that will be propagated to its
+    /// predecessors (ignoring edge-specific effects).
+    pub fn seek_to_block_start(&mut self, block: BasicBlock) {
+        if A::Direction::is_forward() {
+            self.seek_to_block_entry(block)
+        } else {
+            self.seek_after(Location { block, statement_index: 0 }, Effect::Primary)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Resets the cursor to hold the state after the terminator in a basic block.
+    ///
+    /// For backward analyses, this is the entry set for the given block.
+    ///
+    /// For forward analyses, this is the state that will be propagated to its
+    /// successors (ignoring edge-specific effects).
+    pub fn seek_to_block_end(&mut self, block: BasicBlock) {
+        if A::Direction::is_backward() {
+            self.seek_to_block_entry(block)
+        } else {
+            self.seek_after(self.body.terminator_loc(block), Effect::Primary)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Advances the cursor to hold the dataflow state at `target` before its "primary" effect is
+    /// applied.
+    ///
+    /// The "before" effect at the target location *will be* applied.
+    pub fn seek_before_primary_effect(&mut self, target: Location) {
+        self.seek_after(target, Effect::Before)
+    }
+
+    /// Advances the cursor to hold the dataflow state at `target` after its "primary" effect is
+    /// applied.
+    ///
+    /// The "before" effect at the target location will be applied as well.
+    pub fn seek_after_primary_effect(&mut self, target: Location) {
+        self.seek_after(target, Effect::Primary)
+    }
+
+    fn seek_after(&mut self, target: Location, effect: Effect) {
+        assert!(target <= self.body.terminator_loc(target.block));
+
+        // Reset to the entry of the target block if any of the following are true:
+        //   - A custom effect has been applied to the cursor state.
+        //   - We are in a different block than the target.
+        //   - We are in the same block but have advanced past the target effect.
+        if self.state_needs_reset || self.pos.block != target.block {
+            self.seek_to_block_entry(target.block);
+        } else if let Some(curr_effect) = self.pos.curr_effect_index {
+            let mut ord = curr_effect.statement_index.cmp(&target.statement_index);
+            if A::Direction::is_backward() {
+                ord = ord.reverse()
+            }
+
+            match ord.then_with(|| curr_effect.effect.cmp(&effect)) {
+                Ordering::Equal => return,
+                Ordering::Greater => self.seek_to_block_entry(target.block),
+                Ordering::Less => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // At this point, the cursor is in the same block as the target location at an earlier
+        // statement.
+        debug_assert_eq!(target.block, self.pos.block);
+
+        let block_data = &self.body[target.block];
+        let next_effect = if A::Direction::is_forward() {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            self.pos.curr_effect_index.map_or_else(
+                || Effect::Before.at_index(0),
+                EffectIndex::next_in_forward_order,
+            )
+        } else {
+            self.pos.curr_effect_index.map_or_else(
+                || Effect::Before.at_index(block_data.statements.len()),
+                EffectIndex::next_in_backward_order,
+            )
+        };
+
+        let analysis = &self.results.borrow().analysis;
+        let target_effect_index = effect.at_index(target.statement_index);
+
+        A::Direction::apply_effects_in_range(
+            analysis,
+            &mut self.state,
+            target.block,
+            block_data,
+            next_effect..=target_effect_index,
+        );
+
+        self.pos =
+            CursorPosition { block: target.block, curr_effect_index: Some(target_effect_index) };
+    }
+
+    /// Applies `f` to the cursor's internal state.
+    ///
+    /// This can be used, e.g., to apply the call return effect directly to the cursor without
+    /// creating an extra copy of the dataflow state.
+    pub fn apply_custom_effect(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&A, &mut A::Domain)) {
+        f(&self.results.borrow().analysis, &mut self.state);
+        self.state_needs_reset = true;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'mir, 'tcx, A, R, T> ResultsCursor<'mir, 'tcx, A, R>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx, Domain = BitSet<T>>,
+    T: Idx,
+    R: Borrow<Results<'tcx, A>>,
+{
+    pub fn contains(&self, elem: T) -> bool {
+        self.get().contains(elem)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+struct CursorPosition {
+    block: BasicBlock,
+    curr_effect_index: Option<EffectIndex>,
+}
+
+impl CursorPosition {
+    fn block_entry(block: BasicBlock) -> CursorPosition {
+        CursorPosition { block, curr_effect_index: None }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8a9ced91eb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, Location, SwitchTargets};
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
+
+use super::visitor::{ResultsVisitable, ResultsVisitor};
+use super::{Analysis, Effect, EffectIndex, GenKillAnalysis, GenKillSet, SwitchIntTarget};
+
+pub trait Direction {
+    fn is_forward() -> bool;
+
+    fn is_backward() -> bool {
+        !Self::is_forward()
+    }
+
+    /// Applies all effects between the given `EffectIndex`s.
+    ///
+    /// `effects.start()` must precede or equal `effects.end()` in this direction.
+    fn apply_effects_in_range<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        effects: RangeInclusive<EffectIndex>,
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>;
+
+    fn apply_effects_in_block<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>;
+
+    fn gen_kill_effects_in_block<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        trans: &mut GenKillSet<A::Idx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+    ) where
+        A: GenKillAnalysis<'tcx>;
+
+    fn visit_results_in_block<F, R>(
+        state: &mut F,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        results: &R,
+        vis: &mut impl ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+    ) where
+        R: ResultsVisitable<'tcx, FlowState = F>;
+
+    fn join_state_into_successors_of<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        body: &mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        dead_unwinds: Option<&BitSet<BasicBlock>>,
+        exit_state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: (BasicBlock, &'_ mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>),
+        propagate: impl FnMut(BasicBlock, &A::Domain),
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>;
+}
+
+/// Dataflow that runs from the exit of a block (the terminator), to its entry (the first statement).
+pub struct Backward;
+
+impl Direction for Backward {
+    fn is_forward() -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn apply_effects_in_block<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+        let location = Location { block, statement_index: block_data.statements.len() };
+        analysis.apply_before_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+        analysis.apply_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+
+        for (statement_index, statement) in block_data.statements.iter().enumerate().rev() {
+            let location = Location { block, statement_index };
+            analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+            analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn gen_kill_effects_in_block<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        trans: &mut GenKillSet<A::Idx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+    ) where
+        A: GenKillAnalysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+        let location = Location { block, statement_index: block_data.statements.len() };
+        analysis.before_terminator_effect(trans, terminator, location);
+        analysis.terminator_effect(trans, terminator, location);
+
+        for (statement_index, statement) in block_data.statements.iter().enumerate().rev() {
+            let location = Location { block, statement_index };
+            analysis.before_statement_effect(trans, statement, location);
+            analysis.statement_effect(trans, statement, location);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_effects_in_range<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        effects: RangeInclusive<EffectIndex>,
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        let (from, to) = (*effects.start(), *effects.end());
+        let terminator_index = block_data.statements.len();
+
+        assert!(from.statement_index <= terminator_index);
+        assert!(!to.precedes_in_backward_order(from));
+
+        // Handle the statement (or terminator) at `from`.
+
+        let next_effect = match from.effect {
+            // If we need to apply the terminator effect in all or in part, do so now.
+            _ if from.statement_index == terminator_index => {
+                let location = Location { block, statement_index: from.statement_index };
+                let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+
+                if from.effect == Effect::Before {
+                    analysis.apply_before_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+                    if to == Effect::Before.at_index(terminator_index) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                analysis.apply_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+                if to == Effect::Primary.at_index(terminator_index) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // If `from.statement_index` is `0`, we will have hit one of the earlier comparisons
+                // with `to`.
+                from.statement_index - 1
+            }
+
+            Effect::Primary => {
+                let location = Location { block, statement_index: from.statement_index };
+                let statement = &block_data.statements[from.statement_index];
+
+                analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+                if to == Effect::Primary.at_index(from.statement_index) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                from.statement_index - 1
+            }
+
+            Effect::Before => from.statement_index,
+        };
+
+        // Handle all statements between `first_unapplied_idx` and `to.statement_index`.
+
+        for statement_index in (to.statement_index..next_effect).rev().map(|i| i + 1) {
+            let location = Location { block, statement_index };
+            let statement = &block_data.statements[statement_index];
+            analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+            analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+        }
+
+        // Handle the statement at `to`.
+
+        let location = Location { block, statement_index: to.statement_index };
+        let statement = &block_data.statements[to.statement_index];
+        analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+
+        if to.effect == Effect::Before {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_results_in_block<F, R>(
+        state: &mut F,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        results: &R,
+        vis: &mut impl ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+    ) where
+        R: ResultsVisitable<'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+    {
+        results.reset_to_block_entry(state, block);
+
+        vis.visit_block_end(&state, block_data, block);
+
+        // Terminator
+        let loc = Location { block, statement_index: block_data.statements.len() };
+        let term = block_data.terminator();
+        results.reconstruct_before_terminator_effect(state, term, loc);
+        vis.visit_terminator_before_primary_effect(state, term, loc);
+        results.reconstruct_terminator_effect(state, term, loc);
+        vis.visit_terminator_after_primary_effect(state, term, loc);
+
+        for (statement_index, stmt) in block_data.statements.iter().enumerate().rev() {
+            let loc = Location { block, statement_index };
+            results.reconstruct_before_statement_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+            vis.visit_statement_before_primary_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+            results.reconstruct_statement_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+            vis.visit_statement_after_primary_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+        }
+
+        vis.visit_block_start(state, block_data, block);
+    }
+
+    fn join_state_into_successors_of<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        _tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        body: &mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        dead_unwinds: Option<&BitSet<BasicBlock>>,
+        exit_state: &mut A::Domain,
+        (bb, _bb_data): (BasicBlock, &'_ mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>),
+        mut propagate: impl FnMut(BasicBlock, &A::Domain),
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        for pred in body.predecessors()[bb].iter().copied() {
+            match body[pred].terminator().kind {
+                // Apply terminator-specific edge effects.
+                //
+                // FIXME(ecstaticmorse): Avoid cloning the exit state unconditionally.
+                mir::TerminatorKind::Call {
+                    destination: Some((return_place, dest)),
+                    ref func,
+                    ref args,
+                    ..
+                } if dest == bb => {
+                    let mut tmp = exit_state.clone();
+                    analysis.apply_call_return_effect(&mut tmp, pred, func, args, return_place);
+                    propagate(pred, &tmp);
+                }
+
+                mir::TerminatorKind::Yield { resume, resume_arg, .. } if resume == bb => {
+                    let mut tmp = exit_state.clone();
+                    analysis.apply_yield_resume_effect(&mut tmp, resume, resume_arg);
+                    propagate(pred, &tmp);
+                }
+
+                // Ignore dead unwinds.
+                mir::TerminatorKind::Call { cleanup: Some(unwind), .. }
+                | mir::TerminatorKind::Assert { cleanup: Some(unwind), .. }
+                | mir::TerminatorKind::Drop { unwind: Some(unwind), .. }
+                | mir::TerminatorKind::DropAndReplace { unwind: Some(unwind), .. }
+                | mir::TerminatorKind::FalseUnwind { unwind: Some(unwind), .. }
+                    if unwind == bb =>
+                {
+                    if dead_unwinds.map_or(true, |dead| !dead.contains(bb)) {
+                        propagate(pred, exit_state);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _ => propagate(pred, exit_state),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Dataflow that runs from the entry of a block (the first statement), to its exit (terminator).
+pub struct Forward;
+
+impl Direction for Forward {
+    fn is_forward() -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn apply_effects_in_block<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        for (statement_index, statement) in block_data.statements.iter().enumerate() {
+            let location = Location { block, statement_index };
+            analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+            analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+        }
+
+        let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+        let location = Location { block, statement_index: block_data.statements.len() };
+        analysis.apply_before_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+        analysis.apply_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+    }
+
+    fn gen_kill_effects_in_block<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        trans: &mut GenKillSet<A::Idx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+    ) where
+        A: GenKillAnalysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        for (statement_index, statement) in block_data.statements.iter().enumerate() {
+            let location = Location { block, statement_index };
+            analysis.before_statement_effect(trans, statement, location);
+            analysis.statement_effect(trans, statement, location);
+        }
+
+        let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+        let location = Location { block, statement_index: block_data.statements.len() };
+        analysis.before_terminator_effect(trans, terminator, location);
+        analysis.terminator_effect(trans, terminator, location);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_effects_in_range<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        effects: RangeInclusive<EffectIndex>,
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        let (from, to) = (*effects.start(), *effects.end());
+        let terminator_index = block_data.statements.len();
+
+        assert!(to.statement_index <= terminator_index);
+        assert!(!to.precedes_in_forward_order(from));
+
+        // If we have applied the before affect of the statement or terminator at `from` but not its
+        // after effect, do so now and start the loop below from the next statement.
+
+        let first_unapplied_index = match from.effect {
+            Effect::Before => from.statement_index,
+
+            Effect::Primary if from.statement_index == terminator_index => {
+                debug_assert_eq!(from, to);
+
+                let location = Location { block, statement_index: terminator_index };
+                let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+                analysis.apply_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Effect::Primary => {
+                let location = Location { block, statement_index: from.statement_index };
+                let statement = &block_data.statements[from.statement_index];
+                analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+
+                // If we only needed to apply the after effect of the statement at `idx`, we are done.
+                if from == to {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                from.statement_index + 1
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Handle all statements between `from` and `to` whose effects must be applied in full.
+
+        for statement_index in first_unapplied_index..to.statement_index {
+            let location = Location { block, statement_index };
+            let statement = &block_data.statements[statement_index];
+            analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+            analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+        }
+
+        // Handle the statement or terminator at `to`.
+
+        let location = Location { block, statement_index: to.statement_index };
+        if to.statement_index == terminator_index {
+            let terminator = block_data.terminator();
+            analysis.apply_before_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+
+            if to.effect == Effect::Primary {
+                analysis.apply_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+            }
+        } else {
+            let statement = &block_data.statements[to.statement_index];
+            analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+
+            if to.effect == Effect::Primary {
+                analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_results_in_block<F, R>(
+        state: &mut F,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        results: &R,
+        vis: &mut impl ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+    ) where
+        R: ResultsVisitable<'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+    {
+        results.reset_to_block_entry(state, block);
+
+        vis.visit_block_start(state, block_data, block);
+
+        for (statement_index, stmt) in block_data.statements.iter().enumerate() {
+            let loc = Location { block, statement_index };
+            results.reconstruct_before_statement_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+            vis.visit_statement_before_primary_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+            results.reconstruct_statement_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+            vis.visit_statement_after_primary_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+        }
+
+        let loc = Location { block, statement_index: block_data.statements.len() };
+        let term = block_data.terminator();
+        results.reconstruct_before_terminator_effect(state, term, loc);
+        vis.visit_terminator_before_primary_effect(state, term, loc);
+        results.reconstruct_terminator_effect(state, term, loc);
+        vis.visit_terminator_after_primary_effect(state, term, loc);
+
+        vis.visit_block_end(state, block_data, block);
+    }
+
+    fn join_state_into_successors_of<A>(
+        analysis: &A,
+        _tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        _body: &mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        dead_unwinds: Option<&BitSet<BasicBlock>>,
+        exit_state: &mut A::Domain,
+        (bb, bb_data): (BasicBlock, &'_ mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>),
+        mut propagate: impl FnMut(BasicBlock, &A::Domain),
+    ) where
+        A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    {
+        use mir::TerminatorKind::*;
+        match bb_data.terminator().kind {
+            Return | Resume | Abort | GeneratorDrop | Unreachable => {}
+
+            Goto { target } => propagate(target, exit_state),
+
+            Assert { target, cleanup: unwind, expected: _, msg: _, cond: _ }
+            | Drop { target, unwind, place: _ }
+            | DropAndReplace { target, unwind, value: _, place: _ }
+            | FalseUnwind { real_target: target, unwind } => {
+                if let Some(unwind) = unwind {
+                    if dead_unwinds.map_or(true, |dead| !dead.contains(bb)) {
+                        propagate(unwind, exit_state);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                propagate(target, exit_state);
+            }
+
+            FalseEdge { real_target, imaginary_target } => {
+                propagate(real_target, exit_state);
+                propagate(imaginary_target, exit_state);
+            }
+
+            Yield { resume: target, drop, resume_arg, value: _ } => {
+                if let Some(drop) = drop {
+                    propagate(drop, exit_state);
+                }
+
+                analysis.apply_yield_resume_effect(exit_state, target, resume_arg);
+                propagate(target, exit_state);
+            }
+
+            Call { cleanup, destination, ref func, ref args, from_hir_call: _, fn_span: _ } => {
+                if let Some(unwind) = cleanup {
+                    if dead_unwinds.map_or(true, |dead| !dead.contains(bb)) {
+                        propagate(unwind, exit_state);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Some((dest_place, target)) = destination {
+                    // N.B.: This must be done *last*, otherwise the unwind path will see the call
+                    // return effect.
+                    analysis.apply_call_return_effect(exit_state, bb, func, args, dest_place);
+                    propagate(target, exit_state);
+                }
+            }
+
+            InlineAsm { template: _, operands: _, options: _, line_spans: _, destination } => {
+                if let Some(target) = destination {
+                    propagate(target, exit_state);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SwitchInt { ref targets, ref discr, switch_ty: _ } => {
+                let mut applier = SwitchIntEdgeEffectApplier {
+                    exit_state,
+                    targets,
+                    propagate,
+                    effects_applied: false,
+                };
+
+                analysis.apply_switch_int_edge_effects(bb, discr, &mut applier);
+
+                let SwitchIntEdgeEffectApplier {
+                    exit_state, mut propagate, effects_applied, ..
+                } = applier;
+
+                if !effects_applied {
+                    for target in targets.all_targets() {
+                        propagate(*target, exit_state);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct SwitchIntEdgeEffectApplier<'a, D, F> {
+    exit_state: &'a mut D,
+    targets: &'a SwitchTargets,
+    propagate: F,
+
+    effects_applied: bool,
+}
+
+impl<D, F> super::SwitchIntEdgeEffects<D> for SwitchIntEdgeEffectApplier<'_, D, F>
+where
+    D: Clone,
+    F: FnMut(BasicBlock, &D),
+{
+    fn apply(&mut self, mut apply_edge_effect: impl FnMut(&mut D, SwitchIntTarget)) {
+        assert!(!self.effects_applied);
+
+        let mut tmp = None;
+        for (value, target) in self.targets.iter() {
+            let tmp = opt_clone_from_or_clone(&mut tmp, self.exit_state);
+            apply_edge_effect(tmp, SwitchIntTarget { value: Some(value), target });
+            (self.propagate)(target, tmp);
+        }
+
+        // Once we get to the final, "otherwise" branch, there is no need to preserve `exit_state`,
+        // so pass it directly to `apply_edge_effect` to save a clone of the dataflow state.
+        let otherwise = self.targets.otherwise();
+        apply_edge_effect(self.exit_state, SwitchIntTarget { value: None, target: otherwise });
+        (self.propagate)(otherwise, self.exit_state);
+
+        self.effects_applied = true;
+    }
+}
+
+/// An analogue of `Option::get_or_insert_with` that stores a clone of `val` into `opt`, but uses
+/// the more efficient `clone_from` if `opt` was `Some`.
+///
+/// Returns a mutable reference to the new clone that resides in `opt`.
+//
+// FIXME: Figure out how to express this using `Option::clone_from`, or maybe lift it into the
+// standard library?
+fn opt_clone_from_or_clone<T: Clone>(opt: &'a mut Option<T>, val: &T) -> &'a mut T {
+    if opt.is_some() {
+        let ret = opt.as_mut().unwrap();
+        ret.clone_from(val);
+        ret
+    } else {
+        *opt = Some(val.clone());
+        opt.as_mut().unwrap()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/engine.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..804abc3b42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+//! A solver for dataflow problems.
+
+use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use rustc_ast as ast;
+use rustc_data_structures::work_queue::WorkQueue;
+use rustc_graphviz as dot;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_index::vec::{Idx, IndexVec};
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, traversal, BasicBlock};
+use rustc_middle::mir::{create_dump_file, dump_enabled};
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
+
+use super::fmt::DebugWithContext;
+use super::graphviz;
+use super::{
+    visit_results, Analysis, Direction, GenKill, GenKillAnalysis, GenKillSet, JoinSemiLattice,
+    ResultsCursor, ResultsVisitor,
+};
+
+/// A dataflow analysis that has converged to fixpoint.
+pub struct Results<'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    pub analysis: A,
+    pub(super) entry_sets: IndexVec<BasicBlock, A::Domain>,
+}
+
+impl<A> Results<'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    /// Creates a `ResultsCursor` that can inspect these `Results`.
+    pub fn into_results_cursor(self, body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>) -> ResultsCursor<'mir, 'tcx, A> {
+        ResultsCursor::new(body, self)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the dataflow state for the given block.
+    pub fn entry_set_for_block(&self, block: BasicBlock) -> &A::Domain {
+        &self.entry_sets[block]
+    }
+
+    pub fn visit_with(
+        &self,
+        body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        blocks: impl IntoIterator<Item = BasicBlock>,
+        vis: &mut impl ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, FlowState = A::Domain>,
+    ) {
+        visit_results(body, blocks, self, vis)
+    }
+
+    pub fn visit_reachable_with(
+        &self,
+        body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        vis: &mut impl ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, FlowState = A::Domain>,
+    ) {
+        let blocks = mir::traversal::reachable(body);
+        visit_results(body, blocks.map(|(bb, _)| bb), self, vis)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A solver for dataflow problems.
+pub struct Engine<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    body: &'a mir::Body<'tcx>,
+    dead_unwinds: Option<&'a BitSet<BasicBlock>>,
+    entry_sets: IndexVec<BasicBlock, A::Domain>,
+    pass_name: Option<&'static str>,
+    analysis: A,
+
+    /// Cached, cumulative transfer functions for each block.
+    //
+    // FIXME(ecstaticmorse): This boxed `Fn` trait object is invoked inside a tight loop for
+    // gen/kill problems on cyclic CFGs. This is not ideal, but it doesn't seem to degrade
+    // performance in practice. I've tried a few ways to avoid this, but they have downsides. See
+    // the message for the commit that added this FIXME for more information.
+    apply_trans_for_block: Option<Box<dyn Fn(BasicBlock, &mut A::Domain)>>,
+}
+
+impl<A, D, T> Engine<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: GenKillAnalysis<'tcx, Idx = T, Domain = D>,
+    D: Clone + JoinSemiLattice + GenKill<T> + BorrowMut<BitSet<T>>,
+    T: Idx,
+{
+    /// Creates a new `Engine` to solve a gen-kill dataflow problem.
+    pub fn new_gen_kill(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'a mir::Body<'tcx>, analysis: A) -> Self {
+        // If there are no back-edges in the control-flow graph, we only ever need to apply the
+        // transfer function for each block exactly once (assuming that we process blocks in RPO).
+        //
+        // In this case, there's no need to compute the block transfer functions ahead of time.
+        if !body.is_cfg_cyclic() {
+            return Self::new(tcx, body, analysis, None);
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, compute and store the cumulative transfer function for each block.
+
+        let identity = GenKillSet::identity(analysis.bottom_value(body).borrow().domain_size());
+        let mut trans_for_block = IndexVec::from_elem(identity, body.basic_blocks());
+
+        for (block, block_data) in body.basic_blocks().iter_enumerated() {
+            let trans = &mut trans_for_block[block];
+            A::Direction::gen_kill_effects_in_block(&analysis, trans, block, block_data);
+        }
+
+        let apply_trans = Box::new(move |bb: BasicBlock, state: &mut A::Domain| {
+            trans_for_block[bb].apply(state.borrow_mut());
+        });
+
+        Self::new(tcx, body, analysis, Some(apply_trans as Box<_>))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A, D> Engine<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx, Domain = D>,
+    D: Clone + JoinSemiLattice,
+{
+    /// Creates a new `Engine` to solve a dataflow problem with an arbitrary transfer
+    /// function.
+    ///
+    /// Gen-kill problems should use `new_gen_kill`, which will coalesce transfer functions for
+    /// better performance.
+    pub fn new_generic(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'a mir::Body<'tcx>, analysis: A) -> Self {
+        Self::new(tcx, body, analysis, None)
+    }
+
+    fn new(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        body: &'a mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        analysis: A,
+        apply_trans_for_block: Option<Box<dyn Fn(BasicBlock, &mut A::Domain)>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let bottom_value = analysis.bottom_value(body);
+        let mut entry_sets = IndexVec::from_elem(bottom_value.clone(), body.basic_blocks());
+        analysis.initialize_start_block(body, &mut entry_sets[mir::START_BLOCK]);
+
+        if A::Direction::is_backward() && entry_sets[mir::START_BLOCK] != bottom_value {
+            bug!("`initialize_start_block` is not yet supported for backward dataflow analyses");
+        }
+
+        Engine {
+            analysis,
+            tcx,
+            body,
+            dead_unwinds: None,
+            pass_name: None,
+            entry_sets,
+            apply_trans_for_block,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Signals that we do not want dataflow state to propagate across unwind edges for these
+    /// `BasicBlock`s.
+    ///
+    /// You must take care that `dead_unwinds` does not contain a `BasicBlock` that *can* actually
+    /// unwind during execution. Otherwise, your dataflow results will not be correct.
+    pub fn dead_unwinds(mut self, dead_unwinds: &'a BitSet<BasicBlock>) -> Self {
+        self.dead_unwinds = Some(dead_unwinds);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an identifier to the graphviz output for this particular run of a dataflow analysis.
+    ///
+    /// Some analyses are run multiple times in the compilation pipeline. Give them a `pass_name`
+    /// to differentiate them. Otherwise, only the results for the latest run will be saved.
+    pub fn pass_name(mut self, name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        self.pass_name = Some(name);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Computes the fixpoint for this dataflow problem and returns it.
+    pub fn iterate_to_fixpoint(self) -> Results<'tcx, A>
+    where
+        A::Domain: DebugWithContext<A>,
+    {
+        let Engine {
+            analysis,
+            body,
+            dead_unwinds,
+            mut entry_sets,
+            tcx,
+            apply_trans_for_block,
+            pass_name,
+            ..
+        } = self;
+
+        let mut dirty_queue: WorkQueue<BasicBlock> =
+            WorkQueue::with_none(body.basic_blocks().len());
+
+        if A::Direction::is_forward() {
+            for (bb, _) in traversal::reverse_postorder(body) {
+                dirty_queue.insert(bb);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Reverse post-order on the reverse CFG may generate a better iteration order for
+            // backward dataflow analyses, but probably not enough to matter.
+            for (bb, _) in traversal::postorder(body) {
+                dirty_queue.insert(bb);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // `state` is not actually used between iterations;
+        // this is just an optimization to avoid reallocating
+        // every iteration.
+        let mut state = analysis.bottom_value(body);
+        while let Some(bb) = dirty_queue.pop() {
+            let bb_data = &body[bb];
+
+            // Set the state to the entry state of the block.
+            // This is equivalent to `state = entry_sets[bb].clone()`,
+            // but it saves an allocation, thus improving compile times.
+            state.clone_from(&entry_sets[bb]);
+
+            // Apply the block transfer function, using the cached one if it exists.
+            match &apply_trans_for_block {
+                Some(apply) => apply(bb, &mut state),
+                None => A::Direction::apply_effects_in_block(&analysis, &mut state, bb, bb_data),
+            }
+
+            A::Direction::join_state_into_successors_of(
+                &analysis,
+                tcx,
+                body,
+                dead_unwinds,
+                &mut state,
+                (bb, bb_data),
+                |target: BasicBlock, state: &A::Domain| {
+                    let set_changed = entry_sets[target].join(state);
+                    if set_changed {
+                        dirty_queue.insert(target);
+                    }
+                },
+            );
+        }
+
+        let results = Results { analysis, entry_sets };
+
+        let res = write_graphviz_results(tcx, &body, &results, pass_name);
+        if let Err(e) = res {
+            error!("Failed to write graphviz dataflow results: {}", e);
+        }
+
+        results
+    }
+}
+
+// Graphviz
+
+/// Writes a DOT file containing the results of a dataflow analysis if the user requested it via
+/// `rustc_mir` attributes.
+fn write_graphviz_results<A>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    body: &mir::Body<'tcx>,
+    results: &Results<'tcx, A>,
+    pass_name: Option<&'static str>,
+) -> std::io::Result<()>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    A::Domain: DebugWithContext<A>,
+{
+    use std::fs;
+    use std::io::{self, Write};
+
+    let def_id = body.source.def_id();
+    let attrs = match RustcMirAttrs::parse(tcx, def_id) {
+        Ok(attrs) => attrs,
+
+        // Invalid `rustc_mir` attrs are reported in `RustcMirAttrs::parse`
+        Err(()) => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let mut file = match attrs.output_path(A::NAME) {
+        Some(path) => {
+            debug!("printing dataflow results for {:?} to {}", def_id, path.display());
+            if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+                fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+            }
+            io::BufWriter::new(fs::File::create(&path)?)
+        }
+
+        None if tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.dump_mir_dataflow
+            && dump_enabled(tcx, A::NAME, def_id) =>
+        {
+            create_dump_file(
+                tcx,
+                ".dot",
+                None,
+                A::NAME,
+                &pass_name.unwrap_or("-----"),
+                body.source,
+            )?
+        }
+
+        _ => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    let style = match attrs.formatter {
+        Some(sym::two_phase) => graphviz::OutputStyle::BeforeAndAfter,
+        _ => graphviz::OutputStyle::AfterOnly,
+    };
+
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+
+    let graphviz = graphviz::Formatter::new(body, results, style);
+    let mut render_opts =
+        vec![dot::RenderOption::Fontname(tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.graphviz_font.clone())];
+    if tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.graphviz_dark_mode {
+        render_opts.push(dot::RenderOption::DarkTheme);
+    }
+    dot::render_opts(&graphviz, &mut buf, &render_opts)?;
+
+    file.write_all(&buf)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct RustcMirAttrs {
+    basename_and_suffix: Option<PathBuf>,
+    formatter: Option<Symbol>,
+}
+
+impl RustcMirAttrs {
+    fn parse(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> Result<Self, ()> {
+        let attrs = tcx.get_attrs(def_id);
+
+        let mut result = Ok(());
+        let mut ret = RustcMirAttrs::default();
+
+        let rustc_mir_attrs = attrs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|attr| attr.has_name(sym::rustc_mir))
+            .flat_map(|attr| attr.meta_item_list().into_iter().flat_map(|v| v.into_iter()));
+
+        for attr in rustc_mir_attrs {
+            let attr_result = if attr.has_name(sym::borrowck_graphviz_postflow) {
+                Self::set_field(&mut ret.basename_and_suffix, tcx, &attr, |s| {
+                    let path = PathBuf::from(s.to_string());
+                    match path.file_name() {
+                        Some(_) => Ok(path),
+                        None => {
+                            tcx.sess.span_err(attr.span(), "path must end in a filename");
+                            Err(())
+                        }
+                    }
+                })
+            } else if attr.has_name(sym::borrowck_graphviz_format) {
+                Self::set_field(&mut ret.formatter, tcx, &attr, |s| match s {
+                    sym::gen_kill | sym::two_phase => Ok(s),
+                    _ => {
+                        tcx.sess.span_err(attr.span(), "unknown formatter");
+                        Err(())
+                    }
+                })
+            } else {
+                Ok(())
+            };
+
+            result = result.and(attr_result);
+        }
+
+        result.map(|()| ret)
+    }
+
+    fn set_field<T>(
+        field: &mut Option<T>,
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        attr: &ast::NestedMetaItem,
+        mapper: impl FnOnce(Symbol) -> Result<T, ()>,
+    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        if field.is_some() {
+            tcx.sess
+                .span_err(attr.span(), &format!("duplicate values for `{}`", attr.name_or_empty()));
+
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
+        if let Some(s) = attr.value_str() {
+            *field = Some(mapper(s)?);
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            tcx.sess
+                .span_err(attr.span(), &format!("`{}` requires an argument", attr.name_or_empty()));
+            Err(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the path where dataflow results should be written, or `None`
+    /// `borrowck_graphviz_postflow` was not specified.
+    ///
+    /// This performs the following transformation to the argument of `borrowck_graphviz_postflow`:
+    ///
+    /// "path/suffix.dot" -> "path/analysis_name_suffix.dot"
+    fn output_path(&self, analysis_name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+        let mut ret = self.basename_and_suffix.as_ref().cloned()?;
+        let suffix = ret.file_name().unwrap(); // Checked when parsing attrs
+
+        let mut file_name: OsString = analysis_name.into();
+        file_name.push("_");
+        file_name.push(suffix);
+        ret.set_file_name(file_name);
+
+        Some(ret)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/fmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/fmt.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d1553bbbd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/fmt.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//! Custom formatting traits used when outputting Graphviz diagrams with the results of a dataflow
+//! analysis.
+
+use rustc_index::bit_set::{BitSet, HybridBitSet};
+use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
+use std::fmt;
+
+/// An extension to `fmt::Debug` for data that can be better printed with some auxiliary data `C`.
+pub trait DebugWithContext<C>: Eq + fmt::Debug {
+    fn fmt_with(&self, _ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+
+    /// Print the difference between `self` and `old`.
+    ///
+    /// This should print nothing if `self == old`.
+    ///
+    /// `+` and `-` are typically used to indicate differences. However, these characters are
+    /// fairly common and may be needed to print a types representation. If using them to indicate
+    /// a diff, prefix them with the "Unit Separator"  control character (␟  U+001F).
+    fn fmt_diff_with(&self, old: &Self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        if self == old {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        write!(f, "\u{001f}+")?;
+        self.fmt_with(ctxt, f)?;
+
+        if f.alternate() {
+            write!(f, "\n")?;
+        } else {
+            write!(f, "\t")?;
+        }
+
+        write!(f, "\u{001f}-")?;
+        old.fmt_with(ctxt, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implements `fmt::Debug` by deferring to `<T as DebugWithContext<C>>::fmt_with`.
+pub struct DebugWithAdapter<'a, T, C> {
+    pub this: T,
+    pub ctxt: &'a C,
+}
+
+impl<T, C> fmt::Debug for DebugWithAdapter<'_, T, C>
+where
+    T: DebugWithContext<C>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.this.fmt_with(self.ctxt, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implements `fmt::Debug` by deferring to `<T as DebugWithContext<C>>::fmt_diff_with`.
+pub struct DebugDiffWithAdapter<'a, T, C> {
+    pub new: T,
+    pub old: T,
+    pub ctxt: &'a C,
+}
+
+impl<T, C> fmt::Debug for DebugDiffWithAdapter<'_, T, C>
+where
+    T: DebugWithContext<C>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.new.fmt_diff_with(&self.old, self.ctxt, f)
+    }
+}
+
+// Impls
+
+impl<T, C> DebugWithContext<C> for BitSet<T>
+where
+    T: Idx + DebugWithContext<C>,
+{
+    fn fmt_with(&self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_set().entries(self.iter().map(|i| DebugWithAdapter { this: i, ctxt })).finish()
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_diff_with(&self, old: &Self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let size = self.domain_size();
+        assert_eq!(size, old.domain_size());
+
+        let mut set_in_self = HybridBitSet::new_empty(size);
+        let mut cleared_in_self = HybridBitSet::new_empty(size);
+
+        for i in (0..size).map(T::new) {
+            match (self.contains(i), old.contains(i)) {
+                (true, false) => set_in_self.insert(i),
+                (false, true) => cleared_in_self.insert(i),
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+        }
+
+        let mut first = true;
+        for idx in set_in_self.iter() {
+            let delim = if first {
+                "\u{001f}+"
+            } else if f.alternate() {
+                "\n\u{001f}+"
+            } else {
+                ", "
+            };
+
+            write!(f, "{}", delim)?;
+            idx.fmt_with(ctxt, f)?;
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        if !f.alternate() {
+            first = true;
+            if !set_in_self.is_empty() && !cleared_in_self.is_empty() {
+                write!(f, "\t")?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for idx in cleared_in_self.iter() {
+            let delim = if first {
+                "\u{001f}-"
+            } else if f.alternate() {
+                "\n\u{001f}-"
+            } else {
+                ", "
+            };
+
+            write!(f, "{}", delim)?;
+            idx.fmt_with(ctxt, f)?;
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, C> DebugWithContext<C> for &'_ T
+where
+    T: DebugWithContext<C>,
+{
+    fn fmt_with(&self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        (*self).fmt_with(ctxt, f)
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_diff_with(&self, old: &Self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        (*self).fmt_diff_with(*old, ctxt, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<C> DebugWithContext<C> for rustc_middle::mir::Local {}
+impl<C> DebugWithContext<C> for crate::move_paths::InitIndex {}
+
+impl<'tcx, C> DebugWithContext<C> for crate::move_paths::MovePathIndex
+where
+    C: crate::move_paths::HasMoveData<'tcx>,
+{
+    fn fmt_with(&self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", ctxt.move_data().move_paths[*self])
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, C> DebugWithContext<C> for crate::lattice::Dual<T>
+where
+    T: DebugWithContext<C>,
+{
+    fn fmt_with(&self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        (self.0).fmt_with(ctxt, f)
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_diff_with(&self, old: &Self, ctxt: &C, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        (self.0).fmt_diff_with(&old.0, ctxt, f)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/graphviz.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/graphviz.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a370f8e40f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/graphviz.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+//! A helpful diagram for debugging dataflow problems.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::lazy::SyncOnceCell;
+use std::{io, ops, str};
+
+use regex::Regex;
+use rustc_graphviz as dot;
+use rustc_middle::mir::graphviz_safe_def_name;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, Body, Location};
+
+use super::fmt::{DebugDiffWithAdapter, DebugWithAdapter, DebugWithContext};
+use super::{Analysis, Direction, Results, ResultsRefCursor, ResultsVisitor};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum OutputStyle {
+    AfterOnly,
+    BeforeAndAfter,
+}
+
+impl OutputStyle {
+    fn num_state_columns(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Self::AfterOnly => 1,
+            Self::BeforeAndAfter => 2,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Formatter<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    body: &'a Body<'tcx>,
+    results: &'a Results<'tcx, A>,
+    style: OutputStyle,
+}
+
+impl<A> Formatter<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    pub fn new(body: &'a Body<'tcx>, results: &'a Results<'tcx, A>, style: OutputStyle) -> Self {
+        Formatter { body, results, style }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A pair of a basic block and an index into that basic blocks `successors`.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct CfgEdge {
+    source: BasicBlock,
+    index: usize,
+}
+
+fn dataflow_successors(body: &Body<'tcx>, bb: BasicBlock) -> Vec<CfgEdge> {
+    body[bb]
+        .terminator()
+        .successors()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(index, _)| CfgEdge { source: bb, index })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+impl<A> dot::Labeller<'_> for Formatter<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    A::Domain: DebugWithContext<A>,
+{
+    type Node = BasicBlock;
+    type Edge = CfgEdge;
+
+    fn graph_id(&self) -> dot::Id<'_> {
+        let name = graphviz_safe_def_name(self.body.source.def_id());
+        dot::Id::new(format!("graph_for_def_id_{}", name)).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn node_id(&self, n: &Self::Node) -> dot::Id<'_> {
+        dot::Id::new(format!("bb_{}", n.index())).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn node_label(&self, block: &Self::Node) -> dot::LabelText<'_> {
+        let mut label = Vec::new();
+        let mut fmt = BlockFormatter {
+            results: ResultsRefCursor::new(self.body, self.results),
+            style: self.style,
+            bg: Background::Light,
+        };
+
+        fmt.write_node_label(&mut label, self.body, *block).unwrap();
+        dot::LabelText::html(String::from_utf8(label).unwrap())
+    }
+
+    fn node_shape(&self, _n: &Self::Node) -> Option<dot::LabelText<'_>> {
+        Some(dot::LabelText::label("none"))
+    }
+
+    fn edge_label(&self, e: &Self::Edge) -> dot::LabelText<'_> {
+        let label = &self.body[e.source].terminator().kind.fmt_successor_labels()[e.index];
+        dot::LabelText::label(label.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A> dot::GraphWalk<'a> for Formatter<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    type Node = BasicBlock;
+    type Edge = CfgEdge;
+
+    fn nodes(&self) -> dot::Nodes<'_, Self::Node> {
+        self.body.basic_blocks().indices().collect::<Vec<_>>().into()
+    }
+
+    fn edges(&self) -> dot::Edges<'_, Self::Edge> {
+        self.body
+            .basic_blocks()
+            .indices()
+            .flat_map(|bb| dataflow_successors(self.body, bb))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .into()
+    }
+
+    fn source(&self, edge: &Self::Edge) -> Self::Node {
+        edge.source
+    }
+
+    fn target(&self, edge: &Self::Edge) -> Self::Node {
+        self.body[edge.source].terminator().successors().nth(edge.index).copied().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+struct BlockFormatter<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    results: ResultsRefCursor<'a, 'a, 'tcx, A>,
+    bg: Background,
+    style: OutputStyle,
+}
+
+impl<A> BlockFormatter<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    A::Domain: DebugWithContext<A>,
+{
+    const HEADER_COLOR: &'static str = "#a0a0a0";
+
+    fn toggle_background(&mut self) -> Background {
+        let bg = self.bg;
+        self.bg = !bg;
+        bg
+    }
+
+    fn write_node_label(
+        &mut self,
+        w: &mut impl io::Write,
+        body: &'a Body<'tcx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        //   Sample output:
+        //   +-+-----------------------------------------------+
+        // A |                      bb4                        |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        // B |                MIR                 |   STATE    |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        // C | | (on entry)                       | {_0,_2,_3} |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        // D |0| StorageLive(_7)                  |            |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        //   |1| StorageLive(_8)                  |            |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        //   |2| _8 = &mut _1                     | +_8        |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        // E |T| _4 = const Foo::twiddle(move _2) | -_2        |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        // F | | (on unwind)                      | {_0,_3,_8} |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+        //   | | (on successful return)           | +_4        |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------------+
+
+        // N.B., Some attributes (`align`, `balign`) are repeated on parent elements and their
+        // children. This is because `xdot` seemed to have a hard time correctly propagating
+        // attributes. Make sure to test the output before trying to remove the redundancy.
+        // Notably, `align` was found to have no effect when applied only to <table>.
+
+        let table_fmt = concat!(
+            " border=\"1\"",
+            " cellborder=\"1\"",
+            " cellspacing=\"0\"",
+            " cellpadding=\"3\"",
+            " sides=\"rb\"",
+        );
+        write!(w, r#"<table{fmt}>"#, fmt = table_fmt)?;
+
+        // A + B: Block header
+        match self.style {
+            OutputStyle::AfterOnly => self.write_block_header_simple(w, block)?,
+            OutputStyle::BeforeAndAfter => {
+                self.write_block_header_with_state_columns(w, block, &["BEFORE", "AFTER"])?
+            }
+        }
+
+        // C: State at start of block
+        self.bg = Background::Light;
+        self.results.seek_to_block_start(block);
+        let block_start_state = self.results.get().clone();
+        self.write_row_with_full_state(w, "", "(on start)")?;
+
+        // D + E: Statement and terminator transfer functions
+        self.write_statements_and_terminator(w, body, block)?;
+
+        // F: State at end of block
+
+        let terminator = body[block].terminator();
+
+        // Write the full dataflow state immediately after the terminator if it differs from the
+        // state at block entry.
+        self.results.seek_to_block_end(block);
+        if self.results.get() != &block_start_state || A::Direction::is_backward() {
+            let after_terminator_name = match terminator.kind {
+                mir::TerminatorKind::Call { destination: Some(_), .. } => "(on unwind)",
+                _ => "(on end)",
+            };
+
+            self.write_row_with_full_state(w, "", after_terminator_name)?;
+        }
+
+        // Write any changes caused by terminator-specific effects.
+        //
+        // FIXME: These should really be printed as part of each outgoing edge rather than the node
+        // for the basic block itself. That way, we could display terminator-specific effects for
+        // backward dataflow analyses as well as effects for `SwitchInt` terminators.
+        match terminator.kind {
+            mir::TerminatorKind::Call {
+                destination: Some((return_place, _)),
+                ref func,
+                ref args,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.write_row(w, "", "(on successful return)", |this, w, fmt| {
+                    let state_on_unwind = this.results.get().clone();
+                    this.results.apply_custom_effect(|analysis, state| {
+                        analysis.apply_call_return_effect(state, block, func, args, return_place);
+                    });
+
+                    write!(
+                        w,
+                        r#"<td balign="left" colspan="{colspan}" {fmt} align="left">{diff}</td>"#,
+                        colspan = this.style.num_state_columns(),
+                        fmt = fmt,
+                        diff = diff_pretty(
+                            this.results.get(),
+                            &state_on_unwind,
+                            this.results.analysis()
+                        ),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            }
+
+            mir::TerminatorKind::Yield { resume, resume_arg, .. } => {
+                self.write_row(w, "", "(on yield resume)", |this, w, fmt| {
+                    let state_on_generator_drop = this.results.get().clone();
+                    this.results.apply_custom_effect(|analysis, state| {
+                        analysis.apply_yield_resume_effect(state, resume, resume_arg);
+                    });
+
+                    write!(
+                        w,
+                        r#"<td balign="left" colspan="{colspan}" {fmt} align="left">{diff}</td>"#,
+                        colspan = this.style.num_state_columns(),
+                        fmt = fmt,
+                        diff = diff_pretty(
+                            this.results.get(),
+                            &state_on_generator_drop,
+                            this.results.analysis()
+                        ),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            }
+
+            _ => {}
+        };
+
+        write!(w, "</table>")
+    }
+
+    fn write_block_header_simple(
+        &mut self,
+        w: &mut impl io::Write,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        //   +-------------------------------------------------+
+        // A |                      bb4                        |
+        //   +-----------------------------------+-------------+
+        // B |                MIR                |    STATE    |
+        //   +-+---------------------------------+-------------+
+        //   | |              ...                |             |
+
+        // A
+        write!(
+            w,
+            concat!("<tr>", r#"<td colspan="3" sides="tl">bb{block_id}</td>"#, "</tr>",),
+            block_id = block.index(),
+        )?;
+
+        // B
+        write!(
+            w,
+            concat!(
+                "<tr>",
+                r#"<td colspan="2" {fmt}>MIR</td>"#,
+                r#"<td {fmt}>STATE</td>"#,
+                "</tr>",
+            ),
+            fmt = format!("bgcolor=\"{}\" sides=\"tl\"", Self::HEADER_COLOR),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn write_block_header_with_state_columns(
+        &mut self,
+        w: &mut impl io::Write,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        state_column_names: &[&str],
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        //   +------------------------------------+-------------+
+        // A |                bb4                 |    STATE    |
+        //   +------------------------------------+------+------+
+        // B |                MIR                 |  GEN | KILL |
+        //   +-+----------------------------------+------+------+
+        //   | |              ...                 |      |      |
+
+        // A
+        write!(
+            w,
+            concat!(
+                "<tr>",
+                r#"<td {fmt} colspan="2">bb{block_id}</td>"#,
+                r#"<td {fmt} colspan="{num_state_cols}">STATE</td>"#,
+                "</tr>",
+            ),
+            fmt = "sides=\"tl\"",
+            num_state_cols = state_column_names.len(),
+            block_id = block.index(),
+        )?;
+
+        // B
+        let fmt = format!("bgcolor=\"{}\" sides=\"tl\"", Self::HEADER_COLOR);
+        write!(w, concat!("<tr>", r#"<td colspan="2" {fmt}>MIR</td>"#,), fmt = fmt,)?;
+
+        for name in state_column_names {
+            write!(w, "<td {fmt}>{name}</td>", fmt = fmt, name = name)?;
+        }
+
+        write!(w, "</tr>")
+    }
+
+    fn write_statements_and_terminator(
+        &mut self,
+        w: &mut impl io::Write,
+        body: &'a Body<'tcx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let diffs = StateDiffCollector::run(body, block, self.results.results(), self.style);
+
+        let mut befores = diffs.before.map(|v| v.into_iter());
+        let mut afters = diffs.after.into_iter();
+
+        let next_in_dataflow_order = |it: &mut std::vec::IntoIter<_>| {
+            if A::Direction::is_forward() { it.next().unwrap() } else { it.next_back().unwrap() }
+        };
+
+        for (i, statement) in body[block].statements.iter().enumerate() {
+            let statement_str = format!("{:?}", statement);
+            let index_str = format!("{}", i);
+
+            let after = next_in_dataflow_order(&mut afters);
+            let before = befores.as_mut().map(next_in_dataflow_order);
+
+            self.write_row(w, &index_str, &statement_str, |_this, w, fmt| {
+                if let Some(before) = before {
+                    write!(w, r#"<td {fmt} align="left">{diff}</td>"#, fmt = fmt, diff = before)?;
+                }
+
+                write!(w, r#"<td {fmt} align="left">{diff}</td>"#, fmt = fmt, diff = after)
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        let after = next_in_dataflow_order(&mut afters);
+        let before = befores.as_mut().map(next_in_dataflow_order);
+
+        assert!(afters.is_empty());
+        assert!(befores.as_ref().map_or(true, ExactSizeIterator::is_empty));
+
+        let terminator = body[block].terminator();
+        let mut terminator_str = String::new();
+        terminator.kind.fmt_head(&mut terminator_str).unwrap();
+
+        self.write_row(w, "T", &terminator_str, |_this, w, fmt| {
+            if let Some(before) = before {
+                write!(w, r#"<td {fmt} align="left">{diff}</td>"#, fmt = fmt, diff = before)?;
+            }
+
+            write!(w, r#"<td {fmt} align="left">{diff}</td>"#, fmt = fmt, diff = after)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Write a row with the given index and MIR, using the function argument to fill in the
+    /// "STATE" column(s).
+    fn write_row<W: io::Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        w: &mut W,
+        i: &str,
+        mir: &str,
+        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self, &mut W, &str) -> io::Result<()>,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let bg = self.toggle_background();
+        let valign = if mir.starts_with("(on ") && mir != "(on entry)" { "bottom" } else { "top" };
+
+        let fmt = format!("valign=\"{}\" sides=\"tl\" {}", valign, bg.attr());
+
+        write!(
+            w,
+            concat!(
+                "<tr>",
+                r#"<td {fmt} align="right">{i}</td>"#,
+                r#"<td {fmt} align="left">{mir}</td>"#,
+            ),
+            i = i,
+            fmt = fmt,
+            mir = dot::escape_html(mir),
+        )?;
+
+        f(self, w, &fmt)?;
+        write!(w, "</tr>")
+    }
+
+    fn write_row_with_full_state(
+        &mut self,
+        w: &mut impl io::Write,
+        i: &str,
+        mir: &str,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.write_row(w, i, mir, |this, w, fmt| {
+            let state = this.results.get();
+            let analysis = this.results.analysis();
+
+            // FIXME: The full state vector can be quite long. It would be nice to split on commas
+            // and use some text wrapping algorithm.
+            write!(
+                w,
+                r#"<td colspan="{colspan}" {fmt} align="left">{state}</td>"#,
+                colspan = this.style.num_state_columns(),
+                fmt = fmt,
+                state = format!("{:?}", DebugWithAdapter { this: state, ctxt: analysis }),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+struct StateDiffCollector<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    analysis: &'a A,
+    prev_state: A::Domain,
+    before: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    after: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl<A> StateDiffCollector<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    A::Domain: DebugWithContext<A>,
+{
+    fn run(
+        body: &'a mir::Body<'tcx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        results: &'a Results<'tcx, A>,
+        style: OutputStyle,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut collector = StateDiffCollector {
+            analysis: &results.analysis,
+            prev_state: results.analysis.bottom_value(body),
+            after: vec![],
+            before: (style == OutputStyle::BeforeAndAfter).then_some(vec![]),
+        };
+
+        results.visit_with(body, std::iter::once(block), &mut collector);
+        collector
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A> ResultsVisitor<'a, 'tcx> for StateDiffCollector<'a, 'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+    A::Domain: DebugWithContext<A>,
+{
+    type FlowState = A::Domain;
+
+    fn visit_block_start(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+    ) {
+        if A::Direction::is_forward() {
+            self.prev_state.clone_from(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_block_end(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+    ) {
+        if A::Direction::is_backward() {
+            self.prev_state.clone_from(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_statement_before_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _statement: &'mir mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(before) = self.before.as_mut() {
+            before.push(diff_pretty(state, &self.prev_state, self.analysis));
+            self.prev_state.clone_from(state)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_statement_after_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _statement: &'mir mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.after.push(diff_pretty(state, &self.prev_state, self.analysis));
+        self.prev_state.clone_from(state)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_terminator_before_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _terminator: &'mir mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(before) = self.before.as_mut() {
+            before.push(diff_pretty(state, &self.prev_state, self.analysis));
+            self.prev_state.clone_from(state)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_terminator_after_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _terminator: &'mir mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.after.push(diff_pretty(state, &self.prev_state, self.analysis));
+        self.prev_state.clone_from(state)
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! regex {
+    ($re:literal $(,)?) => {{
+        static RE: SyncOnceCell<regex::Regex> = SyncOnceCell::new();
+        RE.get_or_init(|| Regex::new($re).unwrap())
+    }};
+}
+
+fn diff_pretty<T, C>(new: T, old: T, ctxt: &C) -> String
+where
+    T: DebugWithContext<C>,
+{
+    if new == old {
+        return String::new();
+    }
+
+    let re = regex!("\t?\u{001f}([+-])");
+
+    let raw_diff = format!("{:#?}", DebugDiffWithAdapter { new, old, ctxt });
+
+    // Replace newlines in the `Debug` output with `<br/>`
+    let raw_diff = raw_diff.replace('\n', r#"<br align="left"/>"#);
+
+    let mut inside_font_tag = false;
+    let html_diff = re.replace_all(&raw_diff, |captures: &regex::Captures<'_>| {
+        let mut ret = String::new();
+        if inside_font_tag {
+            ret.push_str(r#"</font>"#);
+        }
+
+        let tag = match &captures[1] {
+            "+" => r#"<font color="darkgreen">+"#,
+            "-" => r#"<font color="red">-"#,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        inside_font_tag = true;
+        ret.push_str(tag);
+        ret
+    });
+
+    let mut html_diff = match html_diff {
+        Cow::Borrowed(_) => return raw_diff,
+        Cow::Owned(s) => s,
+    };
+
+    if inside_font_tag {
+        html_diff.push_str("</font>");
+    }
+
+    html_diff
+}
+
+/// The background color used for zebra-striping the table.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum Background {
+    Light,
+    Dark,
+}
+
+impl Background {
+    fn attr(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dark => "bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\"",
+            Self::Light => "",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Not for Background {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn not(self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Self::Light => Self::Dark,
+            Self::Dark => Self::Light,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/lattice.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/lattice.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f937b31f4cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/lattice.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+//! Traits used to represent [lattices] for use as the domain of a dataflow analysis.
+//!
+//! # Overview
+//!
+//! The most common lattice is a powerset of some set `S`, ordered by [set inclusion]. The [Hasse
+//! diagram] for the powerset of a set with two elements (`X` and `Y`) is shown below. Note that
+//! distinct elements at the same height in a Hasse diagram (e.g. `{X}` and `{Y}`) are
+//! *incomparable*, not equal.
+//!
+//! ```text
+//!      {X, Y}    <- top
+//!       /  \
+//!    {X}    {Y}
+//!       \  /
+//!        {}      <- bottom
+//!
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The defining characteristic of a lattice—the one that differentiates it from a [partially
+//! ordered set][poset]—is the existence of a *unique* least upper and greatest lower bound for
+//! every pair of elements. The lattice join operator (`∨`) returns the least upper bound, and the
+//! lattice meet operator (`∧`) returns the greatest lower bound. Types that implement one operator
+//! but not the other are known as semilattices. Dataflow analysis only uses the join operator and
+//! will work with any join-semilattice, but both should be specified when possible.
+//!
+//! ## `PartialOrd`
+//!
+//! Given that they represent partially ordered sets, you may be surprised that [`JoinSemiLattice`]
+//! and [`MeetSemiLattice`] do not have [`PartialOrd`][std::cmp::PartialOrd] as a supertrait. This
+//! is because most standard library types use lexicographic ordering instead of set inclusion for
+//! their `PartialOrd` impl. Since we do not actually need to compare lattice elements to run a
+//! dataflow analysis, there's no need for a newtype wrapper with a custom `PartialOrd` impl. The
+//! only benefit would be the ability to check that the least upper (or greatest lower) bound
+//! returned by the lattice join (or meet) operator was in fact greater (or lower) than the inputs.
+//!
+//! [lattices]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_(order)
+//! [set inclusion]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset
+//! [Hasse diagram]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse_diagram
+//! [poset]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set
+
+use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_index::vec::{Idx, IndexVec};
+use std::iter;
+
+/// A [partially ordered set][poset] that has a [least upper bound][lub] for any pair of elements
+/// in the set.
+///
+/// [lub]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infimum_and_supremum
+/// [poset]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set
+pub trait JoinSemiLattice: Eq {
+    /// Computes the least upper bound of two elements, storing the result in `self` and returning
+    /// `true` if `self` has changed.
+    ///
+    /// The lattice join operator is abbreviated as `∨`.
+    fn join(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool;
+}
+
+/// A [partially ordered set][poset] that has a [greatest lower bound][glb] for any pair of
+/// elements in the set.
+///
+/// Dataflow analyses only require that their domains implement [`JoinSemiLattice`], not
+/// `MeetSemiLattice`. However, types that will be used as dataflow domains should implement both
+/// so that they can be used with [`Dual`].
+///
+/// [glb]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infimum_and_supremum
+/// [poset]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set
+pub trait MeetSemiLattice: Eq {
+    /// Computes the greatest lower bound of two elements, storing the result in `self` and
+    /// returning `true` if `self` has changed.
+    ///
+    /// The lattice meet operator is abbreviated as `∧`.
+    fn meet(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool;
+}
+
+/// A `bool` is a "two-point" lattice with `true` as the top element and `false` as the bottom:
+///
+/// ```text
+///      true
+///        |
+///      false
+/// ```
+impl JoinSemiLattice for bool {
+    fn join(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        if let (false, true) = (*self, *other) {
+            *self = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+impl MeetSemiLattice for bool {
+    fn meet(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        if let (true, false) = (*self, *other) {
+            *self = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+/// A tuple (or list) of lattices is itself a lattice whose least upper bound is the concatenation
+/// of the least upper bounds of each element of the tuple (or list).
+///
+/// In other words:
+///     (A₀, A₁, ..., Aₙ) ∨ (B₀, B₁, ..., Bₙ) = (A₀∨B₀, A₁∨B₁, ..., Aₙ∨Bₙ)
+impl<I: Idx, T: JoinSemiLattice> JoinSemiLattice for IndexVec<I, T> {
+    fn join(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        assert_eq!(self.len(), other.len());
+
+        let mut changed = false;
+        for (a, b) in iter::zip(self, other) {
+            changed |= a.join(b);
+        }
+        changed
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I: Idx, T: MeetSemiLattice> MeetSemiLattice for IndexVec<I, T> {
+    fn meet(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        assert_eq!(self.len(), other.len());
+
+        let mut changed = false;
+        for (a, b) in iter::zip(self, other) {
+            changed |= a.meet(b);
+        }
+        changed
+    }
+}
+
+/// A `BitSet` represents the lattice formed by the powerset of all possible values of
+/// the index type `T` ordered by inclusion. Equivalently, it is a tuple of "two-point" lattices,
+/// one for each possible value of `T`.
+impl<T: Idx> JoinSemiLattice for BitSet<T> {
+    fn join(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.union(other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Idx> MeetSemiLattice for BitSet<T> {
+    fn meet(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.intersect(other)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The counterpart of a given semilattice `T` using the [inverse order].
+///
+/// The dual of a join-semilattice is a meet-semilattice and vice versa. For example, the dual of a
+/// powerset has the empty set as its top element and the full set as its bottom element and uses
+/// set *intersection* as its join operator.
+///
+/// [inverse order]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality_(order_theory)
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Dual<T>(pub T);
+
+impl<T> std::borrow::Borrow<T> for Dual<T> {
+    fn borrow(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> std::borrow::BorrowMut<T> for Dual<T> {
+    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: MeetSemiLattice> JoinSemiLattice for Dual<T> {
+    fn join(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.0.meet(&other.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: JoinSemiLattice> MeetSemiLattice for Dual<T> {
+    fn meet(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.0.join(&other.0)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extends a type `T` with top and bottom elements to make it a partially ordered set in which no
+/// value of `T` is comparable with any other. A flat set has the following [Hasse diagram]:
+///
+/// ```text
+///         top
+///       / /  \ \
+/// all possible values of `T`
+///       \ \  / /
+///        bottom
+/// ```
+///
+/// [Hasse diagram]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse_diagram
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum FlatSet<T> {
+    Bottom,
+    Elem(T),
+    Top,
+}
+
+impl<T: Clone + Eq> JoinSemiLattice for FlatSet<T> {
+    fn join(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        let result = match (&*self, other) {
+            (Self::Top, _) | (_, Self::Bottom) => return false,
+            (Self::Elem(a), Self::Elem(b)) if a == b => return false,
+
+            (Self::Bottom, Self::Elem(x)) => Self::Elem(x.clone()),
+
+            _ => Self::Top,
+        };
+
+        *self = result;
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Clone + Eq> MeetSemiLattice for FlatSet<T> {
+    fn meet(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        let result = match (&*self, other) {
+            (Self::Bottom, _) | (_, Self::Top) => return false,
+            (Self::Elem(ref a), Self::Elem(ref b)) if a == b => return false,
+
+            (Self::Top, Self::Elem(ref x)) => Self::Elem(x.clone()),
+
+            _ => Self::Bottom,
+        };
+
+        *self = result;
+        true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0bf62db1ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+//! A framework that can express both [gen-kill] and generic dataflow problems.
+//!
+//! To actually use this framework, you must implement either the `Analysis` or the
+//! `GenKillAnalysis` trait. If your transfer function can be expressed with only gen/kill
+//! operations, prefer `GenKillAnalysis` since it will run faster while iterating to fixpoint. The
+//! `impls` module contains several examples of gen/kill dataflow analyses.
+//!
+//! Create an `Engine` for your analysis using the `into_engine` method on the `Analysis` trait,
+//! then call `iterate_to_fixpoint`. From there, you can use a `ResultsCursor` to inspect the
+//! fixpoint solution to your dataflow problem, or implement the `ResultsVisitor` interface and use
+//! `visit_results`. The following example uses the `ResultsCursor` approach.
+//!
+//! ```ignore (cross-crate-imports)
+//! use rustc_mir::dataflow::Analysis; // Makes `into_engine` available.
+//!
+//! fn do_my_analysis(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mir::Body<'tcx>) {
+//!     let analysis = MyAnalysis::new()
+//!         .into_engine(tcx, body)
+//!         .iterate_to_fixpoint()
+//!         .into_results_cursor(body);
+//!
+//!     // Print the dataflow state *after* each statement in the start block.
+//!     for (_, statement_index) in body.block_data[START_BLOCK].statements.iter_enumerated() {
+//!         cursor.seek_after(Location { block: START_BLOCK, statement_index });
+//!         let state = cursor.get();
+//!         println!("{:?}", state);
+//!     }
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [gen-kill]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-flow_analysis#Bit_vector_problems
+
+use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+use rustc_index::bit_set::{BitSet, HybridBitSet};
+use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, Location};
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+
+mod cursor;
+mod direction;
+mod engine;
+pub mod fmt;
+pub mod graphviz;
+pub mod lattice;
+mod visitor;
+
+pub use self::cursor::{ResultsCursor, ResultsRefCursor};
+pub use self::direction::{Backward, Direction, Forward};
+pub use self::engine::{Engine, Results};
+pub use self::lattice::{JoinSemiLattice, MeetSemiLattice};
+pub use self::visitor::{visit_results, ResultsVisitable, ResultsVisitor};
+
+/// Define the domain of a dataflow problem.
+///
+/// This trait specifies the lattice on which this analysis operates (the domain) as well as its
+/// initial value at the entry point of each basic block.
+pub trait AnalysisDomain<'tcx> {
+    /// The type that holds the dataflow state at any given point in the program.
+    type Domain: Clone + JoinSemiLattice;
+
+    /// The direction of this analysis. Either `Forward` or `Backward`.
+    type Direction: Direction = Forward;
+
+    /// A descriptive name for this analysis. Used only for debugging.
+    ///
+    /// This name should be brief and contain no spaces, periods or other characters that are not
+    /// suitable as part of a filename.
+    const NAME: &'static str;
+
+    /// The initial value of the dataflow state upon entry to each basic block.
+    fn bottom_value(&self, body: &mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Self::Domain;
+
+    /// Mutates the initial value of the dataflow state upon entry to the `START_BLOCK`.
+    ///
+    /// For backward analyses, initial state besides the bottom value is not yet supported. Trying
+    /// to mutate the initial state will result in a panic.
+    //
+    // FIXME: For backward dataflow analyses, the initial state should be applied to every basic
+    // block where control flow could exit the MIR body (e.g., those terminated with `return` or
+    // `resume`). It's not obvious how to handle `yield` points in generators, however.
+    fn initialize_start_block(&self, body: &mir::Body<'tcx>, state: &mut Self::Domain);
+}
+
+/// A dataflow problem with an arbitrarily complex transfer function.
+///
+/// # Convergence
+///
+/// When implementing this trait directly (not via [`GenKillAnalysis`]), it's possible to choose a
+/// transfer function such that the analysis does not reach fixpoint. To guarantee convergence,
+/// your transfer functions must maintain the following invariant:
+///
+/// > If the dataflow state **before** some point in the program changes to be greater
+/// than the prior state **before** that point, the dataflow state **after** that point must
+/// also change to be greater than the prior state **after** that point.
+///
+/// This invariant guarantees that the dataflow state at a given point in the program increases
+/// monotonically until fixpoint is reached. Note that this monotonicity requirement only applies
+/// to the same point in the program at different points in time. The dataflow state at a given
+/// point in the program may or may not be greater than the state at any preceding point.
+pub trait Analysis<'tcx>: AnalysisDomain<'tcx> {
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with the effect of evaluating a statement.
+    fn apply_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with an effect that occurs immediately *before* the
+    /// given statement.
+    ///
+    /// This method is useful if the consumer of the results of this analysis needs only to observe
+    /// *part* of the effect of a statement (e.g. for two-phase borrows). As a general rule,
+    /// analyses should not implement this without implementing `apply_statement_effect`.
+    fn apply_before_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with the effect of evaluating a terminator.
+    ///
+    /// The effect of a successful return from a `Call` terminator should **not** be accounted for
+    /// in this function. That should go in `apply_call_return_effect`. For example, in the
+    /// `InitializedPlaces` analyses, the return place for a function call is not marked as
+    /// initialized here.
+    fn apply_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with an effect that occurs immediately *before* the
+    /// given terminator.
+    ///
+    /// This method is useful if the consumer of the results of this analysis needs only to observe
+    /// *part* of the effect of a terminator (e.g. for two-phase borrows). As a general rule,
+    /// analyses should not implement this without implementing `apply_terminator_effect`.
+    fn apply_before_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /* Edge-specific effects */
+
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with the effect of a successful return from a `Call`
+    /// terminator.
+    ///
+    /// This is separate from `apply_terminator_effect` to properly track state across unwind
+    /// edges.
+    fn apply_call_return_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        func: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        args: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
+        return_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    );
+
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with the effect of resuming from a `Yield` terminator.
+    ///
+    /// This is similar to `apply_call_return_effect` in that it only takes place after the
+    /// generator is resumed, not when it is dropped.
+    ///
+    /// By default, no effects happen.
+    fn apply_yield_resume_effect(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _resume_block: BasicBlock,
+        _resume_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the current dataflow state with the effect of taking a particular branch in a
+    /// `SwitchInt` terminator.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike the other edge-specific effects, which are allowed to mutate `Self::Domain`
+    /// directly, overriders of this method must pass a callback to
+    /// `SwitchIntEdgeEffects::apply`. The callback will be run once for each outgoing edge and
+    /// will have access to the dataflow state that will be propagated along that edge.
+    ///
+    /// This interface is somewhat more complex than the other visitor-like "effect" methods.
+    /// However, it is both more ergonomic—callers don't need to recompute or cache information
+    /// about a given `SwitchInt` terminator for each one of its edges—and more efficient—the
+    /// engine doesn't need to clone the exit state for a block unless
+    /// `SwitchIntEdgeEffects::apply` is actually called.
+    ///
+    /// FIXME: This class of effects is not supported for backward dataflow analyses.
+    fn apply_switch_int_edge_effects(
+        &self,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+        _discr: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        _apply_edge_effects: &mut impl SwitchIntEdgeEffects<Self::Domain>,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /* Extension methods */
+
+    /// Creates an `Engine` to find the fixpoint for this dataflow problem.
+    ///
+    /// You shouldn't need to override this outside this module, since the combination of the
+    /// default impl and the one for all `A: GenKillAnalysis` will do the right thing.
+    /// Its purpose is to enable method chaining like so:
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore (cross-crate-imports)
+    /// let results = MyAnalysis::new(tcx, body)
+    ///     .into_engine(tcx, body, def_id)
+    ///     .iterate_to_fixpoint()
+    ///     .into_results_cursor(body);
+    /// ```
+    fn into_engine(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Engine<'mir, 'tcx, Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        Engine::new_generic(tcx, body, self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A gen/kill dataflow problem.
+///
+/// Each method in this trait has a corresponding one in `Analysis`. However, these methods only
+/// allow modification of the dataflow state via "gen" and "kill" operations. By defining transfer
+/// functions for each statement in this way, the transfer function for an entire basic block can
+/// be computed efficiently.
+///
+/// `Analysis` is automatically implemented for all implementers of `GenKillAnalysis`.
+pub trait GenKillAnalysis<'tcx>: Analysis<'tcx> {
+    type Idx: Idx;
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_statement_effect`.
+    fn statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        trans: &mut impl GenKill<Self::Idx>,
+        statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_before_statement_effect`.
+    fn before_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        _trans: &mut impl GenKill<Self::Idx>,
+        _statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_terminator_effect`.
+    fn terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        trans: &mut impl GenKill<Self::Idx>,
+        terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_before_terminator_effect`.
+    fn before_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        _trans: &mut impl GenKill<Self::Idx>,
+        _terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /* Edge-specific effects */
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_call_return_effect`.
+    fn call_return_effect(
+        &self,
+        trans: &mut impl GenKill<Self::Idx>,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        func: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        args: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
+        return_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    );
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_yield_resume_effect`.
+    fn yield_resume_effect(
+        &self,
+        _trans: &mut impl GenKill<Self::Idx>,
+        _resume_block: BasicBlock,
+        _resume_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// See `Analysis::apply_switch_int_edge_effects`.
+    fn switch_int_edge_effects<G: GenKill<Self::Idx>>(
+        &self,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+        _discr: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        _edge_effects: &mut impl SwitchIntEdgeEffects<G>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A> Analysis<'tcx> for A
+where
+    A: GenKillAnalysis<'tcx>,
+    A::Domain: GenKill<A::Idx> + BorrowMut<BitSet<A::Idx>>,
+{
+    fn apply_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_before_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.before_statement_effect(state, statement, location);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_before_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.before_terminator_effect(state, terminator, location);
+    }
+
+    /* Edge-specific effects */
+
+    fn apply_call_return_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        func: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        args: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
+        return_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    ) {
+        self.call_return_effect(state, block, func, args, return_place);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_yield_resume_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut A::Domain,
+        resume_block: BasicBlock,
+        resume_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    ) {
+        self.yield_resume_effect(state, resume_block, resume_place);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_switch_int_edge_effects(
+        &self,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        discr: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        edge_effects: &mut impl SwitchIntEdgeEffects<A::Domain>,
+    ) {
+        self.switch_int_edge_effects(block, discr, edge_effects);
+    }
+
+    /* Extension methods */
+
+    fn into_engine(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Engine<'mir, 'tcx, Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        Engine::new_gen_kill(tcx, body, self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The legal operations for a transfer function in a gen/kill problem.
+///
+/// This abstraction exists because there are two different contexts in which we call the methods in
+/// `GenKillAnalysis`. Sometimes we need to store a single transfer function that can be efficiently
+/// applied multiple times, such as when computing the cumulative transfer function for each block.
+/// These cases require a `GenKillSet`, which in turn requires two `BitSet`s of storage. Oftentimes,
+/// however, we only need to apply an effect once. In *these* cases, it is more efficient to pass the
+/// `BitSet` representing the state vector directly into the `*_effect` methods as opposed to
+/// building up a `GenKillSet` and then throwing it away.
+pub trait GenKill<T> {
+    /// Inserts `elem` into the state vector.
+    fn gen(&mut self, elem: T);
+
+    /// Removes `elem` from the state vector.
+    fn kill(&mut self, elem: T);
+
+    /// Calls `gen` for each element in `elems`.
+    fn gen_all(&mut self, elems: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) {
+        for elem in elems {
+            self.gen(elem);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Calls `kill` for each element in `elems`.
+    fn kill_all(&mut self, elems: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) {
+        for elem in elems {
+            self.kill(elem);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stores a transfer function for a gen/kill problem.
+///
+/// Calling `gen`/`kill` on a `GenKillSet` will "build up" a transfer function so that it can be
+/// applied multiple times efficiently. When there are multiple calls to `gen` and/or `kill` for
+/// the same element, the most recent one takes precedence.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct GenKillSet<T> {
+    gen: HybridBitSet<T>,
+    kill: HybridBitSet<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Idx> GenKillSet<T> {
+    /// Creates a new transfer function that will leave the dataflow state unchanged.
+    pub fn identity(universe: usize) -> Self {
+        GenKillSet {
+            gen: HybridBitSet::new_empty(universe),
+            kill: HybridBitSet::new_empty(universe),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply(&self, state: &mut BitSet<T>) {
+        state.union(&self.gen);
+        state.subtract(&self.kill);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Idx> GenKill<T> for GenKillSet<T> {
+    fn gen(&mut self, elem: T) {
+        self.gen.insert(elem);
+        self.kill.remove(elem);
+    }
+
+    fn kill(&mut self, elem: T) {
+        self.kill.insert(elem);
+        self.gen.remove(elem);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Idx> GenKill<T> for BitSet<T> {
+    fn gen(&mut self, elem: T) {
+        self.insert(elem);
+    }
+
+    fn kill(&mut self, elem: T) {
+        self.remove(elem);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Idx> GenKill<T> for lattice::Dual<BitSet<T>> {
+    fn gen(&mut self, elem: T) {
+        self.0.insert(elem);
+    }
+
+    fn kill(&mut self, elem: T) {
+        self.0.remove(elem);
+    }
+}
+
+// NOTE: DO NOT CHANGE VARIANT ORDER. The derived `Ord` impls rely on the current order.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum Effect {
+    /// The "before" effect (e.g., `apply_before_statement_effect`) for a statement (or
+    /// terminator).
+    Before,
+
+    /// The "primary" effect (e.g., `apply_statement_effect`) for a statement (or terminator).
+    Primary,
+}
+
+impl Effect {
+    pub const fn at_index(self, statement_index: usize) -> EffectIndex {
+        EffectIndex { effect: self, statement_index }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct EffectIndex {
+    statement_index: usize,
+    effect: Effect,
+}
+
+impl EffectIndex {
+    fn next_in_forward_order(self) -> Self {
+        match self.effect {
+            Effect::Before => Effect::Primary.at_index(self.statement_index),
+            Effect::Primary => Effect::Before.at_index(self.statement_index + 1),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next_in_backward_order(self) -> Self {
+        match self.effect {
+            Effect::Before => Effect::Primary.at_index(self.statement_index),
+            Effect::Primary => Effect::Before.at_index(self.statement_index - 1),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the effect at `self` should be applied earlier than the effect at `other`
+    /// in forward order.
+    fn precedes_in_forward_order(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+        let ord = self
+            .statement_index
+            .cmp(&other.statement_index)
+            .then_with(|| self.effect.cmp(&other.effect));
+        ord == Ordering::Less
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the effect at `self` should be applied earlier than the effect at `other`
+    /// in backward order.
+    fn precedes_in_backward_order(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+        let ord = other
+            .statement_index
+            .cmp(&self.statement_index)
+            .then_with(|| self.effect.cmp(&other.effect));
+        ord == Ordering::Less
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SwitchIntTarget {
+    pub value: Option<u128>,
+    pub target: BasicBlock,
+}
+
+/// A type that records the edge-specific effects for a `SwitchInt` terminator.
+pub trait SwitchIntEdgeEffects<D> {
+    /// Calls `apply_edge_effect` for each outgoing edge from a `SwitchInt` terminator and
+    /// records the results.
+    fn apply(&mut self, apply_edge_effect: impl FnMut(&mut D, SwitchIntTarget));
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5989121679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+//! A test for the logic that updates the state in a `ResultsCursor` during seek.
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, Location};
+use rustc_middle::ty;
+use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
+
+use super::*;
+
+/// Creates a `mir::Body` with a few disconnected basic blocks.
+///
+/// This is the `Body` that will be used by the `MockAnalysis` below. The shape of its CFG is not
+/// important.
+fn mock_body() -> mir::Body<'static> {
+    let source_info = mir::SourceInfo::outermost(DUMMY_SP);
+
+    let mut blocks = IndexVec::new();
+    let mut block = |n, kind| {
+        let nop = mir::Statement { source_info, kind: mir::StatementKind::Nop };
+
+        blocks.push(mir::BasicBlockData {
+            statements: std::iter::repeat(&nop).cloned().take(n).collect(),
+            terminator: Some(mir::Terminator { source_info, kind }),
+            is_cleanup: false,
+        })
+    };
+
+    let dummy_place = mir::Place { local: mir::RETURN_PLACE, projection: ty::List::empty() };
+
+    block(4, mir::TerminatorKind::Return);
+    block(1, mir::TerminatorKind::Return);
+    block(
+        2,
+        mir::TerminatorKind::Call {
+            func: mir::Operand::Copy(dummy_place.clone()),
+            args: vec![],
+            destination: Some((dummy_place.clone(), mir::START_BLOCK)),
+            cleanup: None,
+            from_hir_call: false,
+            fn_span: DUMMY_SP,
+        },
+    );
+    block(3, mir::TerminatorKind::Return);
+    block(0, mir::TerminatorKind::Return);
+    block(
+        4,
+        mir::TerminatorKind::Call {
+            func: mir::Operand::Copy(dummy_place.clone()),
+            args: vec![],
+            destination: Some((dummy_place.clone(), mir::START_BLOCK)),
+            cleanup: None,
+            from_hir_call: false,
+            fn_span: DUMMY_SP,
+        },
+    );
+
+    mir::Body::new_cfg_only(blocks)
+}
+
+/// A dataflow analysis whose state is unique at every possible `SeekTarget`.
+///
+/// Uniqueness is achieved by having a *locally* unique effect before and after each statement and
+/// terminator (see `effect_at_target`) while ensuring that the entry set for each block is
+/// *globally* unique (see `mock_entry_set`).
+///
+/// For example, a `BasicBlock` with ID `2` and a `Call` terminator has the following state at each
+/// location ("+x" indicates that "x" is added to the state).
+///
+/// | Location               | Before            | After  |
+/// |------------------------|-------------------|--------|
+/// | (on_entry)             | {102}                     ||
+/// | statement 0            | +0                | +1     |
+/// | statement 1            | +2                | +3     |
+/// | `Call` terminator      | +4                | +5     |
+/// | (on unwind)            | {102,0,1,2,3,4,5}         ||
+///
+/// The `102` in the block's entry set is derived from the basic block index and ensures that the
+/// expected state is unique across all basic blocks. Remember, it is generated by
+/// `mock_entry_sets`, not from actually running `MockAnalysis` to fixpoint.
+struct MockAnalysis<'tcx, D> {
+    body: &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx>,
+    dir: PhantomData<D>,
+}
+
+impl<D: Direction> MockAnalysis<'tcx, D> {
+    const BASIC_BLOCK_OFFSET: usize = 100;
+
+    /// The entry set for each `BasicBlock` is the ID of that block offset by a fixed amount to
+    /// avoid colliding with the statement/terminator effects.
+    fn mock_entry_set(&self, bb: BasicBlock) -> BitSet<usize> {
+        let mut ret = self.bottom_value(self.body);
+        ret.insert(Self::BASIC_BLOCK_OFFSET + bb.index());
+        ret
+    }
+
+    fn mock_entry_sets(&self) -> IndexVec<BasicBlock, BitSet<usize>> {
+        let empty = self.bottom_value(self.body);
+        let mut ret = IndexVec::from_elem(empty, &self.body.basic_blocks());
+
+        for (bb, _) in self.body.basic_blocks().iter_enumerated() {
+            ret[bb] = self.mock_entry_set(bb);
+        }
+
+        ret
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the index that should be added to the dataflow state at the given target.
+    fn effect(&self, loc: EffectIndex) -> usize {
+        let idx = match loc.effect {
+            Effect::Before => loc.statement_index * 2,
+            Effect::Primary => loc.statement_index * 2 + 1,
+        };
+
+        assert!(idx < Self::BASIC_BLOCK_OFFSET, "Too many statements in basic block");
+        idx
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the expected state at the given `SeekTarget`.
+    ///
+    /// This is the union of index of the target basic block, the index assigned to the
+    /// target statement or terminator, and the indices of all preceding statements in the target
+    /// basic block.
+    ///
+    /// For example, the expected state when calling
+    /// `seek_before_primary_effect(Location { block: 2, statement_index: 2 })`
+    /// would be `[102, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]`.
+    fn expected_state_at_target(&self, target: SeekTarget) -> BitSet<usize> {
+        let block = target.block();
+        let mut ret = self.bottom_value(self.body);
+        ret.insert(Self::BASIC_BLOCK_OFFSET + block.index());
+
+        let target = match target {
+            SeekTarget::BlockEntry { .. } => return ret,
+            SeekTarget::Before(loc) => Effect::Before.at_index(loc.statement_index),
+            SeekTarget::After(loc) => Effect::Primary.at_index(loc.statement_index),
+        };
+
+        let mut pos = if D::is_forward() {
+            Effect::Before.at_index(0)
+        } else {
+            Effect::Before.at_index(self.body[block].statements.len())
+        };
+
+        loop {
+            ret.insert(self.effect(pos));
+
+            if pos == target {
+                return ret;
+            }
+
+            if D::is_forward() {
+                pos = pos.next_in_forward_order();
+            } else {
+                pos = pos.next_in_backward_order();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D: Direction> AnalysisDomain<'tcx> for MockAnalysis<'tcx, D> {
+    type Domain = BitSet<usize>;
+    type Direction = D;
+
+    const NAME: &'static str = "mock";
+
+    fn bottom_value(&self, body: &mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Self::Domain {
+        BitSet::new_empty(Self::BASIC_BLOCK_OFFSET + body.basic_blocks().len())
+    }
+
+    fn initialize_start_block(&self, _: &mir::Body<'tcx>, _: &mut Self::Domain) {
+        unimplemented!("This is never called since `MockAnalysis` is never iterated to fixpoint");
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D: Direction> Analysis<'tcx> for MockAnalysis<'tcx, D> {
+    fn apply_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        let idx = self.effect(Effect::Primary.at_index(location.statement_index));
+        assert!(state.insert(idx));
+    }
+
+    fn apply_before_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        let idx = self.effect(Effect::Before.at_index(location.statement_index));
+        assert!(state.insert(idx));
+    }
+
+    fn apply_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        let idx = self.effect(Effect::Primary.at_index(location.statement_index));
+        assert!(state.insert(idx));
+    }
+
+    fn apply_before_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    ) {
+        let idx = self.effect(Effect::Before.at_index(location.statement_index));
+        assert!(state.insert(idx));
+    }
+
+    fn apply_call_return_effect(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut Self::Domain,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+        _func: &mir::Operand<'tcx>,
+        _args: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
+        _return_place: mir::Place<'tcx>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum SeekTarget {
+    BlockEntry(BasicBlock),
+    Before(Location),
+    After(Location),
+}
+
+impl SeekTarget {
+    fn block(&self) -> BasicBlock {
+        use SeekTarget::*;
+
+        match *self {
+            BlockEntry(block) => block,
+            Before(loc) | After(loc) => loc.block,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An iterator over all possible `SeekTarget`s in a given block in order, starting with
+    /// `BlockEntry`.
+    fn iter_in_block(body: &mir::Body<'_>, block: BasicBlock) -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
+        let statements_and_terminator = (0..=body[block].statements.len())
+            .flat_map(|i| (0..2).map(move |j| (i, j)))
+            .map(move |(i, kind)| {
+                let loc = Location { block, statement_index: i };
+                match kind {
+                    0 => SeekTarget::Before(loc),
+                    1 => SeekTarget::After(loc),
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            });
+
+        std::iter::once(SeekTarget::BlockEntry(block)).chain(statements_and_terminator)
+    }
+}
+
+fn test_cursor<D: Direction>(analysis: MockAnalysis<'tcx, D>) {
+    let body = analysis.body;
+
+    let mut cursor =
+        Results { entry_sets: analysis.mock_entry_sets(), analysis }.into_results_cursor(body);
+
+    let every_target = || {
+        body.basic_blocks()
+            .iter_enumerated()
+            .flat_map(|(bb, _)| SeekTarget::iter_in_block(body, bb))
+    };
+
+    let mut seek_to_target = |targ| {
+        use SeekTarget::*;
+
+        match targ {
+            BlockEntry(block) => cursor.seek_to_block_entry(block),
+            Before(loc) => cursor.seek_before_primary_effect(loc),
+            After(loc) => cursor.seek_after_primary_effect(loc),
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(cursor.get(), &cursor.analysis().expected_state_at_target(targ));
+    };
+
+    // Seek *to* every possible `SeekTarget` *from* every possible `SeekTarget`.
+    //
+    // By resetting the cursor to `from` each time it changes, we end up checking some edges twice.
+    // What we really want is an Eulerian cycle for the complete digraph over all possible
+    // `SeekTarget`s, but it's not worth spending the time to compute it.
+    for from in every_target() {
+        seek_to_target(from);
+
+        for to in every_target() {
+            dbg!(from);
+            dbg!(to);
+            seek_to_target(to);
+            seek_to_target(from);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn backward_cursor() {
+    let body = mock_body();
+    let body = &body;
+    let analysis = MockAnalysis { body, dir: PhantomData::<Backward> };
+    test_cursor(analysis)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn forward_cursor() {
+    let body = mock_body();
+    let body = &body;
+    let analysis = MockAnalysis { body, dir: PhantomData::<Forward> };
+    test_cursor(analysis)
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/visitor.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/visitor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84136c4d78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/visitor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, Location};
+
+use super::{Analysis, Direction, Results};
+
+/// Calls the corresponding method in `ResultsVisitor` for every location in a `mir::Body` with the
+/// dataflow state at that location.
+pub fn visit_results<F, V>(
+    body: &'mir mir::Body<'tcx>,
+    blocks: impl IntoIterator<Item = BasicBlock>,
+    results: &V,
+    vis: &mut impl ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+) where
+    V: ResultsVisitable<'tcx, FlowState = F>,
+{
+    let mut state = results.new_flow_state(body);
+
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let reachable_blocks = mir::traversal::reachable_as_bitset(body);
+
+    for block in blocks {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        assert!(reachable_blocks.contains(block));
+
+        let block_data = &body[block];
+        V::Direction::visit_results_in_block(&mut state, block, block_data, results, vis);
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait ResultsVisitor<'mir, 'tcx> {
+    type FlowState;
+
+    fn visit_block_start(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// Called with the `before_statement_effect` of the given statement applied to `state` but not
+    /// its `statement_effect`.
+    fn visit_statement_before_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _statement: &'mir mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// Called with both the `before_statement_effect` and the `statement_effect` of the given
+    /// statement applied to `state`.
+    fn visit_statement_after_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _statement: &'mir mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// Called with the `before_terminator_effect` of the given terminator applied to `state` but not
+    /// its `terminator_effect`.
+    fn visit_terminator_before_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _terminator: &'mir mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /// Called with both the `before_terminator_effect` and the `terminator_effect` of the given
+    /// terminator applied to `state`.
+    ///
+    /// The `call_return_effect` (if one exists) will *not* be applied to `state`.
+    fn visit_terminator_after_primary_effect(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _terminator: &'mir mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        _location: Location,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    fn visit_block_end(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &Self::FlowState,
+        _block_data: &'mir mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx>,
+        _block: BasicBlock,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+/// Things that can be visited by a `ResultsVisitor`.
+///
+/// This trait exists so that we can visit the results of multiple dataflow analyses simultaneously.
+/// DO NOT IMPLEMENT MANUALLY. Instead, use the `impl_visitable` macro below.
+pub trait ResultsVisitable<'tcx> {
+    type Direction: Direction;
+    type FlowState;
+
+    /// Creates an empty `FlowState` to hold the transient state for these dataflow results.
+    ///
+    /// The value of the newly created `FlowState` will be overwritten by `reset_to_block_entry`
+    /// before it can be observed by a `ResultsVisitor`.
+    fn new_flow_state(&self, body: &mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Self::FlowState;
+
+    fn reset_to_block_entry(&self, state: &mut Self::FlowState, block: BasicBlock);
+
+    fn reconstruct_before_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    fn reconstruct_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        statement: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    fn reconstruct_before_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+
+    fn reconstruct_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        location: Location,
+    );
+}
+
+impl<'tcx, A> ResultsVisitable<'tcx> for Results<'tcx, A>
+where
+    A: Analysis<'tcx>,
+{
+    type FlowState = A::Domain;
+
+    type Direction = A::Direction;
+
+    fn new_flow_state(&self, body: &mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Self::FlowState {
+        self.analysis.bottom_value(body)
+    }
+
+    fn reset_to_block_entry(&self, state: &mut Self::FlowState, block: BasicBlock) {
+        state.clone_from(&self.entry_set_for_block(block));
+    }
+
+    fn reconstruct_before_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        stmt: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        loc: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.analysis.apply_before_statement_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+    }
+
+    fn reconstruct_statement_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        stmt: &mir::Statement<'tcx>,
+        loc: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.analysis.apply_statement_effect(state, stmt, loc);
+    }
+
+    fn reconstruct_before_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        term: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        loc: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.analysis.apply_before_terminator_effect(state, term, loc);
+    }
+
+    fn reconstruct_terminator_effect(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::FlowState,
+        term: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
+        loc: Location,
+    ) {
+        self.analysis.apply_terminator_effect(state, term, loc);
+    }
+}